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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 
TECHNICAL BULLETINS 


COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 


ENTOMOLOGY | 
Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 153-198 October, 1906 


CATALOGUE OF THE EPHYDRIDAE, WITH BIBLI- 
OGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTION OF 
NEW SPECIES. 


Bry BURLE J. JONES. 


The present paper represents part of the scientific results 
of the study of the mosquito problem near Burlingame. One 
_ of the flies described herein was the most conspicuous inhabitant 
of many of the mosquito-infested pools. Three species of this 
family have been hitherto credited to California; ten others are 
now identified in the University collection, of which four are 
new. 


NEW SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA EPHYDRIDAE. 


Notophila varia, n. sp., ¢ and g.—The lighter speci- 
mens of this species are similar to N. bellula Williston, from 
which they can be distinguished by the brown vitta of the 
pronotum, the smaller size, and usually the lighter color of 
the antenne. The brown spots on the upper part of the 
_mesopleure seem also to be lacking here. 

Varying from black to dull brown; front yellowish brown, 
with sometimes a trace of a broad, darker-brown stripe from 
the orbits on either side at the vertex to the lower edge of 
the front. The narrow orbits gray. Antenne yellow, rarely 
reddish yellow, the upper part of the second and third joints 
and sometimes the tip of the third joint brownish or blackish. 


154 University of California Publications, [NToMoLocy 


Face and cheeks yellowish, often grayish directly beneath the 
eyes. Palpi light yellow; all of the femora except the knees, 
the lower part of the pleure, and the abdomen with close 
erayish pubescence. In most specimens a black or dark-brown 
cloud extends from the lower part of the pleurw on each side 
upward across the shoulders, thence backward diagonally across 
the thorax, meeting at the center above, thus leaving a triangu- 
lar light-brown spot on the pronotum. A reddish-brown vitta 
crosses this triangular spot from the front backwards, dis- 
appearing in the darker cloud behind. The dark color is 
usually shghtly dispersed or entirely wanting on the seutellum ; 
occasionally it crosses the center of the thorax diagonally 
or is otherwise irregular. Abdomen hoary lke the femora, 
with brownish spots irregularly arranged on the anterior part 
of each segment, generally leaving the lateral border and a 
median line above grayish. . Tips of femora, upper part of 
front tibie, middle of hind tibiz and the tarsi, except their 
tips, yellow; lower part of front tibize and their tarsi blackish. 
Tips of all the tarsi slightly blackish. Wings uniformly a 
trifle brownish; halteres pale yellow. Face falling off con- 
siderably beneath the antenne for this genus, with a slight 
median ridge above. Face narrow; entire body slender. Pat- 
tern of thoracic macrochete and venation of wings normal. 
Length, 3 to 3.25 mm. Middle and Southern California. 


Parydra aurata, n. sp., ¢ and p.—Very similar to 
Parydra bituberculata, but differs fundamentally in the absence 
of the conical warts of the seutellum, also in the absence of 
brownish dusting on the face, in the lighter color of the 
antenne, and the possession of uniform golden pubescence. 
Entire insect clothed with golden-yellow pubescence, under 
which it is black, more or less shining, and sometimes with a 
steel-blue reflection on the abdomen. Epistoma more densely 
pubescence toward the oral margin; antenne brown or brown- 
ish yellow; tibizee reddish yellow, sometimes distinctly brownish 
in the center; tarsi reddish-yellow, last joint brown or black. 
The characteristic bristle on each side of the face long and 
slender; a distinct impression above and toward the center of 
the face from this. Orbits and cheeks broad; clypeus very _ 
prominent; epistoma with two broad, very flat transverse 
ridges crossing the center above the clypeus (these are some-, 


Vo. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 155 


times almost indistinguishable). Antennal arista long and 
slender, base pubescent, bare toward the tip. Vitte of the 
thorax almost obsolete; the four characteristic rows of tho- 
racic hairs slender, black, strongly reclinate. Wings brown, 
veins brownish black; a hyaline spot at each side of the broad 
brownish band of the cross veins, a fifth spot at the base of 
the marginal cell; second segment of the costa nearly twice 
as long as the third. Second longitudinal vein without ap- 
pendage; third and fourth longitudinals with a slight diverg- 
ence at the tips; fifth longitudinal scarcely attaining the 
margin of the wing. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. San Francisco, 
California. 


-Ephydra millbrae, n. sp., ¢ and ¢.—Front bronze bluish 
oreen with sparse grayish pubescence, epistoma shading from 
a dark brown above to a light chestnut brown at the oral 
margin, sides of the face beneath brownish pruinose; antennz 
dark brown, first segment lghter; proboscis black above, 
yellow at apex; palpi light brown; orbits purplish blue imme- 
diately beneath and behind the eyes. Thorax from the lateral 
margins above marked with alternating vitte, five of blue and 
four of green, iridescent and sometimes indistinct; body 
beneath light green, with very fine grayish pubescence; 
abdomen green, slightly bronzed above; general color of the 
legs brownish green, trochanters lighter, second pair with a 
decided yellowish pubescence; upper half of the tibie light, 
with a row of orange yellow hairs on the upper half behind; 
knees yellowish; wings hyaline, halteres lemon yellow. Front 
sparsely clothed with short bristles, regularly arranged; ocellar 
protuberance considerably raised, a pair of stout macrochetx 
midway between the lower and two upper ocelli, a lateral row 
of 2 to 3 fine hairs in.the center of the ocellar triangle; a slight 
depression below the lowest ocellus. Epistoma densely 
pruinose, a row of bristles on the upper half in front, con- 
verging with the oral margins laterally; the entire epistoma 
clothed sparsely with short hairs, a row of slight bristles 
fringing the oral margin. Second joint of antenne with 
numerous fine hairs, third joint destitute of a lateral pile. 
Sides of the thorax with only two stout macrochete. Veins 
of wings yellowish at base, darker toward the apices. Pattern 
of the thoracic macrochetse above showing distinctly the 


156 Unwersity of Califorma Publications. |ENtTomoLoey 


generic arrangement as given by Professor Becker in _ his 
monograph of this family, Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 
1896, Tafel vii, Fig. 19 (reproduced here in Fig. 105, b). The 
two hairs at the center of the field posterior are so small, how- 
ever, that they might be overlooked in a casual examination. 
(Fig. 105.) Length, 3.75 to 4 mm. 


Egg.— White obovate, somewhat irregular in outline, with- 
out definite markings; clothed with hairs about the smaller 
end, usually sparsely; attached by the larger ends to floating 
bits of vegetation or puparia. (Fig. 102.) 





FIG, 102. Eggs of Ephydra miilbra. 


Larva.—Length, 10 to 12 mm. with the anal siphon and its 
two tubes extended. Length of siphon, 3.5 mm. Densely and 
uniformly pubescent, excepting a number of small, very dense 
elusters of black hairs irregularly arranged on the last six 
segments, dorsad. Abdominal segments with eight pairs of 
false legs, non-articulated, ventral exterior end of each with 
two rows of transverse, curved hooks; all but last pair with 
first row containing four hooks, second five; behind these are 
three or four irregularly arranged. Each leg of the last pair | 
bears thirteen claws in three irregular rows, the first two with 
three claws each and the third with seven smaller ones. Mouth 
parts composed chiefly of a pair of large median or foot hooks, 
provided with smaller, hook-like processes on the ventral sur- 


Vo. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 157 


face. Antenne rudimentary, with first lobe comparatively 
long, second and third short. First segment back of the head 
with a pair of fan-like spiracles or gills; the number of branches 
varies from three in the young larva to seven in the adult, 
directly connected with the anal siphon by the tracheal sys- 








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FIG. 103. Larva of Ephydra millbre. 


tem; siphon tapering, semi-transparent. When feeding, the 
larva draws the food in by a process of invagination in which 
the mouth parts are folded back into the head. ‘The larva 
resembles in some respects that of EH. californica Pack., but 
differs in the number of hooks on the abdominal tubercles and 





FIG. 104. Pupa of Ephydra millbrx. 


in the form and size of the anal siphon and length of its acces- 
sory branches. 
The puparium differs from that of E. halophila most notice- 
ably in size, and from E. gracilis in the length of the anal 
siphon, which is much longer in the latter species; it is also 
~ much larger than E. gracilis. (Fig. 103.) 


Pupa.—Puparium brownish black; length, about 12 mm. 
_ Seventh pair of legs small. Attached by last abdominal seg- 


158 University of Califorma Publications, |! NtTomMoLocY 


ment, anterior and extends into water, anal siphon protrudes. 
Pupa (young) white, naked; mouth parts pressed to the breast, 
indistinguishable; legs folded along the abdomen, head high 
between the eyes; wings reach to tarsi of second pair of legs. 
(Fig. 104.) 

Note.—These flies have become very abundant along the 
southwest shore of San Francisco Bay between the small towns 
of San Mateo and San Bruno, the center of the colony seem- 
ing to be about Millbrae, where the floating puparia and adults 





FIG. 105. Kphydra milibre. 


a. Head from above. b. Thorax from above, showing position of spines. c. End of 
abdomen of female. d. End of abdomen of male. 


often cover the entire surface of the small salt-water ponds. 
Like mosquitoes, they seem unable to breed in water affected 
by the tide, but prefer the smaller pools that are practically 
without motion. The salinity of these marshes, owing to 
eradual evaporation during the summer and autumn months, 
often becomes much greater than that of the bay itself. I 
have found the flies living in ponds where the salinity was as 
high as 4.2 per cent, being almost one per cent higher than 
that of the average sea water. The migratory propensities do 
not seem to be very great and the immense colonies move about 
from pond to pond only as compelled by the absolute drying 
up of their habitat. The length of the life cycle is about the 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 159 


same as that of the salt-marsh mosquitoes, which are often 
found in the same ponds. The adult flies abstract their 
nourishment from the surface of the water in which their 
larve live. They are especially fond of decaying animal 
matter, and will collect in swarms on water containing dead 
erabs or other animal bodies. The puparia are fastened in 
clusters to floating bits of vegetation and some even to the anal 
siphons of others. The adults crawl freely about over these 
floating puparia and lay their eggs upon them. These clusters 
of flies and puparia are shown in Plate LI. 

The puparia are very susceptible to the attacks of Chalcid 
parasites, and furnish an excellent breeding ground for them. 
From an aquarium in which I have bred out about seventy 
Ephydrids, seven of these Chalcid flies have emerged from the 


pupe. 


Ephydra cinerea, n. sp., ¢ and p.--Related to EL. hians 
Say, but differs in the vitte of the thorax, the green of the 
front and the very light color of the lower part of the legs. 
Entire insect densely cinereous pruinose, giving it a gray ap- 
pearance seldom seen in members of this genus. Front brassy 
oreen, only slightly shining and densely pruinose; ocelli light 
orange yellow, ocellar triangle with dense fulvous pruinosity ; 
third antennal joint also fulvous, almost umber; eyes spotted 
with black and deep orange yellow in varying proportions. 
Thorax above with three broad vittz, varying from olivaceous 
at the margins to brassy green in the center; these stripes 
sometimes merge into an olivaceous patch with silky luster on 
the back of the mesothorax, usually obsolete on the scutellum. 
Abdomen usually concolorous, sometimes becoming yellowish 
toward the tip, with purplish bronze reflection, which is in- 
visible except. when the dense grayish pruinosity is rubbed off. 
Joints of trochanters, knees, tibiw, and tarsi, except last joint, 
pale honey yellow densely clothed with grayish white pubes- 
cence; last joint of tarsi concolorous with body or slightly 
darker. <A pair of strong macrochetie, as strong as the four 
outwardly directed above each eye, just outside the ocellar 
triangle at the center of its sides; a very small, erect bristle 
just above the lowest ocellus; another, slightly larger, directly 
above this at the center of the triangle; a slightly longer pair 
barely inside the upper ocelli, and two more pairs directly 


160 University of California Publications, |ENToMoLoGY 


beyond these back of the vertex. Front very sparsely clothed 
with short erect hairs. Second antennal joint beset with short 
bristles; third joint without lateral pile; arista densely pubes- 
cent at the base with longer hairs, mostly above, toward the 
tip and last one fourth bare. Epistoma considerably protrud- 
ing, strongly arched above, a row of five to six strong lateral 
bristles bordering it above on each side, usually with a smaller 
bristle between each two of the larger ones; another row of 
strong bristles about the oral margin. Thoracic pattern of 
macrochete normal above; pleure with a row of five to six 
strong bristles at the base of the wings, anterior portion usually 
beset with short hairs, a strong macrocheta directly above the 
intermediate coxe. All of the macrochetze and hairs black. 
Claws unusually long and straight. Wings grayish hyaline; 
veins light yellow at the base, darkening toward the apices; 
costa beset with short, stout hairs; unusually short, stout spines 
occurring at regular intervals to between the third and fourth 
longitudinals. Halteres pale yellow, almost stramineous. 
Length, 4.5 to 5 mm. Southern California. 


EPHYDRIDAE OF THE UNIVERSITY COLLECTION. 


Besides the species described above as new, I find the follow- 
ing in the collection of the University of California, not here- 
tofore known to oecur in this region: 


Notiphila virgata Coquillett. The general color is much 
lighter than the type, and the vitte of the thorax are brown 
rather than black. The pattern of these vitte and the corre- 
spondence of the markings to the type leave no doubt as to its 
identity. Bakersfield, California. 


Notiphila sealaris Low. Though averaging about one 
fourth mm. larger than the type deseribed by Professor Low 
from the Middle States, the specimens here correspond very 
closely in color and markings. Southern California. 


Hydrellia seapularis Low. This is very similar to the 
type in many eases, specimens varying somewhat. Some have 
a whitish dot above the antenne, and in others the mark- 
ings of the legs vary slightly. A few specimens, which I regard 





PLATE I. Breeding places of Ephydra millbre. 





Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 161 


as a variety of H. scapularis, have the face decidedly whitish 
instead of dark ochraceous as in the type; they are, however, 
identical in other respects. San Francisco and Rivera, Cali- 
fornia. 


Parydra appendicuiata Low. Apparently identical with 
the type. Berkeley. 


Seatophila hamifera Becker. Although representatives 
of this genus have not before been found in this country, 
there seems to be no doubt but that the specimens before me 
belong here. The macrochetal pattern of the thorax, the 
larger opening of the mouth, the sparse hairing of the face, 
and the fact that the costal vein ends at the third longitudi- 
nal point unmistakably toward Scatophila. The coloration 
of the various parts, the peculiar color pattern of the thorax 
above, as illustrated by Professor Becker (Berl. Ent. Zeit., 
Vol. XLI, Taf. V, Fig. 11) and the number and position of the 
-wing spots, mark our specimens as identical with the Norwegian 
Scatophila hamifera. Alameda, California. 


Caenia bisetosa Coquillett. Redlands, California. 


LITERATURE. 


The following bibliography of the family Ephydride is 
primarily concerned with systematic works, but includes also 
all available references to insects in recognized genera. The 
method of reference carried out in the catalogue of species 
which follows consists of placing the date first, then the initial 
of the author, and finally the page reference. There are several 
eases in which similar initials occur at the same date, but in 
every such case the page reference will enable one to determine 
which author is referred to. 

1776. Degeer, Carl. Mémoires pour servir a |’Histoire des Insects. VI. 
Stockholm. 

1782. Degeer, Carl. German translation of the above, with notes by 
JAS BE Gotze.. VI. : 

1792. Fabricius, Johann C. Entomologia systematica emenda et aucta, 
secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, 
locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Hafniz. 


1798. Fabricius, Johann C. Supplementum Entomologie Systematice. 
Hafnie. 


162 


1805. 


1809. 


1813. 


1820. 
1823. 
1830. 


1832. 


1833. 


1834. 


1835. 


1838. 


1839. 


1843. 


1844. 


1845. 


Unwersity of Califorma Publications, [!NToMoLocy 


Latreille, P. A. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particuliére des 
Crustaces et des Insects. Ouvrage faisant suite aux cuvres 
de Leclerc de Buffon et partie du cours complet 1|’Histoire 
Naturelle redigé p. C. S. Sounini. Paris. XIV. 

Fabricius, Johann C. Systema Antliatorum. Brunsvige. - 


-Latreille, P. A. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum 


ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, inconibus exem- 
plisque plurimus explicata. IV. 

Fallen, Carl F. SBeskrifning ifver nagra i Sverige fume vatten- 
flugor. ( Hydromizides. ) Handlingar Konliga Svenska 
Vetenskaps Akademien. XXXIV, 240-257. 

Fallen, Carl F. Oscinides Suecize. Dissertat. Lund, Berling. 

Fallen, Carl F. Hydromyzides Sueciz. Dissertat. Lund, Berling. 

Meigen, Johann W. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten 
europaischen zweiflugligen Insecten. VI. 

Robineau-Desvoidy, Andre J. B. Essai sur les Myodaires. 
Mémoires de le Savants étrang. Académien. Paris. II. 

Say, Thomas. Descriptions of North American Dipterous Insects. 
Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, VI, 
149-178. 

Wiedemann, Christian R. W. Aussereuropaische zweiflugliche 
Insecten, als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werkes. II. 
Curtis, John. British Entomology, being illustrations and descrip- 
tions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and 

Ireland. IX. London. 

Haliday, Alexis H. Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holy- 
wood in Downshire. Entomological Magazine, I, 147-180. 
Bouche, Peter F. Naturgeschichte der insecten ebsonders in 
Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen. I. 

Berlin. 

Brulle, Auguste. Coup d’cil sur l’Hntomologie de la Morée. 
Annales Science Naturelle, III. : 
Macquart, Jean. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes' Dipteres. 

(Suite 4 Buffon éd. Poret.) II. Paris. 

Haliday, Alexis H. Descriptions of New British Insects indi- 
cated in Mr. Curtis’s Guide. Annals of Natural History, 
series 1, II. ‘ 

Macquart, Jean. Diptéres Exotique nouveaux ou peu connu. I. 

Meigen, Johann W. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten 
europaischen zweiflugligen Insecten. VII. 

Zetterstedt, Johann W. Insecta Lapponica descripta. (Diptera.) 
Lipse Revue Zodlogie, 1838, I. 

Haliday, Alexis H. Remarks on the Generic Distribution of the 
British Hydromyzide. Annals of Natural History, series 1, 
III, 217-224. 

von Heyden, Carl H. G. Ueber Insecten die an den Salien leben. 
Stetteiner Entomologische Zeitung, IV, 227-229. 

Stenhammar, C. Forsok til Gruppering och Revision af de 
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skaps Akademien, 75-273. 

von Heyden, Carl H. G. Ueber Insecten die an den Salinen 
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Staeger, C. Groenland’s Antliater. In Kroyer’s Naturhist. Tid- 
skrift, new ser., I, 369. 


Vou. 1.) Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 163 


1846. 


1847. 


_ 1857. 


1860. 


1861. 


1862. 


Zetterstedt, Johann W. Diptera Scandinavis deposita et 
descripta, Lund. V, 1739-2162. 

Loew, Hermann. Dipterologisches. Stetteiner Hntomologische 
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Perris, Edouardo. Lettre sur une Excursion dans le grande 
Landes. Mémoires Académie de Science Lyon, II, 433-506. 

Rondani, Camillo. Nova Species generis Ochthera. Annals de la 
Société Entomologique de France, ser. 2, V, 29-31. 

Loew, Hermann. Ueber die Arten der Gattung Gymnopa. 
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Walker, Francis. Catalog of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects 
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et seq. 

Boheman, Carl H. Entomologiska Antekningar unter en resai 
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Haliday, Alexis H. Insecta Britannica, II. 

Walker, Francis. Insecta Britannica, Diptera. London. II, 
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Haliday, Alexis H. Descriptions of Insects figured and references 
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Zetterstedt, Johann W. _ Diptera Scandinavize deposita et 
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Haliday, Alexis H. Insecta Britannica, Diptera. London. III. 

Loew, Hermann. Neue Beitrage zur kentniss der Dipteren. IV, 
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Rondani, Camillo. Dipterologiz Italice.. Prodromus. Parma. 

Walker, Francis. Insecta Saundersiana; or, Characters of Unde- 
scribed Insects in the Collection of W. W. Saunders. London. 
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Walker, Francis. Insecta Britannica Diptera. London. III, 352. 

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Loew, Hermann. Beitrage zur kentniss der Dipteren. Jerlin. 
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University of California Publications. |ENTOMOLOGY 


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Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 165 


1871. 


1872. 


1873. 


1874. 


1875. 


1879. 


1881. 


1882. 


1883. 


Packard, A. S. American Journal of Science and Arts, Feb., 
103-105. 


Rye, E. C. Zodlogical Record, VIII. 


Holmgren, A. E. Insecten fra Nordgronland, samlade af Prof. 
A. E. Nordenskiold ar 1870. Kongliga Vetenskaps Forhand- 
lungar, no. 6, 97-105. 

Loew, Hermann. Diptera Americe septentrionalis indigena. 
(Centuria decima.) Berliner HEntomologische Zeitschrift, 
XVI. 

Loew, Hermann. Ibid. (Centuria 6-10), pp. 1-300. 

Rye, E. C. Zodlogical Record, IX. 

Loew, Hermann. Diptera Nova in Pannonia inferiori et in 
confinibus Dacize regionibus, a Ferd. Kowarzio capita. 
Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, XVII. 

Loew, Hermann. Beschreibung europaischen Dipteren, II. (Part 
10 of Meigen’s Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten 
europaischen zweiflugelen Insecten. ) 

Rye, E. C. Zodlogical Record, X. 

Loew, Hermann. Ueber die Gattung Canace. Berliner Ento- 
mologische Zeitschrift, XVIII, 76-81. 

Rye, E. C. Zodlogical Record, XI. 

Eaton, A. E. Breves Dipterarum unisque Lepidopterarum Insule 
Kerguelensi, indigenarum diagnose. Hntomologists’ Monthly 
Magazine, XII. 

Kirby, W. F. Zodlogical Record, XV. 

Loew, Hermann. Neue Nordamerikanische HEphydrinen.  Zeit- 
schrift fiir die gesammten Naturwissenschaften Neue Folge. 
Berlin. LI, 192-208. 

Osten Sacken, C. R. Catalog of the Described Diptera ot North 
America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, XVI, 
200-204. 

Hagen, H. [Flies in a Petroleum Lake, Santa Cruz County, 

, California. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural 
History, XX, 1384. 

Kirby, W. F. Zodlogical Record, XVI, 199. 

Verrall, G. H. Zodlogy of the Kerguellen Islands—-Diptera. 
Philosophical ‘Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 
CLXVITI. 

Karsch. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, Neue Folge. Berlin. 
AVIS pls lp hes 1-2: 

Kirby, W. F. Zodlogical Record, XVIII. 

Van der Wulp, F. M. Diptera in Midden-Sumatra Reizen en 
Onderzoekingen dem Sumatra lExpeditie, ete. IV. 2de 
Aflevering. (Leidem, 1881.) Natuurlijke Histoire, 9de 
Afdeiling, 1-60, pls. 1-5. 

Billups. Discomyza incurva Noticed as New to Britain. Pro- 
ceedings of the Entomological Society of London, 14. 

Kirby, W. F. Zodlogical Record, XX. 

Packard, A. S., Jr. On Insects Used as Food. American 
Naturalist, XVII, 976. 

Say, Thomas. Complete Writings of, On the Entomology of 
North America. Edited by John L. Le Conte, M. DD. Vol. 
Il. Philadelphia. (Originally published in the Journal of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. ITT, 
1823.) 


1884. 
1885. 


1886. 


1887. 


1888. 


1889. 


1890. 


1891. 


1892. 
1893. 


1894. 


University of Califorma Publications, [ENtomo.ocy 


Van der Wulp, F. M. Amerikaansche Diptera. Hntomologisk 
Tidskrift pa foranstaltande af KEntomologiska Fore nuigen i 
Stockholm, XXVI, 1-60. 

Williston, S. W. Ephydra californica from Soda Lakes, Nevada. 
Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, VI, 
83-86. : 

Roeder, Victor von. Dipteren von der Insel Porto Rico. Stettiner 
Entomologische Zeitung, 337-349. 

Gercke, G. Dipterologische Miscellanen. Weiner Entomologische 
Zeitung, V, 161-163. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXIII. 

Williston, S. W. Dipterological Notes and Descriptions. Trans- 
actions American Entomological Society, XIII, 287-307. — 
Gercke, G. Hinige Beobachtungen ueber die Higenart der Canace 

ranula. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, VI. 1-4. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXIV. 

Bigot, J. M. F.. Dipteres. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 
VI, 1-45. (Also noticed by Mik, Wiener Entomologische 
Zeitung, VI, 164.) 

Girschner, E. Dipterologische Studien, Beitrag zur Dipteren 
Fauna Thuringens. HEntomologische Nachrichten, XIV. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXY. 

Gercke, G. © Dipterologische Miscellanen, series II. Wiener 
Entomologische Zeitung, VIII, 219-226. 

Girschner, E. Hine Neue Art der Dipterengattung Psilopa. 
Entomologische Nachrichten, XV, 375. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXVI. 

Von Roder. ‘Table of European Diptera. Hntomologische Nach- 
richten, XV, 54-56. 

Hofmann, E. Notes on ‘Teichomyza fusca in Stuttgart. 
Jahreshefte des Vereins fiir Vaterlandische Naturkunde in 
Wurttemburg (Stuttgart), XLVI, 239. 

Scudder, S. H. Supposed Migration of Ilythea spilota. Psyche, 
V, 402. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XX VII. 

Bigot, J. M. F. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud aux iles Canaries, 
Dipteres. Bulletin de la. Société Zodlogique de Vrance 
(Paris); XEV;, “279: 

Schwarz, E. A. The Insect Fauna of the Great Salt Lake, Utah. 
Canadian Entomologist, XXIII, 235-241. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXVIII. 

Tournier, H. Materiaux pour contribuer & une faune_ suisse. 
L’Entomologiste Genevois. Journal mensuel d’Entomologie 
pure et appliquée (Geneva), I, 244. 

Van der Wulp, F. M. KEinige Uitlandische Diptera. Tijdschrift 
voor HEntomologie, XXXIV, 215. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Reeord, XXIX, 301-302. 

Sharp, D. Zodédlogical Record, XXX, 320-322. 

Strobl, G. Neue Osterreichische Muscide acalypters. Wiener 
Entomologische Zeitung, XIT, 253-256. 

Williston, S. W. Insects of the Death Valley Expedition. North 
America Fauna, VII, 255-258. 
Strobl, P. G. Die Dipteren von Steiermark. Mittheilungen des 
naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fiir Steiermark, XXIX and - 
XXX. 


Vor. 1.] ‘Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydnrdae. 167 


1895. 


1896. 


1897. 


1898. 
1899. 


1900. 


Bezzi, M. Contribuzioni alla fauna ditterologica Italiana. I. 
Ditteri della Calabria. Bulletino della Societa entomologica 
Italiana, XXVII, 70. 

Bezzi, M. Hine neve Art der Dipterengattung Psilopa. Wiener 
Entomologische Zeitung, XIV, 137-138. 

Giglio-Tos, E. JDittere del Messico. Porte Quarta. Memorie 
della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino, XLV, 1-74. 

Johnson, Chas. W. Diptera of Florida. Proceedings of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 303-340. 

Becker, Th. Dipterologische Studien IV, Ephydride. Berliner 
Entomologische Zeitschrift, XLI, 91-276. 

Coquillett, D. W. A New Subfamily of Ephydride. Entomological 
News, VII, 220. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXXIII, 290-292. 

Slosson, Annie. List of Diptera from the White Mountains, 
N. H. Entomological News, VII, 264. 

Wheeler, W. M. ‘The Genus QOchthera. Entomological News, 
Philadelphia, VII, 121-123. 

Williston, S. W. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). 
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 389-404, 
pls. VIII-XIV. 

Williston, S. W. Manual of the Families and Genera of North 
American Diptera, 110. 

Kuntze, A. Hine Neue Ceenia. Deutsche Entomologische Zeit- 
schrift heraus gegeben von der Deutschen entomologischen 
Gesellschaft. Berlin. 159. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXXIV, 265-266. 

Williston, S. W. Diptera Brasiliana, Part IV. The Kansas 
University Quarterly, VI, 1-12 (Jan., 1897). 

Townsend, C. H. T. Entomological News, IX, 168. 

Coquillett, D. W. Description of a New Psilopa. Canadian 
Entomologist, XX XI, 8. 

Coquillett and Howard. Larva of Psilopa petrolei in Crude 
Petroleum. Entomologist, 235. 

Gunther, R. T. Contributions to the Natural History of Lake 
Urmi, N. W. Persia, and its Neighborhood. Journal of the 
Linnean Society, Zoology. London. XNXVI, 415. 

Howard, L. O. Scientific American (Feb. 4th), LX XX, 75. 

Johnson, Chas. W. Catalog of the Diptera of New Jersey. 
Supplement to the 27th Annual Report of New Jersey State 
Board of Agriculture, 615-699. 

Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXXVI, 239-240. 

Coquillett, D. W. Report on a Collection of Dipterous Insects 
from Porto Rico. Proceedings of the United States National 
Museum, No. 1198, XXII, 259-261. 

Coquillett, D. W. New Genera and Species of Ephydride. 
Canadian Entomologist, XX NII, 33-36. 

Coquillett, D. W. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition ; 
Entomological Results (8). Proceedings of the Washington 
Academy of Sciences, II, 462. 

Czereny, L. Neue esterreichische Dipteren. Wiener Entomolo- 
gische Zeitung, XIX, 205. 

Howard, L. O. <A Contribution to the Study of the Fauna of 
Human Pxcrement. Proceedings of the Washington Academy 
of Sciences, II, 541-604. . 


168 Unwersity of Californa Publications. [ENtomoLocy 


1900. Lundbeck, Will. Diptera Groenlandica, II. Nidenskaf elige 
Meddelelser Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjébenhavn, 302-303. 
Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XXXVII, 3808-310. 
Strobl, G. Spanische Dipteren, Part 8. Wiener Entomologische 
Zeitung, XIX, 1-4. 
1901. Coquillett, D. W. Papers from the Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos 
Expedition; Entomological Results (2), Diptera. Proceedings 
of the Washington Academy of Sciences, III, 377-378. 
Grimshaw, P. H. Diptera Fauna Hawaiiensis, III, 49. 
‘Hutton, F. W. Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New 
Zealand. ‘Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand 
Institute, X XXIII. f 
Kertesz, C. Zwei Neue LEphygrobia-Arten von Singapore. 
Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek kiadja a Magyar nemzeti Museum 
(Budapest), XXIV, 81. 
Sharp, D. Zodlogical Record, XX XVIII, 272-274. 
1902. Cockerell, T. D. A. Some Insects of the Hudsonian Zone in New 
Mexico. Psyche, 346-347. 
Coquillett, D. W. New Acalyptrate Diptera from North America. 
Journal of the New York Entomological Society, X, 182-184. 
Slosson, Annie T. List of Diptera from the White Mountains, 
N. H. Entomological News, XIII, 8 and 320. 
1903. Coquillett, D. W. A New Ephydrid from Australia. Entomologi- 
cal News, Philadelphia, XIV, 324. — 
Speiser, P. Hine Neue Dipterengattung mit rudimentaren Flugeln. 
Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, XLVIII, 65-67. 
1905. Aldrich, J. M. A Catalog of North American Diptera. Smith- 
sonian Miscellaneous Collections, XLVI, 623-631. 


CATALOGUE AND SYNOPSES. 


In giving a synopsis of this family whose members have such 
a wide geographical distribution, it is often a considerable 
task to bring the genera and species of the various authors into 
their proper relation to each other. The pattern of the thoracic 
macrochetz has been most constantly and consistently used 
by the German systematists as a distinguishing character and 
has reached its perfection in the slightly conventionalized 
drawings used by Professor Becker in his monograph of the 
family in the Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift for 1896, 
in which many of the genera are very briefly and concisely 
separated by this method. The fact that it has been largely 
overlooked by many English and American writers makes it 
quite difficult to define the generic limits of this family which 
is so well represented in both Europe and America, and. also 
renders uncertain to those not familiar with the specimens the 
exact relation of a new genus to those already established, not 


Vor, 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 169 


to mention the difficulty of effecting a compromise between 
the German and American synopses. 

A genus not included here was described by Marquart 
(38M411) under the name Blepharitarsis with a type species 
ornatus, which was figured in Dipteres (Planches Vol.), taf. 
34, fig. 5. There was a decided discrepancy, however, between 
the description and the figure, and the genus was left open to 
question in the later works of Low, von Roder, and Becker, 
and will probably never be settled without reference to the 
original type which was found in Africa and was in the 
cabinet of M. Viard when seen by Macquart. If there is a 
distinctive mark of this genus at present available it is prob- 
ably the long bristles of the hind tarsi. 

Another genus, Pegophila, was described by Rondani (56R129) 
with a type species meridionalis, but it differs from Notiphila 
only in the possession of a somewhat shorter second longitudi- 
nal vein, and Professor Becker does not regard this as of 
generic value. 

A subfamily, Lipochaetinae, was established by Coquillett 
(96C220) with a single genus and species, Lipochaeta slossonae, 
to accommodate some specimens taken in Florida. The follow- 
ing year this insect was relegated to the family Agromyzidae, 
subfamily Ochthiphilinae, by Professor Williston (97W7). 
Mr. Townsend, in describing his species texensis, states that it: 
belongs to the genus Lvpochacta, but differs from slossonae 
in that ‘“‘the head is even broader than the thorax, clypeus 
projects fully the length of the face, front almost as wide but 
usually narrower than the oral opening, scutellum one third to 
one half as long as thorax, claws slender, a little elongate but 
not large or stout. The third and fourth veins converge toward 
their tip, but not strongly so.’’ Every one of these characters, 
except the last, are given by Coquillett as generic and not 
specific, and every one differs from Mr. Townsend’s species. 
Suppose this insect belongs to the genus Lipochaeta, even 
though the description makes this impossible, then the only 
specific difference we have is the following: 

‘““The third and fourth veins strongly converging toward 


TEA Pid S28. i. 5 2 UN ah sd aAg airs cua? slossonae Coq. 
‘“The third and fourth veins converge toward their tips, but 
EMIT LALO Sel og ic ac a Sd Kin tone eden texensis Towns.’’ 


2—E 


170 Unwersity of California Publications, [ENntomoLoey 


In a family where so many discrepancies already exist I 
think we may be pardoned for not accepting one so marked as 
this. 

The exact limits of this family and of several others that 
rank under the general terms of Calyptrate and Acalyptrate 
Muscide, are certainly becoming very indefinite as new genera 
and species are added, and it is to be hoped by students of 
Dipterology that some authority will revise these at an early 
date and that when certainly defined descriptions of both new 
and old forms be published, always under the name of the 
family to which they belong rather than the more general 
term, under which many of them may be overlooked in giving 
the synopsis of a single family. 


KEY TO SUBFAMILIES. 


_1. Discoidal and hind basal cells united, anal cell lacking: auxiliary 
vein uniting at its extremity with the first longitudinal ; 

third antennal joint more or less flat, not rounded....... 2 
Discoidal and hind basal cells distinct, anal cell present; 
auxiliary vein separate from the first longitudinal through- 


out; third antennal segment rounded........... Canacenae 

2. Second joint of the antennz unguiculated, or at least outer side 

of middle tibise with a few strong bristles....Notiphilinae 

Second antennal joint not unguiculated, outer side of middle 
tibie. without’) bristles s/o. 30. ck ae ae tae eee 3 

3. Oral opening small, eyes with distinct hairing, seldom with 

indistinct: :hairing..5 os. sank. yee cee ee Hydrellinae 

Oral opening large, eyes without visible hairing....Ephydrinae 


KEYS TO GENERA. 
Subfamily NOTIPHILINAE. 


1. Second joint of antennze with short, spinous bristle at the 
anterior: upper © @md i) af)... eas creel g sl wei ali 8 
Second joint of antenne without spinous bristles ............. 
. Costal vein reaches to tip of third longitudinal................ 
Costal vein reaches to tip of fourth longitudinal............... 
Costal vein reaches beyond fourth longitudinal................ 
Mas Eb 0 1b ea. fe puniteee lait s tues ie ad ‘.eeeee--Ptilomyia Coquillett 
. Tip of male abdomen with elongated bristles. .Dichaeta Meigen 
Tip of male abdomen without elongated bristles. .Notiphila Fallen 
4, Head yarn deep. concavity at base of antenne................ 
sig etek Be Ridece eee) Ge a RL Ree ee Parephydra Coquillett 
Head without deep concavity at: base of .antenns@. : 7)... owen 5 
“Abdomen ‘broad, 7flath ) ete oles ee eee ate ...Discomyza Meigen 
Abdomen: not. broad feces 5 227 Seislened sk ference a ee ie a ee 6 


bo 
_ 
m Co bo 


Go 


on 


* 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 


“] 


. Third joint of antennz lenticular. eed Discocerina Macquart 


Third joint of antennez not noticeably lenticular............... 


. Upper side of intermediate tibise with a few long bristles...... 


Upper side of intermediate tibize without long bristles......... 


. Wings with a costal spine, posterior transverse vein perpendic- 


ular, legs not prolonged, clypeus prominent. .Paralimna Low 
Wings without costal spine, posterior transverse vein oblique, 
legs prolonged, clypeus hardly showing. .Corythophora Liw 


eecanvennal /aristat naked) 3 e222 suse lew in. Gymnopa Fallen 
Pe ULL Sea risca. NOt TA KOC Am menan yi kets ues uaa tide Sccareie a netememate 

10. Abdomen sharply edged, first and fifth segments greatly short- 
SHE INeHOLN SekeRt tra Wea hae Pee Bee Trimerina Macquart 
Abdomen not sharply edged, fifth segment not noticeably short- 
ened, or shortened only in the males...............0-0008% 

11. Upper part of face flat, not carinate............ Psilopa Fallen 
Hier part “of tace more? or less carinates i.e ee. ee. bl 

12. First and fifth abdominal segments shortened in the males.... 
All abdominal segments distinct in both sexes................ 

13. Prescutellar bristle wanting, only one sternopleural bristle.... 
PRPs WR A eS G8 a ONES CS Seo SR Lee WES BOTA Hecamede Haliday 

Two prescutellar bristles, two sternopleural bristles........ 
een Le an SAE os. cs wd las Lloce Bie ocere ew ke Allotrichoma Becker 


14. Clypeus prominent beneath the oral margin...Athyroglossa Liw 
Clypeus hidden or projecting but little beyond the oral margin. . 

15. Epistoma arched, with only one lateral bristle.............. 
on ie ade Ui Atl hee Sn Rete iE ea Ie a Ephygrobia Schiner 
Hpistoma either slightly concave or kieled above, more than one 
SAC R OPEN bo Wily i a UE MMs 9 sails a nee sc ON Se oA Rs hg RF See 

16. Thorax with one supraalar bristle........ Clasiopa Stenhammar 
Thorax with three supraalar bristles...... Paratissa Coquillett 
EET ST CEEOL UTITTAER cD) ters ct, 5 WL (a oder phic ole cael 6, ed lncios oice"di a, ag eh ire rt 
Pee SMOTIALPOOT APLICIMIOU CAT V crite © diel ire vere wig ev. 608 Wid vie tis a oe ethee! wines 

18. Hind femora thickened and first joint of tarsi very long........ 
MR NCR OE IE 2 FIER id el AE Oe EO Amalopteryx Eaton 

Hind femora not greatly thickened and first joint of tarsi normal 

19. Abdomen decidedly arched, pointed, first longitudinal vein long, 
PEC POLO eS IF OTUICY cate aes. ales she sine soars Cnestrum Becker 
Abdomen not decidedly arched or pointed, first longitudinal vein 

PELE deEL EERE ae eT Ae ear ts ak ole, ace al ea ewlala a Dele 2% Wes wy Mere: & 

20. Eyes haired, costal vein with two bristles at junction of first 
PORRACUCAIIAT + Fiaiaraisarnieleg eid 5 ani eisie ge Ea wie Atissa Haliday 

Tovese NO Keds COSLA,s WILHOUE BDITIOS sii. ciendie ocd wis wi eys Giana sey ly 

21. Epistoma with a nose-like ridge above........ Ilythea Haliday 
Epistoma arched above, or without nose-like protuberance...... 

Zen .eepistoma,. decidedly arched; ..0.2..4....05+> Philotelma, Becker 
USL OU REE OLE COCIORULY. SOLCUECO ochucsts, «ps, 4/sls o/c, lalate els s)Sialeis Shares « 
23. One small fronto-orbital bristle on each side, tibise without 
bristles, oral opening small........ Beckeriella Williston 

Two fronto-orbitals on each side, all of the tibise with a row 

of bristle-like hairs on the outer side, oral opening of 
PIQUER LOMIBIZE fel. tate eg fa itn aoe eres tenes Gastrops Williston 

24. Wings short, scaly, halteres small............ Apetaenus Haton 


Wings rudimentary, clothed with hairs, halteres of usual size. .... 
Pea emeest stereo oe We ey etre a ke ae wen are Chamaebosca Speiser 


171 


Cc & =| 


10 


jai pa 
oo Wy 


=r 
pfs 


15 


16 


18 
24 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


172 University of California Publications. ENTOMOLOGY 


Subfamily HYDRELLINAE. 
1. Byes’ thickly ' pubescent .¢ nye. 2c 85. eveeh i deslee Gain eae OE ee 


Kyes sparsely pubescent or bares «6s ss sai eciw ss 4 Va ole oe Se 4 
2. Back of thorax without evident machrochiete, antennal arista 
bare or feebly pubescent............. Glenanthe Haliday 
Back of thorax with distinct dorso-central machrochetez........ 3 
Oy AEC BOON VOR Oo) is nahi Oey aie ie ae Hydrellia Rob.-Desy. 
Mace faliehthy concave; .si.4 wee ceo ee a Nostima Coquillett 
4. Costal vein extending to third longitudinal...... Axysta Haliday 
Gostal vein extending to fourth longitudinal. ........ .2 fees 5 
5. Thorax with three pairs of dorso-central and two noto-pleural 
machrocheete, sides of face without bristles............ 
sits & } TRG OE nals Ee Ree fee Philygria Stenhammar 


Thorax with only one pair of dorso-central machrochets and 
always one noto-pleural machrocheta, sides of face with 
bristles ai sah Acdsee BAe ae we ee Hyadina Haliday 


Subfamily EPHYDRINAE. 


1.- Clypeus - projecting, 2.0.5... s~ step 1s Sh cubs «6 es oi rst ig een ‘ 
Clypeus “Didden suse os 0 scene «oss Fonya teens sips oy OueeenD yams 
4s Oral opening + sialic mimic donde eens eee aes oe pe delve» SEUL § e 
Oral - opening large. bs ode os as Wes le scete steed <<. otehet oer acne an 
. Front femora much thickened, first posterior cell narrowed at the 
border. o£ “the, wind 422. hewerok Caner en Ochthera Latreille 
Front femora moderately thickened, third and fourth veins 
Parauel 5k. ws ws abla eee eee eee Ochtheroidea Williston 
Front femora: not. thickened... .:..0. sie). % «0 sa + = 2 ky sec 4 
4. Hind legs long, extremity of proboscis bent back to form a hook 
Se ae era ee ETA SA Cg ee sed Ectropa Schiner 
Hind legs not lengthened, extremity of proboscis not hook-shaped 
5. Anterior part of mesonotum without bristles....Pelina Haliday 
Anterior ‘part of mesonotum ‘with bristleg....75.... 229). eee 6 

6. Third joint of antennz with an obtuse carina above.......... 

Sky enact ge viteslenn, ete ve eae te ee ee Lytogaster Iecker 

Third joint of antennsz nearly round, large...... Domina Hutton 

. Costal vein reaches to third longitudinal...Brachydeutera Low 
Costal vein reaches to fourth longitudinal................... 8 

8. Oral margin with several erect bristles laterally, auxiliary vein 

distinct from the first longitudinal throughout, thorax with 

five distinct dorso-central machrochete..Halmopota Haliday 

Oral margin without bristles laterally, auxiliary vein coalescing 

with the first longitudinal except at its proximal end, thorax 

with only two to three dorso-central machrochete..... ae 

NR OO EES ty eg et oh Parydra Haliday 

9. Claws almost straight, pulvilli indistinect...... Ephydra Fallen 
Claws curved, pulvillt distinct) 22s... cms lees oy oe 10 
10..,Costal ‘vein reaches to third longitudinal? .”. ....... 2... aces 11 
' Costal vein reaches to fourth longitudinal.................... 12 

11. Thorax with only a pair of humeral -machrochetz in front.... 

PL SES RECT SE oS 0 a ee Scatophila Becker 

Thorax with four rows of bristles extending to the anterior part 

SP a ANd APD MRE OR ME pr BP arr Otic Pelomyia Williston 


iw) 


aw Ooh 


Oo 


pe 


~| 


VoL. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 173 


12. Antennal arista bare, first antennal joint forming an angle with 


the second and third’. .sfeeunar acs Teichomyza Macquart 
Antennal arista not bare, segments not forming an angle....... 13 

13. Antennal arista pubescent............ Scatella Rob.-Desvoidy 
Antennal. arista pectinated.<....2:.......+5. Rd dlcddbeiia asa goth. 14 

ia, Bemora not: Incrageated., . .ai antes sia Caenia Rob.-Desvoidy 


Femora slightly incrassated, metathorax elliptical, enormously 
developed, covering whole abdomen, legs short, stout, tibise 
curved, wings concealed beneath metathorax..Nomba Walker 


Subfamily CANACENAE. 


1. Hind basal and anal cells distinct, auxiliary vein separate from 
SiP eat Ley LEUNG) ANE a ct Heese aia ee cae 8 paved eee 6 Canace Haliday 


NOTIPHILINAE. 
PTILOMYIA Coguillett. Type enigma. 
enigma Cog. 00C262, 008309, 05A624. Porto Rico. 
DICHAETA Meigen. Type caudata. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1. Last abdominal segment comparatively short and blunt.... 


oo Ro eat a ek Se Ac Rt ne a ag ae oe brevicauda Low. 

Last abdeminal segment prolonged into a conical point or 
CCR Cre ie ene MINE te Le at ala Nis AG x ie ahi alee a ye oe ps 

2. Mesonotum with three indistinct brown vittme............ 

PCCM Ree Lee Gee ROTA SRO ee ek eb ETS furcata Coquillett. 

Mesonotum with one brownish and four whitish gray vitte 

en EAees Caled sie Meant eralh eras Ga see ate eae ae bs caudata Fallen. 


brevicauda Lw. 621133, 7808200, 95J3388, 965268, 
05A623. Middle States, New Jersey, Florida. 
caudata Fall. 621133, T80S200, 96B268, 02S8, 05A623. 
Middle States. 
furcata Cog. 02C182, 0282638. Florida. 
I2UROPEAN SPECIES. 

2. brevicauda Liy. 60L5, 6482386, 963108. Silesia. 

2. caudata Fall. 30M62, 448194, 53W251, 56R129, 60L5, 
648236, 96133103, Notiphila 23F8, 38Z717, 46Z1853. Whole 
of Kurope. 

tibialis Brule. 32M818, 96B104. Europe. 


NOTIPHILA Fallen. 


Nortim AMERICAN SPECIES. 


Tete ver PATt OF Bn ene FelloW cvs’ «cs eae Cee eRe Ch EP we es 2 
Third jont of antenne yellowish at base...decorata Williston. 
Third joint of antennee reddish or reddish yellow at base.... a 
Greater parc of aliteniie reddish..<.. sc... UE 2s 6 cave 6 


Antenns black throughout, or at least with third joint 
PEOMUISIES cis Lie Re eet rss ee Tee tae MAND, Ate eee GELS oak x tics 


=~ 


174 Uniersity of California Publications. |ENTOMOLOGY 
NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued. 

2. Pronotum with a median brownish vitta......... varia nN. sp. 
Pronotim without such vitta... 5) cc an eos virgata Coquillett. 

ot Palproplackish ci. cles 8 vinci gael tie Gin tee rier ee pulchrifrons Low. 
Paipi “yellowish sso wars SG occ ee een os a ete ora Ok eiep ere 

4. Upper side of thorax with broad brown lateral stripe........ 
et) add EAL ar pA PA Athi a Sev ace rhea ry ue La gh vittata Low. 
Upper: side of thorax without such stripe. ..2>... 222. see 

». Abdomen with irregular brownish semifasciz, each formed 
DYLEWO SPOtN lee a aye ee tees aie een Ce eee carinata Low. 
Abdomen with two brown spots on each of the intermediate’ 
serments iv. esas Sen ee A a SCN _.unicolor Liw. 
Abdomen dull, but without brown spots.......... avia Low. 

Go Palpi blackish. eh 0 pho fo kia eine. Se ee solita Walker. 
Paipi reddish ‘yellow 2:54 6%. om ets Cale ee erythrocera Low. 
Palpi hgtt Svellowes, ce os et eee eee bellula Williston. 

t SePalpisyellowish: 4 2.0.5. tesa 5 cca ek ee reo eee bella Low. 
“Palpi , blackish ©. 5 6... cb Se. .c 2s epeeiee Ce bite see ea 

8. Front with two black stripes separated by the ocellar triangle 
Se eae clere greek matin ot State a ae Seat eae wen acer ae decoris Williston. 

Front without sueh ‘stripes <<. 'F.)is <a © o's nce ween 

9. Hind metatarsi with a strong black bristle on the under side 
PE Sy ik a ONES A ahetn er URE eR gn eo macrochaeta Low. 

Hind metatarsi without such bristles....................-- 

10. Wings slightly notched at the end of the first longitudinal... . 
is tetas ct bCGbetatelentis fo. bore caw.» east enter ieee ne even producta Walker. 
Wings. without such notches... ..)..s.el.c04 <> ee ee 

11... Chest:with twoceray stripes;o..). «aca ane transversa Walker. 
Chest; without. such Stripes a. s/s. sles lectale eevee oie eee 

12. Upper side of thorax with five fine brown lines. ..scalaris Léw. 


Upper side.of thorax with fewer or no vitte......:....... 
SG Niicaiie egs Pec sate Ae eds By tee (ila WAN Wp sateen roe cles quadrisctosa Thomson. 
argentata. See Brachydeutera. 
avia Lw. 78L193, T80S200, 78K244, 96B268, 05A623. 
Hudson Bay Territory. 
bella Lw. 621133, 7S8OS200, 96B269, 05A623. Middle 
States. 
bellula Will. 96W890, 968291, 05A623. St. Vincent. 
brevicornis. See Hyadina nitida. 
carinata Lw. 621137, 7808200, 96B269, 05A628. Middle 
States, New Jersey. 
decorata Will. 96W8389, 968291, 05A623. St. Vincent. 
decoris Will. 93W258, 938231, 05A628. Panamint Valley 
(California). 
erythrocera Lw. 781194, 78K244. 78OS201, 96B269, 
05A628. Cuba. 
guttata. See Hyadina. 
guttata var. brevicornis. See Hyadina nitida. 
macrochaeta Lw. 78L192, T7T8OS200, 78IKK244, 96B269, 
05A623. Texas. 
producta Walk. 49W1099, 7808201, 96B266, 05A623. 
Hudson Bay. 
pulchrifrons Lw. 721102, 72L84, 72R389, T80S200, 
96B269, 97W52, 05A623.. Texas. 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 175 


NortTH AMERICAN SpEcIES—Continued. 

quadrisetosa Thoms. 681594, 70V442, T8OS200, 96B271, 
Q05A623. California. 

repleta. See Scutella. 

scalaris Lw. 621134, T8OS200, 96B268, 05A625. Middle 
States, New Jersey. | 

solita Walk. 56W406, 7T8OS201, 96B266, 05A623. United 
States. ; 

transversa Walk. 56W407, 780S201, 96B266, 05A623. 
United States. 

unicolor Lw. 621137, 64D559, T8OS200, 96B268, 054623. 
Middle States. 

varia nN. Sp. 

virgata Cog. 00C259, 008309, 054623. Porto Rico. 

vittata Lw. 6211386, 65L134, 7808200, 96B268, 05A623. 
Middle States, New Jersey. 


EX UROPEAN SPECIES. 


albicans. See Hecameda. 

albifrons. See Hydrellia nigricans. 

albilabris. See Hydrellia. 

annulipes Stenh. 448208, 60L7, 6482388, 96B118. Scan- 
dinavia, Germany, Silesia. 

aquatica Beck. 96B114, 968291. Silesia, Poland. 

australis Lw. 60L7, 648239, 96B110. Germany, Greece, 
Asia Minor, Italy. 

caesia. See Hydrellia. 

caudata. See Hydrellia. 

chalceata. See Clasiopa. 

chamaeleon Jbeck. 96B114, 968291. Pavia. 

cinerea Fall. 18F250, 23F8, 30M64, 35M521, 38Z717, 
448200, 46271855, 60L7, 648239, 96B112, Keratocera 
palustris B30RD788. Furope. 

compta. See Ephygrobia. 

concolor. See Hydrellia. 

discolor. See Hydrellia. 

dorsata Stenh. 44S198, 60L7, 648239, 96B113. Scandi- 
navia, Germany, Silesia. 

erythrostoma. See Hydrellia nigripes. 

flaviceps. See Hydrellia discolor. 

flavicornis. See Hydrellia. 

fulviceps. See Hydrellia. 

fusca. See Hydrellia. 

genicula. See Hydrellia. 

glabrata. See Ephygrobia. 

glaucella. See Clasiopa. 

grisea. See Hydrellia. 

griseola. See Hydrellia. 

guttiventris Stenh. 448206, 46Z1860, 60L7, 64S239, 
96B111. Seandinavia, Germany. 

incana. See Hydrellia ranunculi. 

incurva. See Discomyza. 

interstincta. See Philygria. 

laticeps. See Hydrellia. 


176 University of Califorma Publications, [ENTOMOLOGY 


[UROPEAN SPECIES—Continued. 

maculata Stenh. 448201, 46Z1862, 60L7, 648239, 96B111. 
Scandinavia, Germany, Silesia. 

madigans. See Trimerina nigella. 

major Stenh. 448196, 46Z1857, 96B111. Sweden. 

mutata. See Hydrellia. 

nigrella. See Psilopa. 

nigricauda. See Philygria. 

nigricornis Stenh. 448202, 60L6, 648287, 96B109. Scan- 
dinavia, Germany, Austria. 

nigripes. See Hydrellia. 

nymphaeae. See Hydrellia. 

obscurella. See Clasiopa. 

picta. See Philydra. 

pilitarsis. See Hydrellia. 

plumosa. See Clasiopa. 

punctinervosus. See Philygria. 

punctipennis Wied... 30W590, 96B266. TEurope. 

riparia Meig. 380M65, 35M522, 448204, GOLT, 648288, 
96B112. Scandinavia, France, England, Germany, 
Silesia, Asia Minor. 

stagnicola Stenh. 35M522, 448197, 46Z1854, 60L6, 6482389, 
96B109, Keratocera 30RD789. Scandinavia, Germany, 
Silesia. 

tarsata. See uliginosa. 

uliginosa Halid. 39H922, 60L6, 6482387, 96B109, tarsata 
448207. England, Scandinavia, Austria. 

venusa Lw. 56155, 60L7, 648238, 96B112. Scandinavia, 
Germany, Austria, Silesia. 

vittipennis. See Philygria. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 

albiventris Wied. 30W589, 96B266. East Indies. 

alboclavata Bigot. 88B41, 888295, 96B272. Cape Horn. 

bipunctata Lw. 62112, 96B268. Swakop. 

brasiliensis Walk. 56W408, 96B266. Brazil. 

carbonaria Walk. 60W169, 65D6638, 96B26S8. New 
Guinea. 

chinensis Wied. 380W592, 96B266. China. 

ciliata v. d. Wulp. 81W55, 81K253, 96B271. Sumatra. 

costalis Walk. 56W408, 96B266. Brazil. 

difficilis Wied. 380W591, 96B266. South America. 

dorsopunctata Wied. 380W591, 91W215, 928201, 96B266. 
Hast Indies. 

exotica Wied. 30W590, 96B266. Montevideo. 

fasciata Wied. 30W589, 96B266. Hast Indies. 

flavilinea Walk. 60W170, 96B268. Celebes. 

granifera Thoms. 687594, 96B271. Insula Rossi. 

ignobilis Lw. 62112, 96B268. Cape of Good Hope, 
Swakop. 

immaculata Wied. 380W592, 96B266. China. 

indica Wied. 30W591, 96B266. Hast Indies. 

insularis Grims. 01G49, 018273. Oahu (Sandwich 
Islands). . 


~ 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 17 


OTHER CouNTRIES—Continued. 
lineosa Walk. 60W4170, 96B267. Celebes. 
obscuricornis Lw. 62112, 966268. Swakop. © 
ortaloides Walk. 60W169, 64D559, 65D668, 96B268. 

Mysol. 
peregrina Wied. 30W592, 96B266. China. 

. pulchrifrons Will. 9TW5, 978265. Brazil. 
quadrifasciata Walk. 6OW170, 96B267. Celebes. 
radiatula Thoms. 687595, 70V442, 96B271. China. 
sinensis Schin. 688241, 68D374, 83K251, 96B273. 

Hongkong. 
smaragdi Walk: 49W1098, 96B266. Sierra Leone. 
sternalis Thoms. 687593, T0V442, 96B271. Manila. 
striata Will. 97W5, 978265. Brazil. 
triangulifera Schin. 688241, 68D374, 96B273. South 
America. 

. unicolor Walk. 60W169, 96B268. Mysol. 

unilineata Walk. 60W169, 65D663, 96B268. New Guinea. 


to 


bo 


PAREPHYDRA Coquillett. Type humilis. 
humilis Coq. 02C183, 05A626. 


DISCOMYZA Meigen. Type incurva. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


Pepe bevTilies  HENOWISM LEM sii. skews e's deen awe Hie balioptera Liéw. 
PALTATOTERIS: (LAC EON Ee Eee 7.U ace ah cece! ich din cyadeg mnt eee 6 dubia Williston. 
balioptera Lw. 621140, 78OS201, 96B268, . 05A624. 

Cuba. 


dubia Will. 96W392, 968290, 05A624. St. Vincent. 


I,UROPEAN SPECIES. 
; cimiciformis Halid. 38H124, 88G99, 888295, 9613129. 
Germany, Ireland, East coast of Hurope. 
incurva Fall. 30M76, 35M529, 448265, 60L8, 64B718, 
64D559, 82B14, 82K 252, 96B129, Psilopa 23F6, 46271941, 
Notiphila 648241. Germany, North and Middle Europe, 
Britain. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 
amabilis Kertez. 01K421, 018272. Singapore. 
obscurata Walk. 60W169, 96B267. Philippines. 
pelagica Frnfld. 61F451, 96B273. Nikobara. 
punctipennis v. d. Wulp. 81W56, 81K253, 96B271. 
Sumatra. 
tenebrosa Walk. 60W169, 65D663, 96B267. New Guinea. 


DISCOCERINA Macquart. Type leucoprocta. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


PROP bit 4Obs CY OWE y SHINING fre. ef ess we nuns vs orbitalis Low. 
DE Dite Ore Oren ator Sinine WP WHILG SG... cis ose awe sa we nd aan ee ve 
2 ee DUOMO DIRE ER Er OaMt ECR DARE. pats vs ccp ace ’es, ao @ 0) oe sieve 0 0 die ate 3 
A DOU GIRS TIO ER I HOR OL IERDEON Nrece Ga cs cic tind & ee Ok ele ees we a ole 8 


178 


Unwersity of Califorma Publications, [ENtomoLocy 


NortTH AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued. 


3. 


4. 


6. 


| 


o) 


Last segment of abdomen white or silvery gray.............. 
Last segment ‘of “abdomen” not’ whiteyor io. oss eee eee 
Last segment and front angles of the two preceding segments of 
abdomen whitish pruinose............... incisa Coquillett. 
White confined entirely to last segment of abdomen........ 
5g eee a at eae eae eee vc tie bP ate wet eerc teens Mei ae leucoprocta Low. 

. Face silvery gray with a medium black stripe. .nana Williston. 
Face‘uniform in colori. ooo4 ors eos elle ee ee ee 
Face vaulted, oral opening very large...... facialis Williston. 
Oral opening of moderate Sizes. 6. 5 oe ue eee enn ne 

. Thorax black, ‘shining through brownish dust.............. 
Dee Sle iA NAN cays a titacyooh en, obscura Williston. 
Thorax: ash: gray; “opadue...... -. - ss e ae parva Léw. 
Antennz reddish yellow, third joint a little infuscated on the 
Apical “MAPS INTs. Viste ea ieee arte ote eee lacteipennis Low. 
Antenne black, a whitish pollinose dot on the upper edge of 
the second’ joint. sin. sie Sees eS eee. ae simplex Low. 


calceata. See Clasiopa. 

compta. See Ephygrobia. 

facialis Will. 96W396, 968290, 05A626. St. Vincent. 

incisa Cog. 02C182, 028268, 054626. Porto Rico. 

lacteipennis Lw. 621145, T8OS201, 96B268, O5A626. 
Washington (I). C.), New Jersey. 

leucoprocta Lw. 611355, 621.148, 7808201, 96B269, 
96W395, 00C261, 05A626. Maryland. 

nigritella. _See Ephygrobia. 

nana Will. 96W396, 96S290, 054626. St. Vincent. 

obscura Will. 96W397, 968290, 05A626. St. Vincent. 

obscurella. See Clasiopa. 

orbitalis Lw. 611354, 65L91, 62L147, 7808201, 96B369, 
054626. Washington (D. C.). 

parva Lw. 621146, 7808201, 96B268, 000261, 00H592, 
05A626. Washington (D. C.), Florida. 

pulicaria. See Clasiopa. 

simplex Lw. 611354, 62L147, T8OS201, 96B369, 05.4626. 
Maryland. 


PARALIMNA Low. Type appendiculata. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


if 


Face2brownish) gray - 45s ee ee obscura Williston. 
Fade! grayish *whitew ici. se ste es nepal ek Bie ee 
Face yellowish: white. 574+.) <cs Swe ee eel Oe gen eee ee 
First joint of front tarsi at base and first joint of hind tarsi 


rs Pc See A Aa WE a appendiculata Low. 
First joint of front and hind tarsi concolorous or yellowish 
multipunetata Williston. 


. Thorax black, antenne black throughout....... decipiens Low. 


Thorax with grayish pruinosity, third antennal joint yellow 
os gt EIRRe TS SEL Aap acute Catahe tt a At erate nuda Coquillett. 
appendiculata Lw. 621188, 7808201, 953338, 96B268, 

05A624. Middle States, New Jersey. 


i 


~] 


ie we) 


°. 
“~ 


Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 179 


NorRTH AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued. 

decipiens Lw. 781195, 7808201, 78244, 96B270, 000259, 
05A624. Texas, Georgia, Florida. 

multipunctata Will. 96W2390, 968291, 05A624. St. Vin- 
cent. 

nuda Cog. 02C182, 028264, 05A624. Mexico. 

obscura Will. 96W391, 968291, 054624. St. Vincent, 
Porto Rico. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 
2. appendiculata Lw. 621138, 96B115. Germany. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 
albonotata Lw. 62113, 96B268. Caffraria. 
confluens Lw. 62113, 96B268. Caffraria. 
javana v. d. Wulp. 91W215, 928302, 96B271. Java. 
limbata Lw. 621138, 96B268. Caffraria. 
picta Kert. 01K428, 0182738. New Guinea. 


CORYTHOPHORA Low. Type longipes. 
longipes Lw. 621138, 96B116, 968290. Caffraria. 


GYMNOPA Fallen. Type subsultans. 

aenea. See subsultans. 

albipennis Lw. 48114, 96B127. Germany, Messina. 

nigra. See subsultans. 

subsultans Fabr. 48L13, 56R128, 648234, 96B127, 
migra 30M137, aenea 238F10, 30M137,- Ulida 46Z2679, 
arcuata 35M505, Syrphus 1798F304, Mosillus arcuatus 
1809L389, Glabrinus mororum 56R132. Europe. 


TRIMERINA Macquart. Type Psilopa madizans Meig. 
nigella Meig. 60L8, 648240, 94B117, madizans 35M529, 
Notiphila 30M72, Psilopa 23F7, nigella 448263. Ger- 
many, North and Middle Burope. 
tibialis Macq. 385M528, 96B117. Europe. 


PSILOPA Fallen. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1. Entire legs, including the coxe, yellow....mellipes Coquillett. 


eT OTC DC] Va CROW rae oy ofe!'s's, sacar aay «6.44 og ‘ye 4 se ane ae ees ves 
2. Thorax black anteriorly, posterior part scoriaceous........ 
aay Bt Re ied dle Scie che pale © 6 2 re nee 8COTIACED. LOW. 
Mesonotum of thorax deep brown......... desmata Williston. 
Mesonotum and scutellum subopaque, slightly scabrous, thinly 
Pre Oa EIT eae one Weta lie a are wbhehb dials similis Coquillett. 


Mesonotum and scutellum thinly yellowish dusted......... 
nigrimana Williston. 

Mesonotum and scutellum yellowish, usually polished...... 
See TI Ae ee ROPE ITS Se eeeiies, Bs aie 4.5. os flavida Coquillett. 


© 670 6) me 6 © SEO t 6 616 10 60.66 6 6 0 6 0 0.4 Oo 6 & 0:6 0 10-0, ue & 0 


Mesonotum and scutellum gray or dusted with gray......... a 
Mesonotum and scutellum green or tinged with green....... Ai 
6 


Meésanotum ana seutellan:  blackin iw soar eS eh Sees srs 


180 Unversity of Califorma Publications. |#NromoLoey 
NortH AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued. 
3. Abdomen shining steel blue,............. coeruleiwwentris Léw. 
Abdomen black.....).:.. De eee eee eee eee ee eens 4 
4 Antenne (reddish: vellow.. genrtks tee toes naan: umbrosa Low. 
Antenne black: (iss.mseecec a. sr eon ae nee nigra Williston. 
5. Elypopyginm Mwnite 5c soats ceiik dares tus Bitar oe ee nobilis Low. 
Hypopye2ium « not ite aie wk pas rece oe. sans ee re 6 
6. Hirst joint of ‘anterior tarsi wititer. 40.65 aoe pulchripes Low. 
First joint of anterior tarsi not white...... varipes Coquillett. 
Te JLHOTSXx DUeLY SCICUIALG: ot ae eats eee eee aciculata Low. 
Thorax noti finely acienlate: <i... fe.s0% sich sp mths eet es 3 
8. A minute blackish spot at the tip of the third vein.......... 
See aia sta SEI Pes ts Lee (he eC a nigropuncta Williston. 
No black spot at) tip. of ‘third vein 2s: ....c, | ou 5 & pee 9 
9.. Halteres white), petiole blackish? ;;.....< «un sume atra Low. 
-Halteres white, petiole yellowish.......... petrolei Coquillett. 
Petiole of halteres concolorous’.:: .2. Ue. . 2s 2 ose eee eee 10 
10. Entire abdomen shining black............... nitidula Fallen. 
Abdomen with a greenish reflection........... atrimana Low. 
Abdomen black, dull toward the tip......... aenea-nigra Low. 


aciculata Lw. 621142, 7T8OS201, 96W394, 96B268, 97W4, 
00C260, O5A624. Cuba. 

aenea-nigra Lw. T7S8L196, 7T8K244, 78OS201, 05A624. 
Texas. 

atra Lw. 621148, T8OS201, y6B268, OVA624. Middle 
States. 

atrimana Lw. 78L197, 78K244, 7808201, 05A625. 
Texas, New Jersey. 

coeruleiventris Lw. 620144, T8O0S201, 96B268, 05A625. 
Cuba. 

desmata Will. 96W395, 968291, 05A625. St. Vincent. 

flavida Cog. 00C33, 008310, 054625. Massachusetts. 

mellipes Coq. 000260, 054625. Porto Rico. 

nigra Will. 96W393, 968291, 05A625. St. Vincent. 

nigrimana Will. 96W393, 968296, 97W4, O00C260, 
O5A625. St. Vineent, Porto Rico. 

nigropuncta Will. 96W393, 968291, 05A625. St. Vin- 
cent. 

nitidula Fall. 18F252, 05A625, Notiphila 49W1089, Lphy- 
grobia 96B266. Martin ralls (Canada). 

nobilis Lw. 62L229, 72L92, 7T8OS201, 05A625. District of 
Columbia. 

petrolei Cog. 99C8, 99C&H235, 99H75, 998240, O5A625. 
California. 

pulchripes Lw. 78L197, T8244, T8OS201, 05A625. 
Texas. 

scoriacea Lw. 621142, T8OS201, 96B268, 05A625. New 
York, New Jersey. 

similis Coq. 00033, 008310, 05A625. Florida, Louisiana. 

umbrosa Lw. 621143, 7808201, 96B268, 054625. Cuba. 

varipes Coq. 900338, 008310, 054625. British Columbia. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 


apicalis. See Ephygrobia. 
compta. See Ephygrobia. 
girschneri. See Ephygrobia. 


Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. — 181 


EUROPEAN SpEectrs—Continued. 


leucostoma. See Ephygrobia. 

nigrotaeniata Bezzi (Diasemocera new subgenus). 95B137, 
9583844. Italy. 

madzans. See Trimerina nigrella. 

marginella. See Ephygrobia. 

maritima. See Ephygrobia. 

nigrella. See Trimerina. 

nitidula Fall. 188252, 28F7, 448261, 46Z1932, Hydrellia 
Notiphila 49W1098, 60L10, 89R56, Hphygrobia 645242, 
96B148. Silesia, South Russia, Sarepta. See also 
Ephygrobia compta. 

obscuripes. See Ephygrobia. 

polita. See Ephygrobia. 

rodert. See Ephygrobia. 

tarsata. See Ephygrobia. 

OTHER COUNTRIES. 
metallica Schin. 688242, 97W4. Brazil. 


HECAMEDE Haliday. Type albicans. 

abdominalis. See Allotrichoma. 

albicans Meig. 39H224, 583W254, 56W344, 60L13, 96B121, 
Notiphila 30M65, 3824760, Clasiopa globifera. 52B204. — 
Coast of Europe. 

aurella Strohl. 9388256, 988821. Styria. 

glaucella. See Clasiopa. 

xanthocera. See Clasiopa. 


ALLOTRICHOMA Becker. Type lateralis. 
NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
abdominalis Will. 97W4, 00C260, 05A624, Hecamede 
96W398. St. Vincent. 
IMUROPEAN SPECIES. 
bezzi Beck. 96B123,.96S290. Italy. 
filiformis Beck. 96B123, 968290. Sarepta, Italy. 
lateralis Lw. 60118, 96B122. Italy, Sicily. 
trispinum Beck. 96B124, 968290. Silesia, Malta. 
OTHER COUNTRIES. 
2. abdominalis Will. O00C260. Brazil. 


ATHYROGLOSSA Loéw. Type glabra. 


Norrm AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1. Tarsi white, except the last segments, which are brown...... 


ee Carer hla so bin a. ate Sielwiel anv 0 bly ee Taneal ater glaphyropus Low. 
PEE MMLC COs oS Uso ea o« <u 0050 dle RAE A ek els ies es 2 

SPAY Vel TIM Th O LI TRC sic oc ols. oda of Sel d weatere qiape eats wits glabrata Meigen. 

Wineseribeed With, brOWD:.. 0. ais co arene ate nitida Williston. 


glabrata Meig. 56W254, 60112, 648254, 96B134, 054625, 
Notiphila 30M69. Washington. 

glaphyropus Lw. 781198, 7808202, 78K244, 96B270, 
05A626. Texas. 

nitida Will. 96W397, 968290, 00C260, 05A626. St. Vin- 
cent, Porto Rico. 


182 - University of California Publications. |ENTomMoLocY 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. . 
glabra Meig. 30M69, 583W254, 60L12, 648245, 96B134. 
Germany, Silesia. 
nudiuscula Lw. 73L307, 738R426, 73L50, 96B134. 
Hungary, Kasan. 
ordinata Beck. 96B135, 968290. Orsova. 


EPHYGROBIA Schiner. Type nitidula. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 

apicalis Perris. 6458242, 965138, Hydrellia 47P494, Psilopa 
60L9, 89R56. Germany, France. 

compta Meig. 30M68, 6482438, 96B148, Discomyza var. 
B. nitidula 448261, Psilopa 46Z1932, Hydrellia compta 
35M524, Psilopa 60L56, 89R56. EHurope, Silesia. 

girschneri v. Rod. 96B141, Psilopa 89R55, 898287. 
Fundort, Saxony, Poland.’ 

leucostoma Meig. 6458248, 96B142, Notiphila 30M68, 
Hydrellia 85M524, Psilopa 448261, 46Z1936, 60L9, 89R56. 
Sweden, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Russia. 

marginella Fall. 96B139, Psilopa 23F7, 46Z1939, 55Z4762, 
Discomyza 448266. Europe. 

maritima Perris. 96B139, Hydrellia 47P494, Psilopa 
73L306, 89R56. France. 

nana Lw. 96B142, Psilopa 60L9, 89R56. Constantinople, 
Sylt Island. ; 

nigritella Stenh. 648242, 96B144, Discomyza 448262, 
Psilopa 46Z1935, 60L10, 89R56. Scandinavia, Germany, 
Austria, Silesia. 

nitidula. See Psilopa. 

obscuripes Lw. 96B144, Psilopa 60L10, S9R56, 948124. 
Greece, Asia Minor, Hungary. 

plumosa. See Clasiopa. 

' polita Macq. 648243, 96B144, Hydrellia 37M524; Psilopa 
60L10, 89R56, tarsata 46271934. North and Middle 
Europe, Silesia. 

roderi Girsch. 96B140, Psilopa 89G373, 91T244, 918275, 
Diasemocera nigrotaeniata 95B137. Fundort, France, 
Italy. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 
metallica Schin. 688242, 69D374, 96B2738. South 
America. 
nigricauda Bigot. 91B278, 918275. Canary Islands. 
pollinosa Kert. O1KS81, 018278. Singapore. 
singaporensis Kert. 01K81, 018273. Singapore. 


CLASIOPA Stenhammar. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 
aurifacies Strobl. 938255, 938820, 96B157. Styria, 
Silesia. | 
aurivillii- Beck.. 96B158, 968290. Sweden. 
bohemanni Beck. 96B159, 968290. Sweden. — 
brevipectinata Beck. 96B149, 968290. Norway. 


Vor, 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 183 


EUROPEAN Sprecites—Continued. 


calceata Meig. 6458244, 96B157, nigrina 448254, 46Z87, 
Notiphila 830M69, Discocerina 35M524, 60L11, var. 
flavoantennata OOS1, OOS308. North and Middle 
Kurope, Silesia. 

cinerella Stenh. 448251, 96B158. Germany, Sweden. 

costata Lw. 60L14, 96B160. Turkey, Asia Minor. 

coxalis Strobl. 98S253, 938320, 96B157. Styria. 

dimidiatipennis Strobl. 988255, 988320, 96B150. Styria. 

duplosetosa Beck. 96128162, 968290. Malta, Orsova. 

fulgida Beck. 96B156, 968290. Orsova. 

glabricula Fall. 448256, 648244, 96B152, WNotiphila 
13F 251, 23F10, 46Z1893. Silesia. 

glaucella Stenh. 448253, 96B160, Notiphila 46Z1883, 
Hecamede 60L14, 648245, 948126. Hungary, Sweden, 
Styria, Silesia. 

globifera. See Hecamede albicans. 

nigerrimana Strobl. 9388254, 988320, 96B151. Styria. 

nivea Beck. 96B151, 968290. Malta. Silesia. 

niveipennis Beck. 96B162, 968290. Silesia. 

obscurella Fall. 448254, 648244, 96B148, Notiphila 
18F251, 23F10, 30M78, Discocerina 60L11. North and 
Middle Europe. 

olivacea Beck. 96B155, 968290. Herkulesbad. 

palliditarsis Beck. 96B155, 96S290. Silesia. 

pallidula Stenh. 448257, 96B150. Scandinavia. 

plumosa Fall. 60L10, Hphygrobia 648242, 948125, 
96B150, Psilopa 23F9, 55227, longula 448259, Notiphila 
30M73. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

pulicaria Halid. 53W254, 96B155, fuscella 448256, 
46Z1893, Discomyza 39H224. Europe. — . 

xanthocera Lw. 96B161, Hecamede 69L58, aurella 
938250. Germany, The Alps, Silesia. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 
albitarsis v. d. Wulp. 81W56, 811K 253, 96B271. Sumatra. 


PARATISSA Cogquillett. Type pollinosa. 
pollinosa Will. 00C36, 05A626, Drosophila pollinosa 
96W404. Florida, St. Vincent. 


AMALOPTERYX Eaton. Type maritima. 
maritima Eaton. 75H58, 96B272. Kerguelen Islands. 


CNESTRUM Becker. Type lepidopes. 
lepidopes Beck. 96B118, 968290. Germany, Silesia. 


ATISSA Haliday. Type pygmaea. — 
durrenbergensis Lw. 641346, 64D512, 96B131. Thur- 
ingen. 
limosina Beck. 96B152, 968290. Norway, Christiania. 
pygmaea Halid. 33H174, 53W258, 648251, 89G223, 
898287, 96B131, ripicola 60L24. Germany, Ireland, Italy. 
ripicola. See pygmaea. 


184 University of California Publications. | HNTomoLocy 


ILYTHEA Haliday. Type spilota. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


1. Legs brownish black with yellow rings at the knees.......... 
ain (Geren AIG sia co 8 GTR TOUT RLY Flee eiaue ete’ ce eRnTS teh et spilota Curtis. 


Legs yellow, the tips of the tarsi brownish. ./flavipes Williston. 
flavipes Will. 96W4038, 97W4, O00C260, 05A625. St. 


Vincent, Porto Rico. 
?oscitans Walk. S57W2338, TSOS262, 96B268, 00C260, 
05A625. United States. 


See Ephydra and Scatella. 
spilota Curt. 60L37, 7808204, 054625. North America. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 
2. spilota Curt. 3204138, 53W264, 648263, 96B133, notata 
448186. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 


PHILOTELMA Becker. Type anomala. 
anomala Beck. 96B164, 9658291. Kohlfurter Moor 


(Silesia). 


BECKERIELLA Williston. Type bispinosa. 
bispinosa Thoms. 97W2, 978265, Hphydra_ bispinosa 


68T593, 70V442, 96B271. Rio de Janeiro. 


GASTROPS Williston. Type niger. 


1. Antenne red, third joint at tip and on upper part black.... 
pisces Piss Si king 8 4s 'e.0 Wee heels Para at Saharan niger Williston. 


Antenne, except upper edge and sometimes broad apex of third 
Toint’ Vellow 20. Bene ete See ee nebulosus Coquillett. 


nebulosus Cog. 00C34, 05A624. North Carolina, Georgia. 
niger Will. 97W3, 978265, 05A624. Grenada (W. I.), 


Rio Janeiro. 


APETAENUS HEaton. Type litoralis. 
litoralis Eaton. 75E58, 96B272. Kerguelen Islands. 


CHAMAEBOSCA §Speiser. Type microptera. 
microptera Speis. O3S67. Chile. 


Nore.—Mr. Coquillett seems to have recognized that the species oscitans 
(Walker) belongs in this genus (00C260). In Smith’s Catalog of New 
Jersey species it is placed in Scatella. The original Walker description, 
which places it in Ephydra, does not make the generic characters suffi- 
ciently certain. It appears that Coquillett or Johnson (Smith’s Catalog) 

“should give us a description of this species by which an agreement might 

“}e reached in regard to its generic relations. If an Ilythea, oscitans 
differs from both spilota and flavipes in that the antennal arista is bare, 
while in the former there are six to eight rays and in the latter eight. 


Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 
HYDRELLINAE. 
GLENANTHE Haliday. Type ripicola. 
- fuscinervis Beck. 96B165, 968291. Norway. 
ripicola Halid. 391404, 53W258, 60L16, 648246, 96B165. 
Europe. 
HYDRELLIA Robineau-Desvoidy. Type griseola. 
NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1 DOviTeeree ee VeLIG Was Fe ee os ee ete ko hes gilvipes Coquillett. 
JEEPS TS cay Sib Be Tek ge se Ue oe cl a a 
DO CALA OLR ERT COME ELLO WS cori ele ok Puc See aes pulchra Williston. 
Only the anterior coxe yellow........°........%. ischiaca Low. 
None of the coxe yellow....... REO Ce te eal aR ORNs fo ia 
DUM AGRO IMIN Se WHER cen? 00 hs cas ee tee ee PIE Mak formosa Liw. 
Neen PAY WY Va TIA LC a tert TS ood ns. o (wale ita) ears efese ey wo 0 hypoleuca Liw. 
eae AEE I aig og waist sata, She ke Bigs wae Mee a eS nes wee ae nt 
Face dark yellow, narrow, much widened below............ 
eet oe ba ea ee a i ee a ae scapularis Low 
MCORDrOWiisi-DIdCK ODAMIUG. . oo is oe. E tino Kelece C aec ees eden 
4. Face rather broad, but little widened pare nate valida Low. 
Face narrow, much dilated below as in scapularis.......... 
ee a ee te BI to i's fo Ah wos ws we a tie eh aheels conformis Low. 
35. Abdomen brownish metallic green, somewhat glossy. 
a ee Seen at 2 hs Sis a wie k's ols Mw ate etate oaks Rescurine® Low. 
Abdomen uiaer but little shining, thinly grayish dusted...... 
oe pet OO hea ee a Pa parva Williston. 


apicalis. See Ephygrobia. 

compta. See Ephygrobia. 

conformis Lw. 69L41, 72L73, 69D444, T8O08202, 96B270, 
05A626. Newport (R. I.): 

formosa Lw. 611355, 621154, 65L94, 7T8OS202, 96B270, 
00H593, 05A626. Pennsylvania. 

gilvipes Coq. 00C261, 008309, 05A627. Porto Rico. 

hypoleuca Lw. 621151, . T80S202, 96B269, 05A627. 
Middle States. 

ischiaca Lw. 621150, 7808202, 96B269, 05A627. Middle 
States. 

maritima. See Ephygrobia. 

nitidula. See Psilopa. 

obscuripes Lw. 621152, 7T8O0S202, 96B269, 02S8, 05A627. 
Middle States, White Mountains (N. H.). 

parva Will. 96W399, 968291, 05A627. St. Vincent. 

pulchra Will. 96W400, 968291, 054627. St. Vincent. 

scapularis Lw. 621153, 7808202, 96B269, 00C461, 028320, 
05A627. New Jersey, Illinois: west to California. 

valida Lw. 621153, 78OS202, 96B269, 05A627. Middle 
States. 


EUROPEAN SPECTES. 


albiceps. See mutata. 

albifrons. See nigricans. 

albilabris Meig. 53H258, 56H345, 60L18, 648248, 66F973, 
66D512, 96B183, argyria 830RD798, argyrostoma 448236, 
Notiphila 46Z1895, albilabris 830M71. North and Middle 
Europe, Silesia. 


3—E 


185 


1 


we) 


Ont 


186 Unwersity of California Publications, [ENToMoLoey 


EUROPEAN SPECIES—Continued. 


argyrostoma. See albilabris. 

arygrogenis Beck. 96B185, 968290. Milan. 

caesia Stenh. 448214, 60L18, 648249, 96B176, Notiphite 
46Z1880. Sweden, Germany. 

cardamines. See flavilabris and laticeps. 

concolor Stenh. 448216, 60L20, 648247, 96B178, 
cinerascens 35M526, Notiphila. concolor 46Z1877. 
Sweden, Germany, Austria. 

discolor Stenh. 4482380, 60L22, 648250, 96B179, flaviceps 
39H345, Notiphila 30M72, discolor 46Z1900. England, 
Sweden, Germany, Hungary, Silesia. 

erythrostoma. See nigripes. 

flavicornis Fall. 96B177, Notiphila 23F10, 4621878. 
Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Silesia. See also nigripes. 

flavilabris Stenh. 4482385, 948126, 96B173, cardamines 
39H402. Styria. 

frontalis Lw. 60L19, 648249, 96B183. Silesia. 

fulviceps Stenh. 448231, 60121, 648248, 96B178, 
Notiphila 46Z1901, chrysostoma 30M67. Germany, 
Sweden, Silesia. 

fusca Stenh. 448225, 60L24, 648250, 96B178, Notiphila 
46Z1896. Sweden, Germany. 

genicula Stenh. 448224, 60L18, 648248, 96B174, Notiphila 
46Z1878. Germany, Sweden. 

grisea. Stenh. 448227, 60L21, 648249, 96B179, Notiphila 
46Z1898. Sweden, Germany, Russia. 

griseola Fall. 448220, 60L22, 648247, 96B180, Notiphila 
138F254, 23F9, 30M66, 382717, 4621869. Europe, 
Silesia. 

hispanica. See nigricans. 

incana. See ranunculi. 

lamina Beck. 96B184, 968291. Leignitz. 

lapponica Stenh. 448287, 96B174. Pavia. 

laticeps Stenh. 448229, 60120, 648248, 96B172, 
cardamines 39H402, Notiphila laticeps 46Z1899. North 
and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

maculiventris Beck. 96B175, 968291. Silesia. 

modesta Lw. 60123, 648250, 96B181. Europe. 

mutata Zett. 60L19, 648247, 948126, 96B176, plumosa 
448218, albiceps 56W345, Notiphila mutata 46Z1876. 
Sweden, Germany, Silesia. 

nigricans Stenh. 448234, 648250, 96B183, nigrina 60L24, 
var. hispanica 0081, 00S309, albifrons 448223, Notiphila 
23F10. Sweden. Germany, Austria. 

nigrina. See nigricans. 

nigripes Zett. 60L22, 648248, 96R181, flavicornis 4482382, 
56W345,. erythrostoma 53W257. Notiphila 30M69, 
nigripes 38Z717. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

nymphaeae Stenh. 448227, 601.23, 96B182, Notiphila 
46Z1897. Sweden. 

pilitarsis Stenh. 448219, 601.20. 648249, 96B173, 
Notiphila 4671881. Sweden, Germany. 

plumosa. See mutata. 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 


EUROPEAN Sprectes—Continued. 
ranunculi Halid. 39H402, 538W256, 60L23, 648247, 
96B182, incana 448222, Notiphila 46Z1871, griseola 
23F9. Europe, Silesia. : 
thoracica Halid. 39H402, 53W256, 60L18, 648249, 
96B183. England, Germany, Silesia. 
transsylvana Beck. 96B184, 968291. Transylvania. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. | 
tritica Coq. 038C324. Australia. 


NOSTIMA Coquillett. Type slossonae. 
slossonae Cog. 00C35, 008310, 05A627. Florida. 


AXYSTA Haliday. Type cesta. 
cesta Halid. 383H177, 53W262, 60L28, 648255, 96B167, 


Philygria punctulata 448241, Trimerina coeruleiventris 
35M529. North and Middle Europe. 


PHILYGRIA Stenhammar. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1. Posterior portion of abdomen differing in color, or at least in 


ee PUOmetEn CONCOIOTOUSHULOPOUZNOULS <b. ke eee ee wt bee eter eaves 

2. Prevailing color blackish cinereous, antenne entirely black.... 
ory caret pectpes 4S au Eg ee eae eas debilis Low. 
Prevailing color brownish gray, third antennal joint reddish, 
yellow beneath..... SP LMy ate Stak gine vittipenms Zetterstedt. 
SEE UAT COLOR ULOWN +. 7c te i ci cet es stad edavcecccs aves cn 
ERI OC LAER tree ct cele oe 4 oe Sige Oe Wives 0 0 68 one 

4. Transverse veins margined with blackish brown............ 
fuscicornis Low. 


eevee ere eee eee eee eee ese eee ee ese eee eee e ee 


Transverse veins broadly clouded with black... .opposita Liw. 
3. Coxe light yellow..... fo 2 re Pe nitida Williston. 
ETE EIS hei (er 6, Ait See a a nitifrons Williston. 


debilis Lw. 611357, 62L157, 65L96, T8OS202, 96B269, 
02S8, 05A627.. Pennsylvania, White Mountains (N.H.). 

fuscicornis Lw. 621155, T80S202, 96B269, 02S8, 
05A627. Middle States, White Mountains (N. H.). 

nitida Will. 96W400, 968291, 05A627. St. Vincent. 

nitifrons Will. 96W401, 968291, 05A627. St. Vincent. 

opposita Lw. 61L3856, 621156, 65L95, 7808202, 96B269. 
Pennsylvania. 

vittipennis Zett. 7T8OS202, 96B270. Greenland. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 


abdominalis. See Lytogaster. 
femorata Stenh. 448245, 648253, 96B190, WNotiphila 


23F12. Scandinavia, Germany, Silesia. 
flavipes Fall. 35M525, 448244, 60126, 648252, 96B191, 
Notiphila 23F12, 46Z1916, Ephydra 30M123. Hurope, 


Silesia. 
interrupta Halid. 53W261, 60126, 648253, 96B189, 


Hydrina 34H176. Middle Burope, Silesia. 


187 


188 University of California Publications. | NToMOLOGY 


HUROPEAN SPECIES—Continued. 

interstincta Fall. 448246, 648253, 96B190, Notiphila 
138F 254, 23F12, 46Z1919. Europe. 

nigricauda Stenh. 448248, 96B192, Notiphila 4621923. 
Scandinavia, Germany, Silesia, Transylvanian Alps. 

obtecta Beck. 96B122, 968291. Silesia. 

picta. Fall. 448248, 60125, 648253, 96B192, Notiphila 
138F 254, 23F11, 4621913, Hphydra 30M125. North and 
Middle Europe, Silesia. 

punctatonervosa Fall. 448247, 53W260, 60125, 648252, - 
96B188, Notiphila 13F254, 23F12, 4621921, Hphydra 
30M123. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

punctulata. See Axysta cesta. 

sexmaculata Beck. 96B191, 968291, Hphydra interstincta 
30M122, 35M5389, Hydrina maculipennis 20RDT795. 
North and Middle Europe. 

stictica Meig. 60L25, 648253, 96B189, Hphydra 30M121, 
Germany, Silesia. 

2. vittipennis Zett. 448250, 4621924, 60126, 648253, 

96B193, Notiphila 38Z718. Europe. 


HYADINA Haliday. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
1. Third antennal joint reddish, infuscated toward the tip...... 
eR Eero A tN ca Were kesh 20). yen ht esate ot gravida Low. 
Third antennal joint black above, yellow beneath............ 
Se ae cde SNe oe Soe ee ee ena albovenosa Coquillett. 


albovenosa Coq. 00034, O0S°09, O5A627. Georgia, 
Louisiana. 

gravida Lw. 638L325, 72L98, T8O0S8202, 96B270, 05A627. 
Sitka. 

EUROPEAN SPECIES. 

guttata Fall. 30RD795, 448239, 53W261, 60L27, 648254, 
96B194, O0S2, 008209, Hphydra 30M125, Notiphila 
13F 253, 23F11, 382718, 46271914. North and Middle 
Europe. 

interrupta. See Philygria. 

humeralis Beck. 96B195, 968291. Germany. 

nitida Macq. 60128, 648254, 96B194, Hphydra 35M539, 
Notiphila brevicornis 46Z1912, guttata var. brevicornis © 
448240. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

scutellata Halid. 389H406, 53W262, 96B195.  [reland, 
Silesia. 

sexmaculata. See Philygria. 


EPHYDRINAE. 
OCHTHERA [L[atreille. Type mantis. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


1. Face with impressed black lines radiating from an _ orbital 
SPOOVE Nee eA chee Ne tee Oe eee igor Enon ces lauta Wheeler. 
Face ‘without’such: Hines.) 1.0.0 Sho. 62 oe os oe es ee ee 2 


Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 189 


NortH AMERICAN SpEctEsS—Continued. 


2. Face with deep black furrows and dots........ exsculpta Low. 
Bace: without: blaterurrowe and Gots cen) cca wae ee eee es a 

3. Mesonotum with three dark purple and coppery stripes...... 

sp Rieck cIePAE RNa tata: CORIO ate the che Gat chtiaka hs! «a cuprilineata Williston. 
Mesonotum without such stripes............. eee AP tae vane 4 

4. First joint of hind tarsi but little swollen....mantis De Geer. 
FireersOmic Olid stareic NIMCUMSWOLICD). «cic icles, oo, stern cnpcee see 5 

he LG PS te ey RERCE SDLOUG s-7 «fy uka cease s.0.0/% 0's eons 0h rapas Low. 

Darter ed CA Ce TAL t OW a to oscisisss. sue do 6s clears are tuberculata Low. 


cuprilineata Will. 96W402, 968291. St. Vincent. 

exsculpta Lw. - 62L160, 7808202, 86 W307, 95J338, 96B269, 
0dA628. Cuba, Florida. 

lauta Wheel. 96W121, 968291, O05A628. Milwaukee 
(Wis. ). 

mantis Deg. 62L161, T8OS202, 95GT66, 96W123, 96B269, 
968264, O05A628. Middle States, White Mountains 
(N. H.), Connecticut to California, Mexico. 

rapax Lw. 621162, T80S202, 96B269, 05A628. Carolina. 

tuberculata Lw. 621161, 7SOS202, 953338, 96B269, 
96W123, 05A628. Illinois, Wisconsin, Florida. 

KUROPEAN SPECIES. 

2. mantis Deg. 18091348, 35M519, 38Z715, 448166, 46271804, 
60L30, 621161, 648256, 96B204, Musca 1782D61, 
manicata 1798F334, Macrochira mantis 830MT8, Tephritis 
manicata 05323, 28F2. Whole of Europe. 

mantispa Lw. 4712738, 60L30, 96B205, Schembri 47R29. 
Italy, Greece, Asia Minor. 
schembri. See mantispa. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 


chalybescens Lw. 62114, 96B268. Cape of Good Hope. 
humilis Will. 97W6, 97S265. Brazil. 

innotata Walk. 60W171, 96B267. Celebes. 

praedatoria Lw. 62114, 96B268. Caffraria. 

regalis Will. 97W6, 978265. Brazil. 

rotunda Schin. 688243, 69D374, 96B273. Nikobara. 


OCHTHEROIDEA Williston. Type atra. 
atra Will. 96W401, 968291. St. Vincent. 


ECTROPA Schiner. Type viduata. 
viduata Schin. 6882438, 68D374, 96B201. Sydney. 


PELINA Haliday. Type aenea. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


truncatula Lw. 781198, 78OS202, 78K244, 96B270, 
05A628. Texas. 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 
aenea Fall. 138253, 23F11, 4621926, 60L30, 648255, 
96B197, glabricula 380M124, Telmatobia 448209. 

Europe. 


190 Unwersity of California Publications, [HNToMoLocy 


EUROPEAN SPECIES—Continucd. 

aenescens Stenh. 448201, 46Z1928, 60L30, 96B198, aenea 
38Z718, Mikii 938280. Scandinavia, England, Austria, 
Silesia. 

guttipennis Stenh. 96B199, J'elmatobia 448212. Europe. 

nitens Lw. 73L309, 73R427, 96B199. Calabria. 

subpunctata Beck. 96B198, 968291. Dalmatia. 

ventruosa. See Lytogaster abdominalis. 


LYTOGASTER Becker. Type abdominalis. 
abdominalis Stenh. 96B2038, Philygria 4482388, Pelina 
ventruosa 73L310. Silesia. 


DOMINA Hutton. Type metallica. 
metallica Hutt. O1H90, 01S272. New Zealand. 


BRACHYDEUTERA Loéw. ‘Type argentata. 


NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
argentata Lw. 05A628, dimidiata 621163, T80S203, 
953338, 96B269, Notiphila 56W406. District of 
Columbia, Florida. 
dimidiata. See argentata. 


HWUROPEAN SPECIES. 
argentata Walk. 96B201, dimidiata 62L163, Hphydra 


S6W407. Europe. 
dimidiata. See argentata. 


HALMOPOTA Haliday. Type salinaria. 
mediterranea Lw. 60134, 96B206. Asia Minor. 
salinaria Bouche. 956W346, 60134, 648260, 96B205, 
Ephydra 34B99. England, Germany, Silesia. 


PARYDRA Stenhammar. 
NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


1: Scutellum with conical wartsic'e7.. Jj i.s oe ee eee Ps 
Scutellum’ ‘without: ‘conical :warts2..% 0. sak eee ae ee tue 
2. Scutellum with one wart, apex not bearing a spine......... 3 
Scutellum with two warts, apices with spines.............. ‘t 
Scutellum with four warts........... quadrituberculata Liw. ~ 
3. Abdomen subopaque, tips of femora, base and tips of tibixe, 
and metatarsi dark reddish.................. imitans Low. 
Abdomen black, legs without reddish coloring.............. 
LR FS Vn Oly deta ee, RE Shs unituberculata Liw. 
4. Tubercles exceedingly small, hairing of face snow white...... 
EA eit lade ie Bree ee ade BIS dL os Ca pinguis Walker 
Tubercles not unusually small, hairing of face not white...... 
LEA SEER. ak RD Soke cee abner ee eee eee ee bituberculata Low 
>. xace nearly perpendicular’ yo..eo es eee ee breviceps Liw. 
Face more orsless: obliquéss 225 #s hoes oe ee oe ee as ahaa 
6. Clypeus and cheeks excessively narrow......... paullula Low. 
Clypeus and cheeks not excessively narrow.................-. 7 
7. Second longitudinal vein with a branch near its end......... 8 


Second longitudinal vein without such branch............. 10 


Vou. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 191 


NorRTH AMERICAN SPEcIES—Continued. 


8. Fourth longitudinal vein with a small but very distinct gray 
fringe near its apex, third with a similar spot less distinctly 


Visibler tt vate eae re Dearie s otis as appendiculata Low. 
Third and fourth longitudinal veins without such markings.... 9 

9. Wings with seven rather large hyaline spots. ..abbreviata Low. 

Wings with) five liyalinecspotse, gase: test crs eee es varia Low. 

10. Wings brownish with five hyaline spots, cross veins brown.... 

Se Sree eh Mier e shane at tite ein ee ete ev cis ele este e da np aurata nO. sp. 

Wings hyaline, cross veins blackish........ linpidipennis Low. 


abbreviata Lw. 61L357, 62L168, 65L97, T808203, 
96B269, 05A629. Pennsylvania. 

appendiculata Lw. 781202, T8OS203, 78K244, 96B270, 
05A629. Texas, California. 

aurata n. sp. Southern California. 

bituberculata Lw. 621165, T8OS203, 96B269, 05A629. 
Middle States, New Jersey. 

breviceps Lw. 621167, T8OS2038, 96B269, 05A629. 
Middle States. 

imitans Lw. 78L201, T8OS208, 78K244, 96B270, 05A629. 
Massachusetts. 

limpidipennis Lw. 78L201, 7T8OS208, 78IK244, 96B270, 
05A629. District of Columbia. 

paullula Lw. 62L167, T80S203, 96B269, 00C462, 05A629. 
Middle States, Alaska. 

pinguis Walk. 7T8L199, 7T8OS203, 7T8K248, 054629, Hphy- 
dra 56W409, 96B266. District of Columbia, Texas, 
New Jersey. 

quadrituberculata  Lw. 621165, 648258, 7808203, 
95J338, 96B269, 05A629. Middle States, Florida. 

unituberculata Lw. 78L200, 78OS208, 78IK244, 96B270, 
05A629. District of Columbia. 

varia Lw. 6381326, 651100, 7808203, 96B270, 054629. 
Sitka. 


ISUROPEAN SPECIES. 


affinis. See fossarum. 

aquila Fall. 448187, 4621819, 60L32, 648259, 64D559, 
96B211, Ephydra 23F4, 30M117, 35M5d37, 382716, 
North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

bicuspidata Kars. S81IKK15, 81K253. Porto Allegre. 

coarctata Fall. 448189, 46Z1821, 60L33, 648258, 96B214, 
Ephydra 23F4, rufitarsis 30M126, 35M356, stagnicola 
30RD799, hecate? 53H263. Whole of Europe, Silesia. 

cognata Lw. 60132, 96B212. Prussia, Sicily. 

fossarum Halid. 33H175, 60L382, 648260, 96B211, afinis 
448192, 46Z1824. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

furcata. See quadripunctata. 

littoralis Meig. 30M116, 60133, 648259, 96B214. Prussia, 
Germany, Silesia. 

nigritarsis Strobl. 93S280, 988321, 96B215. Styria. 

nubecula Beck. 96B212, 968291. Prussia, Silesia. 

obliqua Beck. 96B215, 968291. Crete, Italy. 

pubera Lw. 60132, 96B210. Sicily, Calabria. 


192 Unwersity of California Publications. |" NToMoLoGY 


EUROPEAN SPECIES—Continued. an re 

pusilla Meig. 30M126, 60L82, 648259, 96B211, Hphydra 
infecta 33H175, nasuta 448192, 46Z1825. North and 
Middle Europe, Silesia. 

quadripunctata Meig. 380M117, 38Z716, 46Z1822, 60L33, 
648258, 96B214, furcata 448190. North and Middle 
Europe, Silesia. 

undulata Beck. 96B213, 968291. Russia, Berlin. 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 


bucculenta Lw. 62114, 96B268. Caffraria. 
humilis Will. 97W7, 978266. Brazil. 


EPHYDRA Fallen. Type riparia. 


NoRTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


1; sThorax ‘lemon ayellows sires cen Ck Clee lutea Wiedmann. 
Thorax ashy, with slight greenish reflection................-. 2 
Thorax black jor brownish. blacks.®..0 .. face «eo. te 3 
Thorax dark” greene ceo eb. sick gcse ee ke ale wa 8 
Thorax «metallic: or eoppery--green.: o2-. css «0 ciels « cusuel peu ee Lis 

2. Thorax with three broad vitte, front brassy green. .cinerea Nn. sp. 
Thorax without vitte, front dark bluish.......... hians Say. 

3. Wings except along veins blackish or smoky............... + 
Wings gray..or hyaline. oi. uie age sani’ oe u's .cid ie caekcte ae » 

4. Front except the lateral margins, shining, slightly greenish.... 

siedey SEGA DGS ORL IE o REUEUS Ghat dan ae Laveais owpiasi,ss -COULOTMEGLE ACBara: 
Front opague: velvety black... ........e~.08% pygmaea Williston. 
Front grayish white, dusted with brownish. .thomae Wiedmann. 

2D MLNOPA XH CLULL Wa ace 3 elacetercotstere thaue puny hcs he eauaeatel stain ae ae Salas cv -a aaa 6 
Thorax whining) 20s sc.ci ss deselect ae nese et eh oe Pee tore ey: ‘4 

6. A bdoménishining 2 ease wie. ace habia bre eee brevis Walker. 
Abdomen not aiining >< tics acter tarsata Williston. 

T', «Deets: piceous! ‘30. -.% ab%aw since ahve eee ee lata Walker. 
Legs pale; yellowiisentesa's  @ as sib teeete a e nana Walker. 

8;- Third antennal joint:-with ‘a lateral hair. 1. 4). eee eee 9 
Third antenngl joint without a lateral hair’. ....5..42 2) 200en 10 

9. Wings clouded with blackish gray........... atrovirens Low. 

- Wings grayish hyaline, not clouded...... pilicornis Coquillett. 

10, ‘Thorax ‘opadneseos  seaiet i s ee eee eee obscuripes Low. 
Thorax«shinings.% ff.) ieerts trate eee austrina Coquillett. 

11. First joint of front tarsi incrassated........ crassimana Low. 
First. joint.of frontstars? nothincrassatet.).. cere, oe eee 12 

12.. Third antennal joint minute, sunken in the head.......... 

aT ERO aT Lien thine, pee eerie: halophila Packard. 
Third antennal joint not minute, not sunken in the head.... 15 

138. Antenne dark brown, arista with short pectinations........ 

sib iske ant ale tone b “afk Maiti: ate yaarc he haceigls © ciate thie eae AIS ULLT 6 ee 


Antenne black, arista with long pectinations...subopaca Low. 


Note.—2#H. gracilis described in larval stages only. 

NotTe.—oscitans (Walker) certainly differs from all others of this 
genus in the markings of the wings, and if in this genus at all probably 
belongs near pygmaea or thomae, from which it differs in that the front is 
dark brown. 


Vou. 1.) Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 193 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued. ; " 

atrovirens Lw. 621169, 7808203, 96B269, 05A629. 
Middle States. . 

austrina Cog. 00C36, 05A629. Georgia, Florida. 

brevis Walk. 57W233, T8OS203, 965268, 05A629. United 
States. 

californica Pack. 71P103, 7T1R3897, 84K266, 84W90, 
05A629. California, Nevada. 

cinerea n. sp. Southern California. 

crassimana Lw. 651182, 65LS88, 65D664, 7808200, 
96B270, 054629. Mexico. 

gracilis Pack. 71P105, 71R397, 918255, 05A629. Great 
Salt Lake (Utah). 

halophila Pack. 68P46, 69D444, 7808203, 96B270, 
05A629. Illinois. 

hians Say. 308188, 8383871, 831250, 88P976, T8OS200, 
96B270, 05A630. Mexico. 

lata Walk. 57W2338, 96B268, 05A630. United States. 

lutea Wied. 30W593, 96B266, 05A630. West Indies. 

millbrae n. sp. Millbrae (California). 

nana Walk. 57W234, 953339, 96B268, 054630. United 
States. 

obscuripes Lw. 66L50, 66D512, 72L92, T80S200, 96B270, 
968290, 05A630. Massachusetts. 

octonotata. See Scatella. 

oscitans Walk. See Ilythea and Scatella. 

pentastigma. See Scatella. 

picea. See Scatella. 

pilicornis Coq. 2C184, 028264, 05.4630. Florida. 

pygmaea Will. 96W402, 968290, 05A630. St. Vincent. 

striata. See Scatella. 

subopaca Lw. 64198, 64D559, 65L99, T8OS200, 953339, 
96B270, 054630. Connecticut, New Jersey, Florida. 

tarsata Will. 93W257, 938320, 05A630. Owens Valley 
(California). 

thomae Weid. 30W593, 96B266, 05A630. St. Thomas 
(West Indies). 


FLUROPEAN SPECIES. 
aquilla. See Parydra. 
argentata. See Brachydeutera. 
argyrostoma. See Scatella sorbillans. 
attica Beck. 96B222, 968290. Greece. 
aurata. See micans. 5 
beckeri (new name) obscuripes. 96B222. Sarepta. 
bivitatta Lw. 60135, 96B219. Prussia, Sicily. 
breviventris Lw. 60L37, 648261, 96B219. Southern 
Europe. 
cribrata. See Scatella. 
fenestrata. See Scatophila despecta. 
flavescens. See Scatella lutosa. 
flaviceps. See Philygria. 
flavipenms. See Scatella aestuans. 
gramum. See Scatella quadrata. 
_guttata. See Hyadina. 
halophila. See riparia. 


194 Unwersity of Califorma Publications. [ENToMoLoey 


EUROPEAN SPECIES—Continued. 

hecate. See Parydra coarctata. 

infecta. See Parydra pusilla. 

longipennis. See Teichomyza. 

macellaria Egg. 62E779, 648262, 96B220. JHurope, 
Southern Russia. 

micans Halid. 33H175, 60L36, 648261, 96B218, aurata 
44S167, 4621810, riparia 23F4. Whole of Europe, 
Silesia. 

nasuta. See Parydra pusilla. 

nubilipennis. See Scatella sibilans. 

obscuripes. Preoccupied, see beckeri. 

ochrostoma Brul. 35B689, 96B224. Europe. 

opaca Lw. 56155, 96B222. Egypt, Southern Europe. — 

pinguis. See Parydra. 

punctinervosus. See Philygria. 

quadrata. See Scatella. 

riparia Fall. 13F246, 23F5, 30M117, 38Z715, 448169, 
46Z1807, S3W268, 60L35, 648262, 96B221, salina 
43H228, halophila 44H203. North coast of Europe. See 
also micans and Caenia fumosa. 

rufitarsus. See Parydra coarctata. 

salina. See riparia. 

salinae Zett. 46Z1912, 60L36, 96B219. North and Middle 
Europe. 

salinaria. See Halmopota. 

seamaculata. See Philygria. 

Scholtzi Beck. 96B220. Silesia, Poland. 

stagnalis. See Scatella and Scatophila despecta. 

stagnicola. See Parydra coarctata. 

stenhammart. See Scatella. 

stictica. See Philygria. 

OTHER COUNTRIES. 

aquaria Hutt. 01H90, 018273. New Zealand. 

australis Walk. 56W409, 96B266. Van Dieman’s Land. 

bispinosa. See Beckeriella. 

borboroides Walk. 60W171, 96B267. Celebes. 

caesia v. d. Wulp. 83W58, 838K251, 96B271. Argentina. 

ciligena Rond. 68R82, 68D3874. Buenos Ayres. 

gilvipes Coq. 01C877,'01S272. Galapagos. 

maculicornis Walk. 60W171, 96B267. Celebes. 

margaritata Wied. 380W593, 96B266. Egypt. 

ochropus Thoms. 68T592, 70V442, 96B271. Montevideo. 

pictipennis Wied. 30W593, 64D559, 96B266. Cape of 
Good Hope. 

pleuralis Thoms. 681591, 70V442, 96B271. Manila. 

prionoptera Thoms. 68T590, 70V442, 96B271. Pata- 
gonia. 

taciturna Walk. 60W169, 96B267. Amboyna. 

urmiana Gunth. 99G415, 998239. Northwest Persia. 


SCATOPHILA Becker. Type caviceps. 
NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


hamifera Beck. (See “University Collection.”) Alameda 
(California ). 


Vor. 1.] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 


KUROPEAN SPECIES. 


caviceps. Sten. 96B240, 968292, Scatella 448269, 
46Z1837, 60L42, 648265. Scandinavia, Germany, 
Silesia. 

contaminata Stenh. 96B240, Scatella 448185. Sweden, 
Silesia. 

cribrata. See Scatella. 

despecta Halid. 96B241, Scatella 39H409, 60L43, 648267, 
Ephydra stagnalis 23F5, fenestrata 448181, 46Z1831. 
North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

halterata Beck. 96B245, 968292. Kohlfurt, Silesia. 

2. hamifera Beck. 96B242, 968292. Norway. 

laevigata Lw. 96B243, Scatella 60L44. Silesia. 

pumilio Lw. 96B244, Scatella 60L44, 648267. Silesia. 

quadrilineata Strobl. OOS4, 0083810. Spain. 

signata Lw. 96B241, Scatella 60L48. Sicily, Hungary. 

tetra Beck. 96B244, 968292. Liéw’s Collection (prob- 
ably Silesia). 

unicornis Czer. 00C205, 0083810. Austria. 

variegata Lw. 96B243, Scatella 60L48, 645267. Silesia, 
Dorpat. ; 


PELOMYIA Williston. Type occidentalis. 
occidentalis Will. 938W258, 93883821, 96B274, 00C461, 
05A628. Monterey (California), Sordova (Alaska). 


TEICHOMYZA Macquart. Type fusca. 
fusca Macg. 385M535, 60L45, 648268, 86G160, 868312, 
90H239, 908290, 96B206, NScatella urinaria 30RD6, 
EHphydra longipennis 38M382. England, France, Ger- 
many, Italy, Silesia. 


SCATELLA Robineau-Desvoidy. Type stagnalis. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


its 


Face in profile almost perpendicular, decidedly haired and 
PCTS COUR. eer pies fugdncaha bate Pe Ene he eee stagnalis Fallen. 
Face not unusually perpendicular, hairing not pronounced.... 


. Thorax, coxe, femora and tibiz whitish cinereous, wings 


irregularly streaked with whitish hyaline. .mesogramma Léw. 
Little or none of the body whitish cinereous, wings usually with 
ETT LGPRO DOLE civ sic o nicis, cated cha SES des ole S operitaw oes e 


Sampo ol the. wings hyaline or whitish. Gives. sees <..< ee ce ds 
PP earree Ete Wings. DOW! « \ cvs a -iuhen lls meee oy vw ca a's a ote g 

Bee ieee witite conr white Spots. .. a «ea mer Ob ark Sis oo wo 
Rivinipnerd Cle veo we ite. SHOTS ¢ <\. sls derane Teena Picasso ss wee 
Wings with seven or eight white spots............cc-eccce0s 
ites site LOn WW MILG. SPOTS... +, 'a'v sues ethene ged striata Walker. 

5. Two large brown spots between the first cross vein and the 
point of the wing beyond the third longitudinal........ 
tein Sd ac ee ee acer RI ae RSD dh a quadrata Fallen. 


6. 


Three or more brown spots beyond the third longitudinal and 

Dene GM TSt CROSS. VEIN «sii oad 6 doe a dpa eae ake eka dee 
Base of the tarsi black...................stenhammari Zett. 
Base of the tarsi more or less reddish...........: sejuncta Liw. 


~ 


OO Nae cs 


bok: 


196 


University of Califorma Publications. |#NToMoLocy 


NorTtTH AMERICAN SPECIES—UContinued. | 
7. Wing with a small pitchy spot at the tip of the first longi- 


tuding ] si, . <tede a tole beeiaty epee bee cin aa br et cnr picea Walker. 
Wings without such spotisrercieie. «cee o's Oe cs ereeeeeere ey cael 8 

8.” Body..ash’gray,.) ; o2h vance cincble vee ee tes favillacea Low. 

Body. olives: greénsisnuee: ve Se en ee oe eee triseta Coquillett. 

Body Drowns fs oGis sa Sere Oe ee oe eee .octonotata Walker. 

9. Head and chest blackish opaque, densely bluish-gray pruinose 

Fale SME hidia ech. nba ween Seka Tne > CN Tes Teena setosa Coquillett. 

Head and chest blackish with olivaceous pruinosity........ 

NS PRN IR gore ee es See pentastigma 'Thomson. 

Head and chest yellowish cimereous............. obsoleta Low. 

Head and chest ferrugineus.............+<.-- repleta Walker. 

10. Abdomen flecked with white laterally...ecribrata Stenhammar. 

Abdomen not flecked with white................ lugens Low. 


cribrata Stenh. OO0L803, 05A630. Greenland. 

favillacea Lw. 62L170, 780OS208, 96B269, O05A630. 
Middle States, New Jersey. 

lugens Lw. 621171, T8OS2038, 953339, 96B289, 05A630. 
Middle States, Florida. 

mesogramma Lw. 69142, 69D444, 72L74, T8O0S203, 
96B270, 05A630. Newport (R. I.). 

obsoleta Lw. 621172, 65L98, 7T80OS204, 96B269, 054630. 
Washington (D. C.)., 

octonotata Walk. O05A630, Hphydra 49W1106, 96B267. 
Martin Falls (Canada). 

oscitans Walk. See Ilythea and Ephydra. 


pentastigma Thoms. 05A630, Hphydra 68T591, T0V442, 


7808204, 96B271. California. - 

picea Walk. 05A630, Ephydra 49W1105, T8OS204, 
96B266. Martin Falls (Canada). 

quadrata Fall. 235, 641317, 648265, 7T80S204, 96B270, 
05A630. North America. 

repleta Walk. O5A630, Notiphila 49W1099, 96B266. 
Martin Falls (Canada). 

sejuncta Lw. 631326, 65L99, 7T80S204, 96B271, ees 
Sitka (Alaska). 

setosa Coq. O00C462, 008310, 05A631. Alaska. 

stagnalis Fall. 458169, 72H97, 7808204, 86G162, 868312, 
96B271, 968264, 981303, 00C462, 00H593, 05A631, 
obscura 96WA4038. Greenland, Alaska, New Jersey, 
Georgia, Arizona, St. Vincent, Montreal, White Moun- 
tains (N. H.). 

stenhammari Zett. T8OS204, 96B271. North America. 
North America. 

striata Walk. O5A631, Hphydra 49W1107, 96B267. 
Martin Falls (Canada). 

triseta Coq. 02C184, 028265, 05A631. Arizona. 


Note.—oscitans, if a Scatella, is probably most closely related to 
S. striata, from which it differs in the absence of five hoary stripes on 


the chest. 


Vourae] Jones.—Catalogue of the Ephydridae. 


HUROPEAN SPECIES. 
aestuans Halid. 330176, 648266, 96B233, Ephydra flavi- 
pennis 448173, gilva 60L41. Asia Minor, Southern 
Hungary. 
callosicosta Bezzi. 95B70, 958345, 96B232. Calabria, 
Orsova, Silesia. 
contaminata. See Scatophila. 
crassicosta Beck. 9612384, 968291. Sylt Island. 
. cribrata Stenh. 60142, Scatophila 648265, 96B240, 
Ephydra 448269, 46Z1835. North and Middle Europe. 
defecta Halid. 33H174, 46271813, 60L38, 96B236, Caenia 
53W265. ‘Triest. 

despecta. See Scatophila. 

dichaeta Lw. 60L40, 96B228. Harz, Sylt Island, Sweden. 

indistincta Beck. 96B231, 968291. Hungary. 

laevigata. See Scatophila. 

lutosa Halid. 33H176, 60142, 645266, 96B236, Ephydra 
flavescens 448175, 46Z1830. North and Middle Hurope, 
Silesia. 

pilosigenis Beck. 961229, 968291. Hast coast of Europe. 

pumila. See Scatophila. 

2. quadrata Fall. 30M119, 39H410, 448182, 46Z 1840, 60L40, 
648265, 96B230, Hphydra 23F5, graminum 33H176. 
Whole of Europe, Silesia. See also stenhammari. 

quadrisetosa Beck. 968229, 968291. Norway. 

sibilans Halid. 33H175, 60L40, 648265, 96B228, Hphydra 
nubilipennis 448180. North and Middle Europe, Silesia. 

signata. See Scatophila. 

silacea Lw. 60141, 648266, 96B233. Silesia. 

sorbillans Halid. 33H176, 60L41, 648265, 96B231, 
Ephydra argyrostoma 448176, 46271831. Whole of 
HKurope, Silesia. 

stagnalis Fall. 448178, 4671827, 60L42, 648266, 96B235, 
Ephydra 13F248, 23F5. North and Middle Europe, 
Silesia. 

2. stenhammari Zett. 60L40, 648266, 96B230, quadrata 
448183, Ephydra stenhammari 46Z1842. North and 
Middle Europe, Silesia. 

urinaria. See Teichomyza. 
variegata. See Scatophila. 


bo 


bo 


OTHER COUNTRIES. 
-hawaiiensis Grim. 01G49, 018274. Oahu (Sandwich 


Islands). 
3. stagnalis Fall. 97W5, 978266. Brazil. 
CAENIA Robineau-Desvoidy. Type palustris. 


NortH AMERICAN SPECIES. 


1. Front black, clothed with long bristles..........spinosa Low. | 
Middle of front bronze green, partially covered with short 
hairs, but without long bristles.........bisetosa Coquillett. 


bisetosa Coq. 02C183, 028263, 054631. Utah, California. 
spinosa Lw. 64199, 651100, 64D559, T8OS204, 953339, 
96B271, 054631. New York, Florida, New Jersey. 


198 University of California Publications. |(ENTomMoLoey 


EUROPEAN SPECIES. 

beckeri Kuntze. 971K154, 978265. Rome. 

carricola. See palustris. 

fumosa Stenh. 448171, 4621813, 60L38, 648264, 96B207, 
Ephydra riparia 234. North and Middle Europe, 
Silesia. 

obscura Meig. 30M115, 53W265, 60L38, 96B208. Ger- 
many, England. 

palustris Fall. 23F4, 830M115, 35M530, 382716, 448172, 
46Z1815, 60L38, 648264, 96B207, carricola 30RD800. 
Whole of Europe, Silesia. 


NOMBA Walker. ‘l'ype tecta. 
tecta Walk. 60W169, 96B267. Celebes. 


CANACENAE. 


CANACE Haliday. Type nasica. 
nasica Halid. 39H411, 53W269, 60L29, 648269, 7T4LS80, 
96B247. Ireland. See also ranula. 
ranula Lw. T4L81, 74R449, 878297, S7G1, 96B247, 
nasica 55H64. North coast of England, Germany. 
salonitana Strobl. 00S63, 00S308. Salona. 
snodgrassi Cog. 0103878, 018272. Galapagos. 


GENERA APPEARING ONLY IN THE SYNONYMY. 


Diasemocara. 

nigrotaeniata. See Psilopa and Ephygrobia roderi. 
Drosophila. 

pollinosa. See Paratissa. 
Glabrinus. 

mororum. See Gymnopa subsultans. 
Hydrina. 

guttata. See Hyadina. 
Keratocera. 

palustris. See Notiphila cinerea. 

tarsata. See Notiphila. 


Macrochira. 
mantis. See Ochthera. 
Mosillus. 
arcuatus. See Gymnopa subsultans. 
Musca. 
manicata. See Ochthera mantis. 
Telmatobia. 
aenea. See Pelina. 
Tephritis. ; 
manicata. See Ochthera mantis. 
Ulida. 


arcuata, See Gymnopa subsultans. 


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~ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 
| TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 


ENTOMOLOGY — 





Pe ey eh Wok. 1, No. 3, pp. 199-216. _ February 2, 1916 
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~__ -S$YNOPTICAL KEYS TO THE GENERA OF 
es THE NORTH AMERICAN MIRIDAE 


BY 


EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE 


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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 
TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
ENTOMOLOGY 


Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 199-216 February 2, 1916 


SYNOPTICAL KEYS TO THE GENERA OF 
THE NORTH AMERICAN MIRIDAE 


BY 
EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE 


The following keys cover all but eight of the genera of the 
Miridae thus far recorded from America north of Mexico. These 
eight genera were omitted on account of the want of material 
for study or because their occurrence in this country is a matter 
of much uncertainty. Dr. Reuter’s great work on the Capsidae 
of Europe (Hemiptera Gymnocerata Europae, 5 vols., 1878-1896) 
and his later studies in the North American fauna have formed 
the foundation for the present paper, although the keys given 
here are for the most part original. I have found it impossible 
to work out his subfamilies of 1910 in a satisfactory analytical 
form, and, while accepting them in my catalogue of our Hemip- 
tera, I have ignored them in the preparation of these keys, 
using only his tribes, or divisions as he terms them. In addition 
to these tribes I have found it both practicable and useful to 
establish groups of a lower category in two of the larger tribes 
which have been denominated divisions with the termination -aria. 
All synonymy has been omitted here, but it will be given in the 
catalogue. 

One fact comes out plainly in these studies: that certain 
characters that are useful for diagnosis in one group may fail in 
another. This arises from the well-known fact that a character 
once discarded in the evolution of a group is never revived. Thus 
we find that the hamus, or vestigial vein, found in the wing-cell 


200 University of California Publications. |ENTomoLoey 


in most of the Phylaria, is apparently always absent in the 
Orthotylini where it seems to have been discarded, but in the 
Oncotylaria, which is intermediate between these groups, it may 
be either present or absent in the same genus, possibly in the same 
species or individual. 

The characters of the arolia present a similar case. Their 
form seems to be constant for each tribe but in any, at least of 
the larger ones, it may be entirely absent in certain genera. I 
would not, however, consider the arolia a vestigial character as 
is the hamus in the wing-cell. 

In these keys I have attempted to arrange the tribes and 
genera in what seems to me to be the correct descending order, 
but here there certainly is a large field for investigation and 
many changes will probably have to be made. The claspers, or 
genital hooks, of the male form excellent specific characters in 
many cases, but there are groups of species here and there in 
which these hooks exhibit scarcely any appreciable differences 
between what are undoubtedly good species. 

The following are the eight genera omitted from the keys: 
Neocapsus Dist., Pallacocoris Reut., Neoborops Uhler, Eccrito- 
tarsus Stal, Teleorhinus Uhler, Cyllocorss Hahn, Orthocephalus 
Fieb., Microsynamma Fieb. 

As a matter of convenience the following terms are explained 
here. 


Arolia.—The pulvillae between the base of the tarsal claws, sometimes 
free, sometimes united with the claws beneath. 

Bucculae.—A narrow plate lying either side of the base of the rostrum; 
rarely used in the Capsidae. 

Callosities—A more or less elevated area on either side of the anterior 
lobe of the pronotum, usually distinguished by an impressed bound- 
ing line, at least posteriorly. 

Cheeks or gena.—The two sclerites below the eyes and between the 
clypeus and gula. Between them is frequently a narrow segment 
called the lora. The inner or upper cheeks may be nearly flat or at 
times considerably elevated or tumid. 

Clavus.—The inner area of the elytra next to the scutellum and separ 
ated from the corium by the claval suture. It is usually long: 
triangular in form, with its apex near the base of the membrane. 

Clypeus or tylus.—The median lobe of the head below the front and 
reaching to the base of the rostrum, 

Collar or collum.—The narrow anterior margin of the pronotum. Gen- 
erally separated from the disk of the pronotum by an impressed 
line which may or may not be continued over the side. 


Von. 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 201 


Corium.—The main portion of the elytra lying exterior to the clavus; 
its outer margin being formed by the costa. 

Cuneus.—A triangular piece, joined by a suture to the apex of the 
corium. 

Facial angle-—The angle between the line of the bucculae and that of 
the clypeus when viewed from the side. 

Fracture.—The notch between the apex of the corium and the base of 
the cuneus on the costal margin of the elytra. 

Front.—The front of the head between the eves, below the vertex and 
above the clypeus. 

Gula.—The throat, or lower surface of the base of the head lying 
beneath the rostrum. 

Lorae.—The narrow segment lying between the upper and lower cheeks 
at the base of the rostrum. , 

Membrane.—The membranous apical portion of the elytra. It carries 
a looped nervure at base forming one large areole and usually a 
second smaller one next the apex of the cuneus. 

Scutellum.—The basal lobe is usually convex and separated from the 
apical by a suture. This basal lobe is often more or less covered 
by the base of the pronotum and in using this character allowance 
must be made for the depression of the pronotum. 

Tylus.—Same as elypeus. 

Vertex.—The basal portion of the superior surface of the head between 
the eyes. It merges insensibly into the base of the front. 

Vestiture.—The covering of hairs on the surface of the body. These 
hairs may be soft or stiff, or they may be flattened and sceale-like, 
and are often deciduous and very easily rubbed off. 

Xyphus (prosternal).—The triangular piece on the prosternum between 
the bases of the anterior.coxae. 


In the Phylaria three new genera have been established for 
which there are as yet no described species, and they are there- 
fore invalid here, but they will soon be validated by the publica- 
tion of species. These genera are: Leptotylus, Oligotylus, and 
Strophopoda. One hundred and twenty-five genera are treated 
of here which, with the eight omitted genera, make a total of 
one hundred and thirty-three genera recorded from America 
north of Mexico. 

The following is a fairly close translation of Reuter’s key to 
his subfamilies of 1910: 

1 (16). Membrane biareolate, or with one areole distinctly dilated at 
apex, very rarely without an areole but with several irregular 
longitudinal veins more or less distinct. Elytra with a distinct 
cuneus which very rarely becomes confluent with the corium. 

2(3). Arolia large, free, approximate at base between the claws, 
toward their apex very distinetly divaricate and frequently 
dilated. 9. Mirinae 


202 University of California Publications. |ENTomMoLoGy 


3 (2). Arolia differently formed or wanting. 

4 (5). Membrane distinctly pilose. Claws destitute of arolia. 

8. Bothynotinae 

5 (4). Membrane glabrous. 

6 (7). Pronotum without a collar, but with its apical area gibbous- 
convex, anteriorly frequently more or less produced above the 
vertex; always roundedly produced posteriorly but not surpassing 
the sides, the lateral margins attaining the apical. Arolia short, 
united to the claws or wanting. First tarsal joint longer than the 
second. 6. Ambraciinae 

7.(6). Pronotum with or without apical collar; destitute of a gib- 
bous posteriorly rounded apical area. 

8 (9). Arolia wanting. First joint of hind tarsi long or very long, 
rarely not longer than the second. Tibiae frequently mutic and 
very distinctly more slender toward its apex. Wing-cell with the 
hamus wanting or very rudimentary. 7. Cylapinae 

9 (8). Arolia present, rarely wanting, in this case with the first joint 
of the tarsi short, or the wing-cell with a distinct hamus, or the 
body constricted at the middle. First joint of the tarsi very 
rarely long, in this case the cell of the wing with a hamus or the 
arolia present. Tibia very attenuated toward its apex. 

10 (11). Apical joint of the tarsi more or less distinctly incrassate, 
rarely sublinear. Arolia laminate, rarely short, frequently large, 
always approximate to or connate with the claws. Tibiae always 
destitute of spines. Lorae confluent with the cheeks. Cell of the 
wings without a hamus. 5. Bryocorinae 

11 (10). Apical joint of the tarsi linear, rarely a little thicker toward 
its apex, in this case the arolia free and connivent at apex. 
Tibiae frequently distinctly spinose. 

12 (18). Prothorax with an annular collar at apex, in brachypterous 
females sometimes obsolete above in the middle. Arolia none, or 
with the arolia varying in length and closely approximated to 
the claws with which they are connate, at least at base, fre- 
quently for their whole length. Lorae linear, well distinguished 
on either side. 4, Macrolophinae 

13 (12). Prothorax without an apical collar, sometimes with the apical 
margin slenderly depressed, in this case with the arolia free and 
connivent at apex. 

14 (15). Arolia free, slender, parallel or connivent at apex, very rarely 
none, in this case the wing-cell destitute of a hamus, or the body 
constricted at the middle, or the last two joints of the antennae 
thicker than the others. . 3. Heterotominae 

15 (14). Arolia connate with the claws, very rarely free, in this case 
closely approximated to them, sometimes expanded at apex with 
the claws minute, faleiform; frequently narrowly laminate, 
rarely none, in this case the wing-cell furnished with a hamus. 

2. Phylinae 


VoL. 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 203 


16 (1). Membrane with but one areole, the vein mostly parallel with 
the suture. Elytra destitute of an embolium and cuneus. Pro- 
thorax without an apical stricture. First tarsal joint long. 
Arolia none. 1. Lygaeoscytinae 


Of these, the subfamily Lygaeoscytinae is Australian ; the sub- 
family Bothynotinae is confined to the Old World; the subfamily 
Phylinae is equivalent in our fauna to my Phylini, Bryocorinae 
to my Bryocorini, and Cylapinae to my Cylapini. Reuter’s sub- 
family Heterotominae is the same as my Orthotylini, but his 
typical division Heterotomaria was first founded as Litosomidae 
by Douglas and Scott in 1865; but their genus Litosoma being 
a straight synonym of Orthotylus Fieb., the tribe, or division of 
Reuter, must be called Orthotylini and the subfamily Ortho- 
tylinae. Reuter’s Macrolophinae embrace my Dicyphini (Macro- 
‘lopharia Kirk., 1906 is antedated by Idolocoridae Dougl. and 
Seott, 1865, the typical genus Idolocoris Dougl. and Scott, 1865, 
being a synonym of Dicyphus Stal, 1858), and my Hallodapini 
which is equivalent to Cremnocephalaria Reut. (first established 
as Eroticoridae Dougl. and Scott, 1865, the typical genus Frotr- 
coris Dougl. and Seott being a synonym of Hallodapus Fieb., 
1858). Lastly Reuter’s Mirinae include my Myrini, Capsini and 
Horistini; the latter, termed Restheniaria by Reuter, was first 
distinguished as Lopidae by Douglas and Scott in 1865, their 
Lopus being equivalent to Horistus Fieb., 1861. It will be noticed 
that Reuter has entirely ignored the work of Douglas and Scott, 
who were the first to break up the great family Capsidae into 
smaller divisions. That their divisions were sometimes made too 
limited in scope and were termed families is no reason for ignor- 
ing them entirely. Reuter uses the termination -ina for his sub- 
families, which I have changed to -inae to make them conform to 
modern usage. 


KEY TO THE TRIBES 


Apical margin of pronotum without a collar, swollen or elevated in a hood 
BVO LN CLD ANG? Olu LUG sVOLGOX. sg-nstecesedechc-esred eee ce ese arete neces: Clivinemini 
Apical margin of pronotum not swollen or elevated in a hood above the 
[CREE Lae GAG! gp a oR Gea ata ate 2 eh drat pce ANE ANI ea Ses ae iE Sey ape 1 

1. Third tarsal joint thickened toward its apex; membrane in our genera 
PRAT EG EES ACSI AM ep Sa RI a le GS ae ee I ek Bryocorini 
PemeRird CATSG) TOING LINGBT, OF TOALLY S80. sis--.sasecncanece=s--gcee-soneue-daaten--cescystonsees 2 


204 University of California Publications. | ENToMoLoey 


bo 


. Pronotum with a distinet apical collar, or with a flattened anterior 


margin simulating’ a collar Ve. 2e Ne iketeectee eee a eae 3 

— ‘Pronotum without a collar sos ocak. ee see ore ace nc 9 
3. Pronotal collar convex, separated from anterior disk by a distinct 
INCIS EC) VM oo 25k ec eee aes gee ee pen pe 4 

— Pronotal collar flat, without an incised line behind it, or wanting; 
body elongated, often lin@ar .......2---2c...-ctic constr cxenes-eeeunp- tearoom 8 


4, Head viewed from above short, vertical, produced below the eye for 
nearly twice the length of the eye; antennae long and slender, much 
longer than the entire body, inserted the length of the clypeus above 
its base; basal joint of the tarsi as long as the following two 
together; arolia wanting; vertex deeply sulcate; pronotal collar very 
SLE) K0 (=) Pn Re Ae Ee RM Mere no eee le A | Cylapini 

— Head not greatly produced below the eye; antennae rarely longer than 
the entire body, inserted about on the line of the base of the 
clypeus; basal joint of the tarsi shorter than the following two 
taken stoPet her s.23 ects es the censcpocccacetershseeeetenet ee hae a nee ee 5 

. Rostrum long, passing the middle of the venter; head produced, hori- 
zontal or nearly so; tibiae smooth, or with minute pubescence only; 
tarsi slender, basal point but little shorter than the following two 


Ol 


together; arolia wanting .._..4fc2 scene Fulvini 
— Rostrum shorter, scarcely surpassing the hind coxae; tibiae armed with 
bristles or clothed with longer hair, rarely smooth ................-..-2--+- 6 


6. Pronotal collar broad, convex, about as broad as the eallosities; tibiae 
thickly clothed with soft hairs but without rows of stouter bristles; 
body opaque, black, marked with red or fulvous.................... Horistini 

— Pronotal collar narrow, convex, often linear, rarely broad; then flat 
with the body elongated, tibiae smooth and pronotum broadest 
before: the-middle: 3 nccr cn sesacelscereeee sepa eee ice ee 7 

7. Body elongated, often linear; base of scutellum usually exposed; tibiae 
smooth or nearly so; arolia minute and united with base of the 
claws, or as long as the claws and lying close to them........ Dicyphini 

— Body rarely elongated, with the base of scutellum exposed and tibiae 
smooth or nearly so, arolia in this case free and divergent at 
DOK Sale ceeecdveu nsec nesusntonescogesie she tete sey amen sotsc Ge sOee ete tee exten ne en Capsini 

8. Tarsi long, first joint longer than the following two together; pronotal 
collar a mere flattening of the anterior margin, or sometimes want- 
ing; vertex often sulcate; arolia large, free, often clavate......Mirini 

— Tarsi shorter, first joint not longer than the third, usually shorter, 
pronotal collar often wanting; arolia united with the claws or want- 


1h sen eR MEP A Rial ee heer IE Cen el Ds Seo Ll, te Bn Bobs ce Hallodapini 
9. Arolia free, parallel, or converging toward their tips; wing-cell with- 
OUTE BATA Gee oes sen naan teag opens eet ee ec Orthotylini 


— Arolia wanting, or parallel with and usually united to the claws at 
base, wing-cell normally with a hamus. 22.223. Phylini 


Vou 1.} Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 205 


KEYS TO THE GENERA 
TRIBE MIRINI Douglas and Scott 


Head exserted, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes, which are not con- 
tiguous to the anterior angles of pronotum; pronotum with a dis- 


GL ICuaCOL 5 petseret treats One ey. VIM MC he ee te eee ee ete a 1 
Head not obviously exserted, eyes contiguous to the anterior angles of 
PA LAMAOUULINES ODOT OUTIL Ya Otitis eae ee eae Mee en) etal hte eed a ee A 2 
1. Head strongly exserted, eyes being located at about the middle; 
median sulcus of the vertex short but distinct.......... 1. Collaria Prov. 


— Head little exserted, eyes being located near to the hind margin of the 
head but distinctly separated from the anterior angles of pronotum; 
vertex transversely depressed between the eyes, median sulcus 


CHP UV MOTE IT ORO COLOUG yout ee teh al ated peels Lota, 2. Miris Fabr. 

2. Base of pronotum truneated or a little emarginate at the middle........ 3 
— Base of pronotum concavely arcuated, leaving the base of seutellum 
RV LUIEAD Pee CRORULL Witsc de Maes ieee. otk that ck eet an em cea Ea cee tot saat chee Eee tant a act Ae ceases 5 

3. Basal lobe of scutellum covered by pronotum............ 3. Stenodema Lap. 
Reo LOD Gy OL SCCLGl UI: BX POSE) <5 dcds ic cos dedsyccet dul atats Reeves sh Wee set aoa A lecdl 4 
4. Body narrow, elongated; head one-third longer than broad, nearly or 
quite as long as the pronotum ................c0cse000s: 4, Megaloceraea Fieb. 

— Body more ovate; head short, not longer than broad, much shorter than 
BAVEne (DOCU GLUE oe fic eee OES goes 2 0E Uae ah et 5. Mesomiris Reut. 

5. Large areole of the membrane entirely hyaline; head long and pointed, 
with the median sulcus deep .............-...-.---.------- ..6. Trigonotylus Fieb. 


— large areole of the membrane, or at least its outer half, opaque punc- 
tate; head short, transversely flattened at base, median sulcus 
CHIEU MESHES Una Yee fel NYG Uh) an er 7. Teratocoris Fieb. 


TRIBE HORISTINI n.n. 


Head short, vertical, when viewed from the side nearly square at apex, 
gula almost obliterated; elytra parallel, or the costa regularly and 
feebly arcuated; second joint of hind tarsi not more than half the 
EES Ae IADR FES Ss CCR a Ape BO Aa epee SUR, es alba Tl eRe EOE Re 1 

Head a little oblique, when viewed from the side distinetly produced and 
narrowed toward the apex, gula quite long, oblique; elytra con- 
siderably expanded beyond the middle; second joint of hind tarsi 
nearly or quite as long as the first -..................-.---- 2. Opisthuria Reut. 

1. Vertex and front more or less convex, front not at all tumidly pro- 
jecting before the clypeus; sides of pronotum anteriorly carinate 
only across the incisure separating the collum....1. Platytylellus Reut. 

— Front tumid, projecting prominently before the base of the clypeus; 
pronotal margins anteriorly carinate to behind the ecallosities -......... 

3. Oncerometopus Reut. 


ee ee enn hn 


TRIBE CAPSINI Reuter 
KEY TO THE DIVISIONS 


Body linear, constricted at the middle; pronotum swollen at its middle 
and as wide there, or wider, than on hind margin....1. Myrmecoraria 


206 University of California Publications. |ENToMoLocy 


Body rarely linear and constricted at the middle, pronotum in this case 
widles§: behind 1.225 Set ict cece cerep coe beateennovn a cevncauitlemeseeer taste eens teas eae aan 1 

1. Arolia free, divergent, usually more or less curved and clavate .......... 2 
— Arolia absent, their place taken by two parallel setae; membrane often 
uniareolate; body robust, polished .....................--------- 5. Deraeocoraria 

2. Body above impunctate, or with fine aciculate punctures only............ 3 
— Body above, or at least the pronotum, coarsely distinctly punctate, 
polished; callosities? prominent s.22. file. eee ee eee 4, Capsaria 

3. Form more elongate, parallel or subparallel, cuneus at most but slightly 
depressed and the fracture small -....-.0022...2..--2------c0c00+- 2. Phytocoraria 

— Form more ovate, elytra more distinctly convex, the cuneus strongly 
defiexediand the:fracture deep 25k 3. Dichrooscytaria 


DIVISION 1. MYRMECORARIA Reut. 


Head constricted into a short neck behind the eyes; clypeus prominent, 
convex, its base distinct from the front; pronotal collar with a dis- 
tinctiineised ine Denhind..6. eee eee 1. Mimoceps Uhl. 

Head not constricted behind the eyes; clypeus depressed, merged with the 
front; stricture of pronotal collar evenescent at its middle .............. 
Pe ebb basch baissh cana caig note cea salete secs he aoe BNE RE a 2. Pithanus Fieb. 


DIVISION 2. PHYTOCORARIA Reut. 


Body above opaque and impunctate —. eee cece se seeceee recess 1 
Body above more or less distinctly polished, sometimes shagreened or 
aciculate-punctate and almost Opaque oo. cccccerurepsseeeeeeeeeee 4 

1. Form linear, constricted at the middle; pronotum produced, almost 
cylindrical before; vertex suleate ......................-- 1. Paraxenetus Reut. 

— Body not constricted at the middle, pronotum trapezoidal; vertex not 
obviously Sule@ate cosy csi- 3 -tckeecoceecegyaye raat 7e eee eee 2 


2. First antennal joint thickened and clothed with flattened hairs ............ 
Bee oa ee eeu nee h win hou avy cucu Pachenics Beceeos scare eee a ee 2. Neurocolpus Reut. 


— First antennal joint without flattened hairs...............--.---csecceecseeeeeoseee 3 
3. Hind femora linear, terete or nearly So .................----- 4, Ecertcbia Reut. 

— Hind femora ligulate, flattened, broadest near the base and tapering 
fromsmiuldleso Apex 27 ee er ee 3. Phytocoris Fall. 

4, Head not or scarcely vertical, when viewed from the side distinctly 

narrowed below antennae; gula oblique .........-.....--..ce---cssseessecesessseense 5 

— Head vertical, thick and cylindrical below antennae; gula nearly or 
quite. parallel -with tylus (20.0.3... -1 5... 2 seas aeseovye cre fone 10 

5. Second antennal joint strongly clavate, fusiform, more tapering toward 

[09:5 - ope aan sel aia erieenaies yywar Sees arvtk ar T au eh Rae SP 10. Garganus Stal. 

— Second antennal joint sometimes moderately thickened but not strongly 
CLA VETO ji. 5c57beceysowse sth ade wan reuahs Sevev-enne steesesicedosuacaor=h) le avey 2g hie teen eee err 6 

6. Vertex not suleate at: DAS xin 2) ceccac.hcececcee cecoacecseeee eee ff 

w= Vertex sulcate ab: DAS cece wecctecceetcsctencceets erate coeeevs otese Sas trae eet 8 


7. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the second.....9. Ganocapsus Van D. 
— First joint of hind tarsi much longer than the second....8. Stenotus Reut. 


VoL. 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 207 


8. Face opaque, distinctly obliquely striate; sulcus conspicuous; clypeus 
not at all polished; callosities inconspicuous........ 5. Creontiades Dist. 
— Face polished, without distinct striae; sulcus inconspicuous; clypeus 
AVIS CLL se CHILGSILICH POON EPIGUOUSs ot ce eiecee tee ee bawut cece ante ncbes een a 9 
9. Sides of pronotum carinate; collar broad; head subhorizontal; eyes 
SRE AN ha) EAN OU poem cae asp fl dt We in er act de ey eed 6. Allorhinocoris Reut. 
— Sides of pronotum ecarinate, rounded; collar very slender; head nearly 
vertical and thick at apex, extending but little below the large 
WEE RACAL: GY OO erm tee freee es LP oe cet aecabes 7. Adelphocoris Reut. 
10. Second antennal joint clavate, clavate portion occupying the apical 
third and strongly flattened and suleate above; vertex without a 


sulcus; surface polished, nude ...................-.-..-- 11. Ectopiocerus Uhler 
— Second antennal joint linear, not at all clavate; surface above clothed 
with a close pubescence ........ Peas Re Alan Retna ah ae eer Een OO ECO 11 


11. Whole upper surface closely, minutely shagreened, giving the insect an 
opaque aspect; vertex suleate at base; antennae inserted much 
POLO Warts OY. OF accent] teers ee eure eas eae nL AG peut eee 13. Thyrillus Uhler 

— Upper surface more polished; base of vertex with a transverse groove 
but searcely prolonged at the middle in a sulcus; antennae inserted 
close against the lower angle of the eyes .................- 12. Irbisia Reut. 


DIVISION 3. DICHROOSCYTARIA Douglas and Scott 


Upper surface opaque or nearly so, clothed with short pubescence ............ 1 
Upper surface highly polished, nude; form broad-ovate; cuneus strongly 
CHESS ep EAs Bias a ta Pt Shape Wo ile oh pe EE eg ler Oe? ee 6 

1. Pronotum marked with a pair of round black points, occasionally 
Wonton ppecimens NOt Lully: COlOTEC: caj...s6-c-503 cece ecsecass cee den conc ncee 2 

— Pronotum without the pair of round black points ..........2..2202..--..---.---+- 4 
2. Basal joint of antennae terete, or nearly 80. q.........---.-.------csetecnncossnennenneee 3 
— Basal joint of antennae strongly compressed, nearly as wide as hind 
Sa AtM ay de RO AES a enc et BY ea oe ke Oe 2. Lampethusa Dist. 

3. Second antennal joint linear; first joint with but few minute hairs, 
not, or scarcely, longer than the head ...................--- 4. Calocoris Fieb. 

— Second antennal joint thickened toward the apex; first joint densely 
pubescent, hairs nearly or quite as long as the thickness of the 

CULES oo Nc UM Ed ale de ot 68 BU i aia ele ae a 3. Paracalocoris Dist. 

4. Antennae stout, second joint strongly clavate, third and fourth abruptly 
slender and together scarcely longer than the first; body broad oval, 
densely sericeous-pubescent; scutellum tumid.... 1. Pycnocoris Van D. 

— Antennae slender, second joint linear, third and fourth joints together 
MenetY OF GUILe AstlONP AS ENE SOCOM o.aie.secetk ences gene cerca ensacndeancnetnceens 5 

5. Head exserted, the small rounded eyes not overlapping pronotal angles; 
base of clypeus when viewed from above much anterior to the inser- 

PLOT a1) All VOU Oy ccoccceder ahr sacs Seat oe vaae eccerien Ae 5. Poeciloscytus Fieb. 

— Head broad and short, closely set against pronotum, the large eyes 
overlapping its anterior angles; base of clypeus when viewed from 
above in a line with base of antennae ............ 6. Dichrooscytus Fieb. 


208 University of California Publications. | NToMoLoey 


6. Rostrum long, reaching at least to intermediate coxae; pronotum with 
obscure scattering impressed points, but not at all punctate ............ 
pe ads Pie Re ee Semen ti iy me Pte Ee ete Stier ny CS 7. Horcias Dist. 

— Rostrum short, not surpassing anterior coxae; pronotum obscurely 
PUNE HUT | eae Meheeeeeres escent Pe adees eee Ree ea 8. Poecilocapsus Reut. 


DIVISION 4. CAPSARIA Reut. 


Vertex suleate and transversely striate; second joint of hind tarsi much 
shorter: thanrirst ale dee e 4, Platylygus Van D. 
Vertex more or less polished, scarcely striate or sulcate; first and second 
tarsal. joints subequal cis 22s... ccco- dacs. les ea ee sa nese eee er E 

1. Elytra nearly flat, cuneus at most but moderately deflexed -................. 2 
— Elytra more convex, cuneus much deflexed and the fracture deep...... 6 
2. First and second antennal joints rather thick, the second linear and. 
scarcely thinner than the first, or in the female slightly attenuated 

at base and apex act ace la eres ee 3 

— Second antennal joint more or less distinctly thickened toward its 
apex; sometimes sublinear but then distinctly thinner than joint 


OTEG 8 esecs eschsnl es eke sale, Seek psec bee een Cece Oe at eee eed ee . 4 
3. Base of vertex flattened, hind margin carinate; base of scutellum but 
little exposed; elytra oblong, parallel ........................ 3. Lygidea Reut. 


— Vertex convex, polished, its base ecarinate; base of scutellum broadly 
exposed; body oval, distinctly broader behind the middle; color 

1210 RE een Mun LUN Be Dp Ae Rte E INE ny DL! ha ge bo 2. Coccobaphes Uhl. 

4. Third and fourth antennal joints abruptly thinner and together 
scarcely more than half the length of the second joint, which is 
linear and moderately thickened but thinner than first ................--....- 

DB aietinccncinlh (obec rn doa ek ee eed eee ee 6. Tropidosteptes Uhl. 

— Antennae slender, third and fourth joints setaceous and together at 
least two-thirds the length of the second .2..)..-..22 ee 5 

. Form more ovate; sides of the pronotum earinate......7. Neoborus Dist. 
— Form more elongated and subparallel; sides of the pronotum ecarinate 
pr Peo eas Ee RSME eo dyat Sea ERE See 8 ad 8. Xenoborus Reut. 

6. Inner cheeks tumidly convex, forming almost a tubercle beyond base 
of antennae; second antennal joint clavate; pronotum coarsely 
punctured; head broad behind and concentric with the anterior 
MALTON Ola DION GUE cece pease ce oe ee 1. Capsus Linn. 

— Inner cheeks convex but not prominently tumid; second antennal joint 
but little thicker at apex; pronotum more finely punctured; eyes 
rounded behind, head not concentric with the anterior margin of 

POT OUO GUT eee va acacia 5 ee bp ees ate ea Se ra eae eee 5. Lygus Hahn. 


On 


DIvISION 5. DERAEOCORARIA Douglas and Scott 


Vertex transversely striate and longitudinally suleate; second joint of 
hind tarsi much shorter than’ first and third 12)... 1 
Vertex more or less polished, scarcely striate or suleate; first and second 
tarsal joints’ subequal 2. 2.2i.A ie ee 2 


Vou 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 209 


1. Second antennal joiut clavate; third and fourth short and thick, fusi- 
form; prosternal xyphus convex, but slenderly margined .................... 

tA ha ER Ob ART SLE ¢ Koel aiei tee ob Sos WREERN OD Ae Te ae 2. Diplozona Van D. 

— Antennae linear, of nearly equal thickness throughout; second joint 
scarcely enlarged at apex, third and fourth linear...1. Cimatlan Dist. 

2. Elytra punctate, not bullate behind; basal joint of hind tarsi not pro- 
ducedsbelow: beyond + the second: soe re ae ee ee tesa aan cso deat 3 

— Elytra impunctate, bullate behind, cuneus almost vertical; basal joint 
of hind tarsi thickened, oblique at apex and attaining the apex of 
second joint; head nearly vertical, but little produced before the 

OR css Bil ee ce ee oe RE Cee Does Pr Eye Sune ieee | Heme ras eet 4, Klopicoris Van D. 

3. Head strongly produced and nearly horizontal, surpassing apex of 
short first antennal joint; second antennal joint thick and very long, 
nearly linear, longer than the remaining three joints taken together; 

sides of pronotum ecarinate —......00.-.---. 3. Burychilopterella Reut. 

— Head less produced, not surpassing middle of basal antennal joint...... 4 
4. Sides of pronotum carinate, antennae rather short and slender, apex of 
the second joint distinctly thickened; membrane often uniareolate; 
xyphus sometimes convex on the middle ........ 5. Camptobrochis Fieb. 

— Sides of the pronotum ecarinate; antennae longer, basal two joints 
stout, the first surpassing the apex of the head by two-thirds its 
length, second a little thicker apically............ 6. Deraeocoris Kirschb. 


TRIBE BRYOCORINI Douglas and Scott 


Form oblong, more or less elongated, elytra parallel or subparallel............ ] 
Beret eR OE CGE COV Centr OEL ROU GC teeta haan elien cee ones sno pectaedaasinersctasesioe 4 
1. Eyes on a suberect stylus which is at least as long as the width of the 
Us SR Ao 2 Ue ON es ee 9. Hesperolabops Kirk. 

Bement RepesesSi) Olea GeTOBE Ube SUSU y bE LG ns 2 a2-ancpcdes~accecco-a-3anenseue ch <wvionnesteens 2 
. Eyes large, exserted or substylate; callosities convex, oblique, con- 
tiguous at middle of pronotum, leaving a transverse triangular 


bo 


aha tog ARN Tach ee WM aT an xs Doeae os See ep ers ee a 8. Caulatops Berger. 

— Eyes smaller, not at all stylate; callosities more transverse, not con- 
A SCITOLVCR SW ne EG FDS neg Srey A A VILE dita loy ed Eee Rr pet en ee pera 3 

3. Body opaque, pubescent; second joint of antennae long, about equal- 
Pea sew a GavOts DEON OCUIN ete Be toearee geet ots 7. Dacota Uhl. 

— Body smooth, more or less polished; second joint of antennae short, 
Noeluncen Nan vwad la Ots MOAti a) <hr nti ekiecy..-eetonge ac. 6. Sysinas Dist. 

4, Pronotum with a prominent linear collar .............. 5. Monolocoris Dahlb. 
Seale TF OUOCUMH Wi tNOmUb ay ISTIC L COLLAT cence nessa seech decrectiadscnacshyozddexnudcevatdues sedan 5 
5. Seutellum without a triangular discal impression .................2-..:-----s0+--0+ 6 
— Sceutellum with a triangular discal impression .........2......222..--2::0---00000+ 7 
6. Embolium broadly expanded, about as wide as hind femora; pronotum 


strongly convex and bullate behind, with three longitudinal impres- 
SUC) ee ee ne a ee ee cet aoe Se Eos Tey 4, Pycnoderes Guer. 
— Embolium linear; pronotum convex but not at all bullate or longi- 
PUI Vet pYOsseG OU Ns 2 2eccdsarstcatnesnsteseetcsss 3. Sixeonotus Reut. 


210 University of California Publications. [EN ToMoLoGy 


7. Antennae inserted close to apex of the eye, basal joint very short, one- 
third shorter than width of front ...................... 2. Halticotoma Reut. 
— Antennae inserted some distance above apex of the eye, last joint 
considerably longer than width of vertex and much surpassing 
CL Y POIs ee nc epee eran Or ducer ete nee 1. Cyrtocapsus Stal. 


TRIBE CLIVINEMI Reuter 


Second antennal joint linear; sides of pronotum without a distinct carina 
EP eRe VY Meehan tin tr g AEE ee 5 lor Hee Rear cd oe hg eee 1. Clivinema Reut. 
Second antennal joint stout, clavate, apical two short and abruptly slender; 
sides of pronotum distinctly carinated ................ 2. Largidea Van D. 


TRIBE CYLAPINI Reuter 


Form oval; head short, vertical; vertex with a deep longitudinal impres- 
sion; antennae very long and slender, much surpassing tip of mem- 
brane; basal joint thickened, fusiform ....................---.-- 1, Cylapus Say 


TRIBE FULVINI Uhler 
Body elongated; costa but feebly arcuate; sides of pronotum concavely 


arcuate, humeral angles prominent ..............---.-------0+-+- 1. Fulvius Stal. 
Body broad-oval; costa strongly arcuate; sides of pronotum not at all con- 
cavely arcuate, humeri not prominent .................- 2. Peritropis Uhler 


TRIBE HALLODAPINI n.n. 


Tarsal claws with arolia minute or wanting 220.4... 1 
Tarsal claws with long parallel arolia; females sometimes wingless, for- 
SLANE RH) ot geen Enlevee nena Mee MEY AUN, CUE HMA in 5 

1. Hind margin of pronotum with a median spine, behind which the edge 
IS STO CC BOG es ee cake ececece center tee eee ee 1. Dacerla Sign. 

— Hind margin of pronotum without spine or notch ...........-..-2-c0:sence--+-ecees 2 
2. Head short, vertical, but little produced below the eyes ................---.---- 3 
— Head long, oblique, produced below the eyes for a distance nearly as 
great as the length of the eye 4.22 eee 4 


3. Posterior lobe of scutellum tumidly elevated....2, Cyrtopeltocoris Reut. 
— Posterior lobe of scutellum transversely moderately convex, hori- 
OVC (eal Mane kes es cttets te ee been eee 3. Sericophanes Reut. 
4. Posterior lobe of scutellum moderately convex, subearinate; sides of 
pronotum almost rectilinear, a little curved outward at the humeri 
sragastee saeee Lee fe catos tro aca neck Ree a ee RS 2 ee 4, Closterocoris Uhler 
— Posterior lobe of scutellum tumidly elevated, subconical, as high as 


bases of promot: ei eee 5. Cyphopelta Van D. 
5. Second antennal joint clavate ......... Wd et aah yl 6. Orectoderus Uhler 
— Second antennal joint linear .22...0.2..-2cenecectcececteens 7. Coquillettia Uhler 


TRIBE DICYPHINI Reuter 


Hind margin of pronotum rectilinear, or slightly concavely arcuate; head 
vertical before, when viewed from the side not projecting before 
eyes; hind margin of callosities located considerably before the 
Middle OL the. prOuO bu Ml ce ccceene chek tee eee 1. Hyalicdes Reut. 


Vou. 1.] Van Duzee——Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 211 


Hind margin of pronotum concavely arcuate, leaving base of scutellum 
exposed; head sometimes nearly vertical but then narrowly but 
distinctly surpassing front line of eyes; hind margin of callosities 
nearly or quite attaining middle of pronotum .........................:.:ce0000 1 

1. Head when viewed from the side distinctly produced and oblique; 
angle of face (angle of tylus and bucculae) subacute; eyes small 


and oblique, placed at middle of the head .......... 4, Macrolophus Fieb. 
— Head vertical or nearly so; apex of head truncated, facial angle a 
ravhteanples reves, MATEO BNO EVEr UIC le iecn sees cic tas yy steel eee deat anc pe ses 2 


2. Head produced in a distinct neck behind eyes, space behind the eye 
when viewed from the side about as long as width of the eye 
5p ARE Ble a EN A fester ial aN nett > EEL EL PARP a 2 Ra ae 2. Dicyphus Fieb. 

— Head scarcely produced behind the eye, forming but a very slender 
margin there of about the width of pronotal collum .......000...0....0...... 
ep tte AR Rs DRE Lowy ae ARF Pek rh ee a i Eee ME 3. Engytatus Reut. 


TRIBE ORTHOTYLINI n.n. 
KEY TO THE DIVISIONS 


Head broad with eyes stylate, their inner margins being beyond the pro- 


TQLAtsAT OLOS pode trait rote eee re eee ene nS 1. Laboparia Reut. 

Head sometimes broad but eyes not at all stylate -............2...0...--sencaneesee 1 
1. Head broad, hind margin sharp, concentric with or overlapping an- 
BOLTON SALLI) OM LOI CELI aa tor cca rials Sete ae nny a cesses ake ig eas aan ncdvced 2 

— Head not unusually broad, not concentric with or overlapping anterior 
Maron) Ol: DTONOUIN se CVOs TOUNCECG: DONING 2.2.2 2c foredet ess otccceokrecacreserce 3 

2. Form broad-oval; hind femora often broad, saltatorial; clypeus distinct 
PROUT CLG) LE O01 eamrmereeet aterm fatepte: Min er crs ein inte 2. Halticaria Kirk. 


— Form elongated, body often constricted at the middle; hind femora 
normal; clypeus depressed and fused with the front ...........0.........--.-.-- 
ee Aesth A NRA 5 co Ae a A 3. Pilophoraria Reut. 

3. Apical two joints of antennae not thinner than the second .....................- 
coat ae dabei: 28 55s ha har aie 5p eit lati Ree ee 4, Ceratocapsaria n.n. 
— Apical two joints of antennae abruptly thinner than the second, seta- 
COLO RA ana TCE Sg Be Eat anet acced al oti aletly oRe i acalese F taesU a aR oe ee SP 4 
4. Base of vertex and sides of pronotum sharply carinate; anterior mar- 
gin of pronotum sometimes distinctly elevated in a ridge by a trans- 
verse depression before callosities; body opaque....5. Lopidearia n.n. 

— Base of vertex and sides of pronotum sometimes more or less carinate; 
anterior margin of pronotum in this case not at all elevated ............ 
A nde | No Aids Ne EA oS Sho. os andy 2 ae ADP 6. Orthotylaria n.n. 


DIVISION 1 JLABOPARIA Reut. 
Beal UeGr ioe WOLD R OELGH I: 2 ONL US races gcse rece, tes tee agntcvergeeeacnels Lavops Burm. 


DIvISION 2. HALTICARIA Reut. 
Antennae long, setaceous, as long as entire body; hind femora greatly 
Hattenede Sal caCOrl ale. vee se. en ceches adele: wees foobeates! 1. Halticus Hahn. 
Antennae seareely longer than elytra; hind femora not greatly widened 
TLOTEOAILE COULD Dae ete eet eee hehe ttaes. 2. Strongylocoris Blanch. 


zie University of California Publications. | #NTomMoLoey 


DIVISION 3. PILOPHORARIA Reut. 


Head with eyes little wider than anterior margin of pronotum; sides of 
pronotum not areuated; body not constricted at the middle; upper 
surface ornamented with dots. of silvery hairs 0... eee 
Spt a cea Sn OR PRIA Ue LLNS Me ao Me Ah eB iA 1. Heterocordylus Fieb. 

Head much wider than anterior margin of pronotum; sides of pronotum 
arcuate; body constricted at the middle; elytra sometimes with 
transverse’ lines of silvery Hairs’ 22520 -2- os cee ctecene sees i 

1. Second antennal joint distinetly clavate; body constricted at the 
middle; elytra usually ornamented with transverse lines of pale 
SOale- Lik @unains vest ele ee eceee en ty tseeee eee ae 2. Pilophorus Hahn. 

— Second antennal joint almost linear; body scarcely constricted at the 
middle; elytra without transverse lines of scale-like hairs -................. 
Bees Be A a 5 EO a ne cr a nn 3. Alepidia Reut. 


DIVISION 4. CERATOCAPSARIA 0D.n. 


Pronotum anterior to the middle nearly cylindrical, then rather abruptly 
flaring to the humeri; elytra sparsely clothed with long hairs ............ 
Be se dat Uae eager es re ters Na et pee acd ae ee eee ee 1. Pamilia Uhl. 
Pronotum regularly narrowing anteriorly, its sides not constricted at the 
TOL 6 saan cS asc ae csctes ates eae aeee Bee gs eee 1 
L.Blytra parallel head: yertical es 2. Tiryas Kirk 
— Elytra with costa more or less arcuate; head obviously oblique .............. 
ee EE ee eth | WORDEN S oT Ae SONA S Nec e bee Ei 3. Ceratocapsus Reut. 


DIVISION 5. MLOPIDEARIA 0.n. 


Vertex prominent, convex, its base strongly carinate across its whole 
width; anterior edge of pronotum not elevated....3. Hadronema Uhl. 
Base of vertex carinate only at the middle, carina not reaching the eye, 


anterior*margin of pronotum elevated 222 2./2.te see 1 

1. Basal two joints of antennae incrassate, the second narrowed toward 
its apex and sometimes flattened in males........ 1. Lomatopleura Reut. 

— Second antennal joint linear or nearly S80............-------------- 2. Lopidea Uhl. 


DIvIsIOoN 6. ORTHOTYLARIA Douglas and Scott 


Pronotum constricted behind callosities, constriction continued over the 


sides, body elongated, 2... ge iL 
Pronotal stricture if present not continued over the sides ..........--.-..---:----- 2 


1. Posterior coxae distant; basal joint of antennae a little longer than 
head; pronotum with a collar-like constriction -.....................0eeee 
Lae ~Shsppactiphtepvaedeyonane dee tepsnneconneysdndensadeedoveasyente ere en © SOUGOR CLG tan a 
— Posterior coxae contiguous; basal joint of antennae short, scarcely 


BIUpAssINeecly Peus a ca ea ee eee ee 2. Globiceps Fieb. 

2. Eyes placed near or before the middle of sides of head ....................--.. 3 
— Hyes placed on hind margin of head, vertex not continuing around 
behind the Oy Os irs. ociee. eevcndecedeoaseanne tarapentiendengecas eco eee 4 


3. Head a little triangularly produced before the eyes; vertex and front 
together convex, base of the former rounded over and not at all 
earinate; elytra parallel; membrane biareolate....3. Paraproba Dist. 


VoL. 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 213 


On 


~ 


10. 


ithe 


Head truncate before, not produced before eyes; vertex broadly ex- 
cavated, base arcuated and carimate; elytra broad, the embolium 
well developed; areoles of membrane merged into one, dividing 
nervure nearly or quite obsolete, their surface similar in structure 
to the diaphanous corium and cuneus ................ 4, Hyalochloria Reut. 


. Eyes rounded behind, in conformity with the curve of the base of the 


vertex, thus bringing eyes away from pronotal angles; base of 
vertex ecarinate in the male, very obtusely carinate in the female; 
elytra ample, flat subhyaline ss 22. wee oe. 5. Diaphnidia Uhl. 
Hind margin of vertex and eyes forming nearly or quite a straight 
line, thus bringing eyes into proximity to pronotal angles .............. 5 


. Tender whitish insects with elytra a little wider than humeri; basal 


joint of antennae lineate with black exteriorly; vertex ecarinate. 
EAR iis Ree mee, OUT: Re ook a eo ee Oe 6. Reuteria Put. 
Sometimes tender and whitish, then with vertex carinate at base and 
PiGh el POU AL e1Olnn yi LOU bee aCe GMT sateen eM ea eee 6 


. Vertex with a distinct carina at base behind a. transverse impression, 


lord 


this impressed area sometimes with a foveate dot on either side... 7 
Vertex without a distinct basal carina; sometimes tumid at base, 
simulating an obtuse carina, with surface before it broadly tri- 
Mia W EW Sacra Coven gsitels eke aaewacar Derek mee ee Ste te ooh nel Rae ge See ee Pee 8 


. Head viewed from the side short, apex never produced the length of 


the eye below its lower angle; pronotum without a round black 
SSO ele bite ge ANG RAT CWO AE kee Oe Renee soe oekwe leaned 7. Orthotylus Fieb. 
Head viewed from the side longer, apex produced at least the length 
of the eye below its lower angle; pronotum with an impressed 
round spot behind outer angle of callosities.............. 8. Ilnacora Reut. 


. Head vertical, with an oblique impression either side on vertex; 


clypeus prominent, convex, well distinguished at base; body above 
smooth, clothed with deciduous black hairs and minute silvery scale- 
like hairs (type Macrotylus angularis Uhl)....11. Pseudopsallus n. gen. 
Vertex without an oblique impression at base .........-.-..2..--.-ssccsessceeeseeees 9 
Pronotum with its base elevated above base of scutellum, strongly 
declinate anteriorly, its vertical height about equal to that of head; 
basal two joints of antennae flattened; body opaque, hirsute, elytra 


PILL e WAL lat ee 10 CVO ACG ee eee onc ub iey st aaedcewnesass 9. Semium Reut. 
Pronotum not greatly raised above base of vertex and little above 
the level of scutellum; antennae not flattened .........0.....00..0..2:2eeeeeeeeee 10 
PAC OMmOLaT EOP a OCT GOILE UOSIEL tree cor .teue. Cathe ysce set ieecs fesnaavee eas cate aen aw 


Hind femora very broad (nearly one-third its length), saltatorial; head 
short, vertical; vertex ecarinate; basal antennal joint short, scarcely 
BUT POA 1s Dex OURUY IIS ei eee esc re set 15. Parthenicus Reut. 

Head transverse, vertical, viewed from above not projecting before 
eyes; pronotum campanulate, humeri prominent; males with their 
second antennal joints clavate...........-.-..--..---------20--- 10. Mecomma Fieb. 

Head viewed from above angularly produced before the line of the 
eyes; pronotum trapezoidal, humeri not abruptly prominent; an- 
pr TWEET ave grea eel Es pcs hfe” Py T Rh es Sw tee Oy alee eae ey dee ir ese NaN ee. Teen Re 12 


214 University of California Publications. | ENToMOLoGy 


12. Head vertical; dimorphic, females ovate, with eyes strongly arcuated 
and membrane abbreviated, males with elytra parallel; green or 
PTASD ANG DIACK WNSOCER teen eerste eee 12. Labopidea Uhl. 

— Head oblique, produced before eyes for about length of eye ................ 13 

13. Large green ovate species, with the body narrowed before and behind, 
tylus moderately produced; rostrum reaching to middle of venter 
(type Macrotylus vestitus Uhl.).............--.2---+ 13. Macrotyloides n. gen. 

— Smaller and more slender species, with the body linear; tylus com- 
pressed and semicircularly prominent, occupying about half the 
length of head beyond apex of eyes .............. 14. Argyrocoris Van D. 


TRIBE PHYLINI Douglas and Scott 
Prosternal xyphus depressed on its disk, its margin more or less elevated; 
arolia rather long and flattened, usually united with the claws ........ 
POD NARS Re RP MST ya ers Se aR Sepa ater gc) Division 1. Oncotylaria Reut. 
Prosternal xyphus convex, immarginate; arolia short and united with the 
GIS WS.OF CWA GL OS atce ee cee eee ee Division 2. Phylaria D. and S. 


DIVISION 1. ONCOTYLARIA Reut. 


Tarsal claws short and strongly incurved; arolia free, laminate, as long 
as the claws; clypeus prominent, viewed from the side strongly 


CUTV OO JE eters epee eee Cente Sr Bets raw re 1. Macrotylus Fieb. 
Tarsal claws longer, nearly straight, or somewhat curved toward their 
BP OK | cass eis A cc cae adv anceudg score ee oe nee as a 1 


1. Head long, rostrate-produced, when viewed from the side projecting 
before the eye for about twice the length of the eve; prosternal xyphus 
sometimes moderately convex, but a distinct marginal carina can 
be seen when vestiture is removed; body broad, ovate, much nar- 
rowed before; surface clothed with a fine whitish vestiture inter- 
mixed with stiff black hairs. 220.2 2. Haplomachidea Reut. 

— Head not produced before the eye for more than length of the eye; 
body oblong or elongated, clothed with a minute or uniform vesti- 
[ity : gerne e MOU ee eeneReN MAME it tee Rue eC Eo 2 

2. Clypeus prominent, its base but poorly distinguished from the front, 
placed much above the line of antennae; basal lobe of scutellum 
much exposed; arolia long, exceeding apex of claws, with which 
they are united for their whole length............ 3. Onychumenus Reut. 

— Clypeus moderately prominent, its base well distinguished from the 
front and placed a little above the line of antennae; base of pro- 
notum rectilinear, leaving basal lobe of scutellum but narrowly 
exposed; arolia slender, becoming free toward their apex and sur- 
passing the middle of the claws.................-.......0---0+ 4, Oncotylus Fieb. 


DIVISION 2. PHyLarta Douglas and Scott 
Head more or less produced; when viewed from the side having facial 
angle (between bucculae and line of elypeus) less than a right 
ANGLO \: cczpseensreeeent sv sadetniidalettidiaesa sactdiativavetnvs dat astenineteapsatt te seo eaten 1 


Vou. 1.] Van Duzee.—Synoptical Keys to Genera of Miridae. 215 


Head not or scarcely produced, when viewed from the side having the 


1 


facial angle nearly or/quite aright angle: on... icc. cceesercansesesetcnes 10 
Clypeus broad, depressed; first antennal joint not or scarcely sur- 
PASSING Cl VG US ee ere eee yee ents chee ant any ne cearects ang ece MEHOUALUS Lie. 
Cl¥ POs s PrOUs TON Gia COM VOR Metter stete ek sees ey es erectaiace<-Xnoovanovucessiagenstud-teesinsaatereens 2 


. Femora black or pale and dotted in longitudinal series; rarely pale 


without dots, then with tibiae dotted and marked with a darker 


SOT ELGG beet gt etree ne ey cn Pedr cand so omey'e aaa bdeundbsdy bet oysytnuaaavece 3 
Femora pale and irregularly dotted with darker or black; often with- 
out dots, then with tibiae pale without black points ...........2...........- 7 


. Head rostrate-produced, projecting before the eye for a distance much 


greater than length of eye; second antennal joint broadly flattened 
PU TUG MOG UC IIOT AS DIAC tse. sasnccctcagasusent8-rotecsenes 5. Criocoris Fieb. 
Head not produced before the eye for a space greater than width of 
the eye; second antennal joint linear in both sexes ..........0....22..:..-0++ 4 


. Femora black; body above conspicuously clothed with white hairs. 


eM Me Eo epi pe i ce heey 10. Apocremnus Fieb. 
Femora pale, dotted in longitudinal series; rarely black, then the body 
above with a fine pale pubescence only. ....W02................-sccccccsseceneseneeees 5 


. Tibiae dotted; antennae with second joint uniformly colored, or if 


Ppartlyecotoreaspalerenb Middle OF APEX Ls.k 2. occee sects sectedeeestacsecdpgcdeee 6 
Tibiae pale without dots, bristles only dark; femoral dots sometimes 
obsolete above; antennae with second joint black on apical half. 
escent aes 1 ae) ee 7. Rhinocapsus Uhl. 


. General color of whole body red or reddish-brown .............-........c.2-00000-0-+ 


Be RET Faye ete tos, oo act OL pe ec on 8. Gerhardiella Popp. 
General color pale, whitish or tinged with yellow, marked more or less 
with fuscous or black areas, sometimes entirely black ..........:............- 
ee ee eo og skonccowccaaresbulecuagaccanues, 9. Plagiognathus Fieb. 


7. Femora pale and irregularly dotted, at least below........ 2. Psallus Fieb. 
see RA RENO ELC 0's Deak le ae i a GR ea ae 8 
8. Color uniformly black or nearly black above, legs pale ........................-- 9 
— Color pale, more or less marked with fuscous or black above ...............- 
Se a reg Le oehca paca evandecumeed 1. Reuteroscopus Kirk. 

9, First antennal joint surpassing clypeus by more than half its length; 
body polished and nude above ...............-.--------- 6. Microphylellus Reut. 

— First antennal joint scarcely surpassing apex of clypeus; body above 
clothed with pale pubescence .................------.------- 4, Leptotylus n. gen. 

10. Vertex distinctly carinate at base; rostrum short, but little surpassing 
ILO M ATU GET OTICO RN OF 5 occ: 8 eto eit onion k eee 15. Myochroocoris Reut. 

— Vertex without a basal carina; rostrum longer ..............--..-.-----s---s++--+- 11 
11. Second antennal joint linear, neither clavate nor flattened ................ 12 
— Second antennal joint clavate or flattened and broader than first 
REET aS eRe OTE Dre eae sel cK cn Oe a aS. tC Som aKa aaa siasboes 21 

12. Clypeus well distinguished from the front by an incised suture ........ 13 


Clypeus confused with the front or with suture very obscure; size 
SSE FN Van cree SELER NTS UM MeMeen ire MRI Su. y's c8 oa vat gu sotty Bo. wa oekoneleeerapa dina cacodtas eas 1% 


216 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


13. Hind femora not at all saltatorial, not wider than the eye viewed from 
the side, pale, dotted in longitudinal series; tibial bristles black and 
inserted in black points; first joint of rostrum scarcely attaining 


basevols hevd, «ho ee. ccetealecs ete seer cet eee ee oe ne er 14 
— Hind femora saltatorial, much thickened or flattened, distinctly wider 
than lateral’ width of: the eye U.2.3 2. 3 ee ee 15 


14. Head broad, its width three-fourths that of hind margin of pronotum; 
viewed from the side produced below the eye for a distance as great 
BAe LGN wth yOL GY Cea ct ieee sea ns cena ee Coe Orem ee 12. Bolteria Uhl. 
— Head narrower, hardly more than half as broad as basal width of the 
pronotum; viewed from the side shorter, produced below the eye for 
hardly more than half length of the eye; body densely clothed 
Wiki White de@Glduous Dalits... ccc ee 11. Oligotylus n. gen. 
15. Femora black, tarsi annulated with white; body small, black .................. 
ee eR RAE ee cor Mi a ep I aly arte PPB a SRSA St he 20. Strophopoda n. gen. 
— Femora pale, dotted with fuscous or black points ..........---....-2---:::e2-0--00 16 
16. Base of clypeus on a line with the insertion of antennae ........................ 
eae sete bib crunches uucretce dbo dolh eee fbu a ea seue cence, ease irae) Oo gees COUAO SC oa 
— Base of clypeus above line connecting base of antennae ................-.-------- 
betas cocci tee NG th oo teed tt SEP eae et oo Pe meee See 17. Huropiella Reut. 
17. Third joint of hind tarsi as long as first and second together; arolia 
short, linear; attached to base of claws..............------ 18, Tuponia Reut. 
— Third joint of hind tarsi subequal to second, or shorter .............--...------ 18 
18. Head broad, about one-fifth narrower than hind margin of pronotum; 
body *black, ‘hind jfemora; blacks. ae. 19. Chlamydatus Curt. 
— Head narrower; body, including legs, pale .22........2.02)2 eee 19 
19. Head viewed from the side forming a squarish projection below the 
eyes; legs and antennae pale, immaculate; tibial spines black; body 
pale, clothed with short, thick black hair....23. Maurodactylus Reut. 


— Head forming a very short angular projection below the eyes............ 20 
20. Legs pale, femora immaculate; second antennal joint annulate with 
NOG Ke cope ceheeks ete babe nt ee eee Se eee 22. Cylloceps Uhl 
— Legs pale, hind femora dotted with black; first antennal joint annulate 
with bisck* #222. oc. ee ee 21. Campylomma Fieb. 
21. Second antennal joint terete, but little thickened at apex, longer than 
third and fourth togethers) 22 ce oe 24. Rhinacloa Reut. 
— Second antennal joint of the male broadly flattened ..._.....00.2. eee 22 


22. Body black, elytra pale brown, bifasciate with white .....................-scssete0 
PEN tt ee A OE Ms hes ULM POEL Loe ope Bex dS 14. Leucopoecila Reut. 
— Body entirely blue-black, or only coxae pale....._.. 13. Atractotomus Fieb. 


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‘UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS. 
oY 37 4 TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
“COLLEGE OF AcricuLTuRE, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
ENTOMOLOGY - | 
March 3, 1916 





Wats “3 No. 4, pp. 217- 227 





__» NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN GENERA AND 
= SPECIES OF ORTHOTYLINI 
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“UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 


TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 


ENTOMOLOGY 


Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 217-227 March 3, 1916 


NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN GENERA AND 
SPECIES OF ORTHOTYLINI 
(HEMIPTERA) 


BY 


EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE 


Hyalochloria bella n. sp. 


Larger than Orthotylus compsus Reut. from Jamaica; fulvo- 
testaceous, elytra white, beautifully varied with clear green 
blotches. Length 3.5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head small, vertical. Vertex broad and with base of front 
much flattened and depressed between the prominent eyes; apex 
of front convex; elypeus narrow and prominent. Eyes rather 
large; viewed from the side ovate, reaching two-thirds of the way 
to gula. Antennae inserted near to and a little above inner angle 
of the eye; first joint not so long as head, second more than three 
times longer. Rostrum long, reaching well over base of venter. 
Elytra ample, costa expanded for the first one-fourth of its 
length, beyond that subparallel. Bristles of hind tibiae pale and 
very minute. 

Color fulvo-testaceous. Pronotum in fully matured examples 
yellowish, with about six green blotches on posterior lobe. Scutel- 
lum sometimes varied with green. Elytra whitish hyaline, clavus, 
corium, cuneus and membranal areoles quite regularly blotched 
with irregular squarish pale green spots. In compsus the green 
is more irregularly distributed and on the membrane is confined 
to the small areole and the apical half of the larger one. In 
bella there is a series of green points along the costa which is 
wanting in compsus, and, as mentioned above, the size is con- 
siderably larger. 


218 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


Both of these species are intermediate between Hyalochloria 
and Diaphnidia, but the short head and excavated vertex would 
seem to place them nearer to the former, although the elytra are 
less expanded, with the embolium much less complete. 

Deseribed from one male and four female examples taken by 
me at Alpine, San Diego County, California, in June and July, 
1913. It is worth noting here that Mrs. Slosson has taken 
Hyalochloria caviceps Reut. at Biscayne Bay, Florida, thus bring- 
ing the typical form of the genus within our territory. 


Genus Labopidea Uhler 


Form oblong in the male, ovate with abbreviated elytra in the 
female. Color green, sometimes marked with black, and rather 
densely clothed with pale appressed hairs. Head broad, vertical, 
with eyes wider than anterior margin of pronotum. Vertex broad. 
at least three times as wide as eyes, triangularly depressed, this 
depression really formed by two oblique, impressed vittae, behind 
which the surface is lower but leaving the hind margin convex 
and almost carinated across the middle. Front broad and convex 
in both diameters. Clypeus broad and prominent, its base almost 
attaining the line of the eyes, sharply distinguished from the 
front. Antennae rather long, inserted near lower angle of eyes; 
first joint short, second at least three times longer, third and 
fourth becoming thinner. Eyes small, prominent, surpassing by 
nearly their whole width the pronotal angles; viewed from the 
side short-oval, scarcely reaching to the middle of the side of the 
head. Pronotum transverse, rather convex, its length about half 
the basal width, sides strongly oblique, straight, anterior angles 
well rounded; hind margin depressed, nearly covering basal lobe 
of scutellum. Elytra well developed in the male; short, with 
costa strongly arcuated in the female, in which the membrane is 
frequently reduced to a mere margin. Membrane when developed 
biareolate. Rostrum scarcely attaining the hind coxae. Arolia 
free and converging. Wing-cell without a hamus. 


Dr. Uhler describes the eyes as almost pedunculate, but that 
appearance is caused by their rounded, bead-like form when 
viewed from above, and perhaps in part by the rounded anterior 
angles of the pronotum. The genus was founded upon a female 
very like the female of sericatus, but somewhat marked with 
black. The large thick green bodies clothed with a close hoary 
pubescence, the thick vertical head and the short rounded elytra 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—New Orthotylini. 219 


of the females will distinguish this genus from Orthotylus and 
its allies. Our species may be distinguished as follows: 


SARTRE A AVERT Se: SES ON soc ede Ld he a eh a eects Ere i! 
JSTVE NICE yyy OL A alee ce Oe OLE aay 0 Ee a UPS RE ee PROTO Bue cn een E 2 
1. Legs pale, the body beneath mostly pale...................... 2. simplex Uhl. 
— legs black, the body beneath mostly black .............. 1. nigripes Reut. 
er ships Mes pines= SlONUGT, “Pale: 122 sba..isscccnersace- seas -erantae Fes 3. sericata Uhl. 
Pet ibial Sines ALOULOr, DIAck clue ee 4, atriseta n. sp. 


1. Labopidea nigripes (Reut.) 


A large, stout, bluish-green species with minute pale pubes- 
cence, and antennae, legs and all beneath black. Male nearly 
the form of I/nacora malina UhL., elytra about parallel, with apex 
of corium almost attaining tip of abdomen; female broad-ovate, 
widest at base of membrane, tip of membrane scarcely if at all 
surpassing abdomen. Length 5.5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head large; vertex broad, nearly four times as wide as the 
small eyes, hind margin arcuate and somewhat thickened or 
subearinate, transverse depression appearing foveate. Front 
prominent, convex, scarcely polished. Antennae rather long; 
first Joint scarcely as long as head; third two-thirds length of 
second; fourth short, about one-third length of third. Pronotum 
short, transverse; callosities small, prominent and distant. Hairs 
on antennae and legs pale and inconspicuous. 

Dextral hook of male genitalia ovate at base, incurved apex 
narrower but obtuse; sinistral hook broad, convex basally, pro- 
duced distally, with an acute hook at either angle. 

Color uniform bluish-green above, becoming yellowish on 
vertex and front of pronotum; marked with black as follows: 
eyes, antennae, a large round spot on front reaching to antennal 
sockets, tylus, legs, sternum, membrane and abdomen, or at least 
a broad, median vitta on tergum and venter. Callosities some- 
times black. 


The type was from Ormsby County, Nevada, and I took a 
small series at Fallen Leaf Lake, California, in July, at an alti- 
tude of 6300 feet. Dr. J. C. Bradley has sent me two females 
that he took at Roger’s Pass in the Selkirk Mountains, British 
Columbia, in July, 1908. These differ from the type form in 
having a darker vestiture and in having a black mark covering 
the callosities and most of the front of the pronotum and a black 
dot on either side of the base of the vertex. 


220 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


2. Labopidea simplex (Uhler) 


Similar to preceding in size and form, but the elytral mem- 
brane is more developed in all the females I have seen. Like 
nigripes, it has a bluish-green color above, with pale pubescence 
and black antennae, but here the legs and lower surface are 
mostly pale. Length 5 to 5.5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Basal depression of vertex large but sometimes obscure, with 
hind margin quite distinctly carinate. Callosities small, promi- 
nent. 

Dextral genital hook of male enlarged into a nearly circular 
hirsute plate; sinistral broad as in nigripes, but obtusely pro- 
duced exteriorly and acutely hooked at its inner angle. 

Color dull bluish-green, becoming yellowish on pronotum 
anteriorly, on head, legs, and beneath. Frontal black spot 
obsolete, or indicated by a broad brown arc on either side; clypeus 
black, at least at base. Antennae black, middle of second joint 
more or less distinctly brown; ecallosities generally with black are 
bounding them behind. Basal suture of scutellum_ blackish. 
Elytra with costal border and cuneus paler, membrane quite 
uniformly smoky. ‘Tarsi fuscous or black. Pale pubescence 
longer and denser than in nigripes. 


The types were from Colorado. I took both sexes at Boulder 
in that state, July, 1903, and the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia possesses a series from Alamogordo, New Mexico, 
taken in April and May, 1902. As nearly as I can judge from 
Reuter’s description, his Hyoidea grisea seems to be a straight 
synonym of this species. 


3. Labopidea sericata Uhler 


Size and form nearly of nigripes, male with very long elytra. 
Color whitish-green, with disk of pronotum and elytra strongly 
tinged with bluish-green ; upper surface densely clothed with long 
white pubescence intermixed with deciduous silvery scale-like 
hairs. Length, female 4.5mm.; male 7 mm., to tip of elytra. 

Head proportionately longer and more pointed than in simplex. 
Base of vertex distinctly carinate in male, scarcely so in female, 
in which the transverse depression is much reduced. First 
antennal joint short, scarcely as long as dorsal aspect of the head ; 
second about as long as hind margin of pronotum; third two- 
thirds length of second; fourth about half length of third. Pro- 
notum short, in male strongly narrowed anteriorly; callosities 
large, oval, prominent. Elytra in male very long, apex of corium 
a little surpassing tip of abdomen; membrane long, whitish- 
hyaline, scarcely infuscated; nervures green; in female shorter 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—New Orthotylin. 221 


than abdomen, with membrane reduced to a mere border to apex 
of corium. Legs short, tibiae and some minute dots on apex of 
femora green. 

Dextral hook of male genitalia small, nearly circular at apex; 
sinistral subtriangular, its inner angle produced in a short tooth, 
the outer prolonged in an incurved subacute horn. 

Color pale bluish-green, becoming yellowish on head, pronotum 
before, and on lower surface. Antennae pale, scarcely darker 
at apex. Sides of pectus and abdomen more or less greenish, 
perhaps wholly green in life. Tibiae pale, with minute pale hairs 
and a few longer brownish bristles. Elytral costa paler; mem- 
brane whitish, with a very faint apical clouding, nervures green. 


The types of this species were from Colorado, and I found it | 
common at Denver, Boulder, Ward, and Sunset, Colorado, in 
July, 1903. The female has been determined for me as Labopidea 
chloriza Uhler, but it wants the black markings mentioned in 
Uhler’s description, and for the present I prefer to consider 
chloriza as a species unknown to me. 


Labopidea atriseta n. sp. 


Closely allied to serzcata Uhler, but distinguishable by having 
infuscated antennae, and tibiae armed with conspicuous black 
bristles set on black dots, while in sericata these bristles are 
weaker and fewer and are not inserted in black points. Color as 
in the preceding form. Length 5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head as in sericata, vertex feebly carinate at base; front con- 
vex, clypeus prominent. Antennae a little longer than in allied 
species; second joint about three times as long as basal; third, 
three-fourths the length of second, the fourth short. Rostrum 
a little shorter than in sericata, scarcely attaining apex of inter- 
mediate coxae. Elytra with membrane developed in all my speci- 
mens, apex of cuneus attaining tip of abdomen. 

Color a soiled whitish, more or less tinged with dull green 
below ; disk of pronotum and scutellum and the elytra dull bluish- 
green, costal margin broadly pale; cuneus pale except its inner 
angle. Membrane obviously infuscated, with a deeper shade out- 
wardly beyond the areoles. Antennae infuscated, basal joint pale. 
Hind femora distinctly dotted with greenish-brown exteriorly, 
tibiae armed with stout black bristles much longer than the width 
of the joint, each springing from a black point. Tarsi and tip 
of rostrum black. 


Described from four females taken by me at Alpine, Mussey’s, 
and Sweetwater Valley, San Diego County, California, in April 
and June. 


222 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


Genus Macrotyloides, n. gen. 


Elongate, ovate, widest near apex of clavus. Head strongly 
produced, subhorizontal, with eyes as wide as pronotum at trans- 
verse incisure and a little more than half its basal width, its 
length about equal to the median length of pronotum. Vertex 
sometimes flattened or impressed before the base, leaving the 
edge obtusely prominent, but scarcely carinate as in Orthotylus. 
Vertex and front together when viewed from above scarcely 
longer than wide, but slightly convex. Clypeus prominent, 
arcuated before, its base well distinguished from the front and 
on a line with the antennal sockets. Inner cheeks prominent, the 
outer narrow. Eyes rather small, their inner margins feebly 
divergent; viewed from the side oval, a little oblique, reaching 
over half-way to gula; gula nearly horizontal. Antennae long, 
inserted close to lower angle of eyes, first joint with two setae 
within near their apex. Rostrum long, attaining middle of 
venter. Pronotum trapezoidal, its anterior margin about half the 
posterior; sides rectilinear, obviously carinated; callosities large, 
little elevated. Basal lobe of scutellum exposed. Prosternal 
xyphus with margins carinate. Elytra rather short, with costa 
quite strongly arecuated. Wing-cell without a hamus. Legs rather 
long; tibiae with short, feeble bristles. Hind tarsi linear, joints 
but slightly distinguished, basal shorter than the other two, 
which are subequal; claws short, arolia rather large, free and 
connivent, not equalling the claws. Vestiture not very dense, of 
soft white hairs sometimes intermixed with stiffer fuscous ones. 


Type of the genus Macrotylus vestitus Uhler. 

This genus includes rather large green Capsids suggesting 
Labopidea Uhler, but with smaller eyes and a produced oblique 
head as in Macrotylus; the tylus less prominent and the claws 
large, with their arolia free and approaching at apex. When 
the elytra are closed the body is conspicuously narrowed both 
before and behind. Our species may be distinguished as follows: 


Membrane about equally and lightly infuscated.................... vestitus Uhl. 
Membrane with the apex abruptly fuscous .......................... apicalis n. sp. 


Macrotyloides vestitus (Uhler) 


Long ovate, narrower before; pale grass-green, becoming 
yellowish when dry; membrane very faintly and uniformly en- 
fumed. Length 5 to 6mm. 

Head nearly horizontal. Vertex hardly fiattened, more than 
twice as wide as the eyes in the male, its basal margin appearing 
a little thickened in some individuals; front, feebly convex 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—New Orthotylini. 223 


obscurely transversely striate. Basal joint of antennae surpas- 
sing tip of clypeus by nearly half its length; second slender, 
about four times the length of first; third and fourth together 
nearly as long as second, fourth about equal to first. Rostrum 
reaching on the third ventral segment in the female, to the fifth 
in the male, first Joint surpassing base of head. Pronotum nearly 
flat and horizontal, the surface before callosities scarcely de- 
pressed, anterior edge with a slight median sinus; sides straight, 
subearinate. Scutellum equilateral. Elytra elliptical, nearly flat, 
cuneus scarcely longer than broad; abdomen reaching to middle 
of cuneus in the male, nearly to apex of membrane in the female. 
Membrane surpassing cuneus by about one-third its length. 

Male genital pieces large; dextral hook very large and curved 
in conformity with the margin of anal opening, in form ligulate, 
its subacute tip reaching over onto apex of tergum; sinistral 
almost equally long and similar in form, produced either way 
and lying parallel with and just below the dextral, its inner end 
obtuse, the outer acute. Female pygofers short, beginning behind 
middle of venter, hind edge of fourth: segment almost straight 
acLross. 

Color pale green, becoming yellowish on head, pronotum, legs, 
antennae, and lower surface in dried specimens. Antennae in- 
fuscated toward apex. Tibial bristles fuscous; apex of tarsi 
black. Vestiture composed of a fine soft pubescence and short 
stiff fuscous hairs intermixed. Membrane nearly hyaline, 
nervures green. 


Redescribed from five male and three female examples taken 
in San Diego County, California, at Alpine, Mussey’s, and Fos- 
ter’s, from April to June. 


Macrotyloides apicalis n. sp. 


Closely allied to the preceding; a little shorter behind, with 
apex of membrane deep smoky brown. Length 5.5 to 6mm. to 
tip of the membrane. 

This species is very close to the preceding in most of its 
characters, but the elytra are shorter, making the insect appear 
broader; tibial bristles shorter and more slender, and the basal 
joint of the rostrum scarcely passes the base of the head. Oviduct 
of the female longer, beginning distinctly before middle of venter, 
with fourth ventral segment strongly oblique, not practically 
transverse as in vestitus. Color hght green, becoming yellowish 
on head, pronotum, and below, as in vestitus. Antennae infus- 
cated at apex. Membrane whitish-hyaline with its apex beyond 
the tip of cuneus abruptly blackish-fuscous. 


224 University of Californa Publications. |ENToMoLocy 


Described from six females from southern California. I took 
it at Alpine, San Diego County, in June, and Mr. Fordyce 
Grinnell has sent me specimens taken at Pasadena, June, Los 
Angeles, September, and from the Santa Rosa Mountains. 


Pseudopsallus n. gen. 


Aspect of Plagiognathus nearly, but having cell of wing with- 
out a hamus and arolia free and connivent. Body clothed with 
long black hairs and short, appressed, silvery scale-like hairs or 
tomentum, which soon wear off, leaving the insect smooth. 

Head broad and short, vertical. Vertex with an oblique 
impression either side, leaving the base prominent but hardly 
earinate. Front moderately convex, perpendicular or nearly so. 
Clypeus broad, somewhat prominent, but little compressed; base 
well distinguished from the front; apex of head blunt, produced 
below the eye for less than length of the eye. Eves large, promi- 
nent, viewed from the side ovate, reaching below middle of side 
of head. Antennae inserted near lower angle of eye, short, stout ; 
basal joint not longer than head viewed from above, second 
scarcely thinner at base than first. Pronotum transverse, smooth, 
anterior margin about half the length of the posterior, sides 
ecarinate, nearly straight, anterior angles broadly rounded. Cal- 
losities large, little elevated. Basal lobe of seutellum covered. 
Elytra broad, costal margin considerably arcuated in the female, 
nearly parallel in the male. Rostrum reaching onto base of 
venter; oviduct of the female long, beginning before middle of 
venter. Wing-cell without a hamus. Legs thick, irregularly 
dotted, tibial spines stout, black. Tarsal claws small but longer 
than in Macrotylus; arolia free and connivent. 


Type of the genus Macrotylus angularis Uhler. 

The type species has much the aspect of a large Plagiognathus, 
but the absence of a hamus in the wing-cell and the free connivent 
arolia places it in the Orthotylim, where there is no established 
genus that will receive it. 


Pseudopsallus angularis (Uhler) 


This species and the next are broad forms, and have little in 
common with the other genera of the Orthotyliu, but they must 
be placed in that tribe. Angularis is a slaty-brown species with 
the claval suture, costa, the two principal nervures of the corium, 
and the membranal nervures whitish, sometimes tinged with 
yellow on the costa. The region of the callosities is black varied 
with white, and the head is white, with the oblique impressions 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.-—New Orthotylini. 205 


of the vertex, a large are on either side of the front, some marks 
on the base and sides of the clypeus and the lorae black. The 
antennae are black, the second joint as long as the base of the 
pronotum and one-fourth longer than the third and fourth taken 
together. The legs are white, with the tibiae dotted with black. 
The white markings, especially on the head and pronotum may 
become more or less orange. 

Dextral hook of the male genitalia apparently a flattened 
truncated scale scarcely longer than broad; sinistral very large, 
expanded on the right to base of dextral hook and exteriorly 
narrowed and curved upward and inward to superior aspect of 
anal opening. 


I took three examples of this insect from the white sage grow- 
ing on the mesa at East San Diego, California, during April and 
May, 1913. 


Pseudopsallus verticalis (Uhler) 


This is a smaller, pale brown or testaceous form. with the 
head and anterior lobe of the pronotum fuscous, the base of the 
vertex marked with pale, and the legs pale dotted with fuscous. 
The types were from California. I possess one female taken by 
Mr. Fordyce Grinnell at Pasadena, May 25, 1909, and another 
taken in Colorado was sent to me by Professor Baker labelled 
Macrotylus verticalis Uhl. MS. It probably was by an oversight 
that Dr. Uhler failed to mention the Colorado locality in con- 
nection with his deseription. 


Argyrocoris femoratus n. sp. 


Smaller and darker-colored than scurrilis ; slender ; testaceous- 
grey, more or less infuscated, cuneus dotted with red. Length 
4mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head strongly oblique; vertex convex, ecarinate ; front moder- 
ately convex. Eyes large oval, viewed from the side oblique and 
attaining gula, coarsely granulated. Antennae long; basal joint 
surpassing head by one-half its length; second over three times 
the length of first; third and fourth together about equal to 
second. Pronotum transverse, its length about three-fifths its 
basal width, anterior margin about two-thirds of posterior; hind 
edge depressed, covering basal lobe of scutellum. Rostrum long, 
reaching middle of venter. Elytra long and narrow; tip of 
abdomen not attaining apex of corium, cuneus slender, its length 
nearly three times its basal width in the male. In the female 
the abdomen reaches to about the middle of the cuneus, which is 


226 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


broader and shorter than in the male. Hind femora long and 
much flattened. 

Male genitalia small; dextral hook about twice longer than its 
basal width and tapering to a point; sinistral oval and lying 
along the sinistral notch. 

Color greyish-testaceous; callosities narrowly black; disk of 
pronotum with two broad fuscous rays more or less distinct. 
Seutellum infuseated or almost black. Elytra dotted with san- 
guinous on cuneus and sometimes more sparsely on corium and 
clavus. Membrane deeply infuscated, nervures pale dotted with 
red. Wings somewhat infuscated, with blackish nervures. Body 
beneath infusecated. Antennae and legs pale, femora dusky, hind 
pair more or less dotted with red points; tarsi black at apex. 
Antennae slightly infusecated toward their apex. Upper surface 
clothed with minute silvery pubescence, obscurely arranged in 
lines which are more distinct on the head, where they form three 
longitudinal vittae. 


Described from numerous examples beaten from chaparral in 
San Diego County, California, at Coronado, National City, 
Alpine, ete., in May and June. 

At first sight this species seems very different from scurrilis, 
but a closer inspection shows that it possesses similar generi¢ 
characters and there can be no doubt that it should be placed in 
the same genus. 


Parthenicus picicollis n. sp. 


Alhed to psalliodes, but with pronotum, seutellam and com- 
missure piceous or almost black; beneath more or less infuseated, 
above pale, more or less closely dotted with sanguinous points, 
elytra appearing dark red; membrane black. Length 3mm. to 
tip of membrane. } 

Head vertical; vertex and front conjointly flattened above, a 
very little convex below, base of vertex ecarinate. Clypeus 
prominent, but somewhat less so than in Macrotylus, its base 
well distinguished and distinctly above line of antennae. Eyes 
large, prominent, projecting for nearly their whole width beyond 
the pronotal angles; viewed from the side broad-oval, vertical, 
reaching almost to gula, face but little prominent before the eyes, 
almost half of this being projection of eclypeus. Antennae rather 
short, first joint but little surpassing clypeus; second longer than 
basal margin of pronotum. Pronotum moderately convex, eal- 
losities small and little elevated, distinguished behind by a deeply 
incised line. Basal lobe of scutellum covered. Costal margin of 
elytra feebly arcuated. Cuneus about as long as wide at base in 


Vou. 1] Van Duzee.—New Orthotylini. 227 


the female, longer in the male. Hind femora about one-third as 
wide as long in the female, hardly one-fourth in the male. 

Dextral hook of the male genitalia slender toward its apex, 
bent at a right angle dorsally; sinistral somewhat crescentic, its 
inner (dextral) angle produced. 

Ground color pale yellowish-testaceous. Head, legs, and 
elytra dotted with dark sanguinous, the latter closely, almost con- 
fluently so, appearing as if washed with red. Antennae pale, 
basal joint red, apex shghtly infuseated. Pronotum and scutel- 
lum deep piceous or almost black; elytral commissure evenly and 
indefinitely clouded with fuscous, this clouding scareely extending 
onto inner angle of corium. Membrane blackish, with a pale line 
around apex of cuneus, nervures red. Face sometimes dusky, 
elypeus and cheeks clear red? Lower surface and base of hind 
femora more or less infuscated; tibial bristles fuscous, springing 
from sanguinous dots. Upper surface:clothed with a fine pale 
pubescence. 


Described from fifteen examples beaten from Adenostoma in 
San Diego County, California, from July to October. Although 
closely allied to psalliodes, this form seems sufficiently distinet by 
its dark pronotum, scutelluam and lower surface, and the con- 
eolorous inner angle of the corium 


Transnutted January 3, 1916. 


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bee: TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
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¢ Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 229-249 as ; May 23, 1916 
NOTES ON SOME HEMIPTERA TAKEN 


NEAR LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA 


BY 


EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE 


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Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 229-249 May 23, 1916 


NOTES ON SOME HEMIPTERA TAKEN NEAR 
LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA 


BY 
EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE 





In the summer of 1915 it was my privilege to spend about 
five weeks in the Sierra Nevada with the entomologiecal field class 
of the University of California Summer School at Fallen Leaf 
Lake, Eldorado County, California. We reached Fallen Leaf 
Lodge, our headquarters, on June 21 and left on July 31, a 
period which covered the season of greatest abundance of insects 
in certain of the orders, notably the Hymenoptera, Diptera and 
Lepidoptera, and the Coleoptera were perhaps at their best before 
we left; the Hemiptera and Orthoptera were, however, just 
coming into season, so the material obtained in these orders was 
but fragmentary. Circumstances were such that I was able to 
devote much of my time to the collection of insects for the 
University Museum, and Professor Woodworth added a number 
of interesting forms during two brief visits to the Lodge, while 
other members of the party turned over to me some good things 
taken by them. Altogether over six thousand mounted insects 
were brought home, a study of which will undoubtedly make 
valuable additions to our knowledge of the Sierran insect fauna. 

The present paper deals with the Hemiptera taken, but. 
owing to the earliness of the season, must be but an imperfect 


representation of the hemipterous fauna of that portion of the 


Sierra. Of the one hundred and forty species enumerated, per- 
haps one-third are known to inhabit the coast region of Cali- 
fornia and about one-fourth are common to the eastern and 


230 Unwersity of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


northern portions of the United States and Canada. A number 
of forms characteristic of the Rocky Mountain region were taken. 
as well as several found in the hilly back-country of San Diego 
County, California. However, before any really useful studies 
on the distribution of the Hemiptera of this portion of the Sierra 
Nevada can be made, it will be necessary to do systematic collect- 
ing there during August and early September. It is interesting 
to note that twenty-one of the species taken, or approximately 
one-seventh, are new to science, which shows how little is now 
known of the Hemiptera of the Lake Tahoe region. 

The following notes on localities will indicate the conditions 
under which most of the material was taken. 

Lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake.—On the west side of the lake 
from Cathedral Park and the sawmill to the outlet and some dis- 
tance north was an interesting locality with low, rich woods and 
open, marshy fields. Mosquitoes were a serious hindrance here 
but the Hemiptera were more numerous than elsewhere, perhaps 
because the season was earlier at this altitude, 6300 feet. 

Lateral Moraine.—A sharp ridge along the eastern side of the 
upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake, with an elevation of about 800 
feet above the lake. This ridge was well covered with chaparral - 
and until about the tenth of July made an excellent collecting 
ground for the Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. After 
that date it became too dry for good collecting. 

Angora Lakes.—Situated under the eastern escarpment of the 
Angora Ridge at an altitude of about 7500 feet. Collecting here 
was poor. 

Glen Alpine Springs and Creek are situated in a valley run- 
ning west from the upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake. Below Glen 
Alpine Springs the valley is well wooded and afforded excellent 
collecting places. Toward the last of July the northern side of 
the valley formed by the southern slope of Mount Tallac proved 
to be one of our best collecting grounds. 

Cathedral Lake, in a valley on the eastern slope of Mount 
Tallac at an altitude of about 7500 feet, was a moderately pro- 
ductive place, especially lower down near Floating Island Lake. 

Mount Tallac——The sloping alpine meadow on the western 
aspect of the mountain was a wonderfully interesting place from 
about the twentieth of July. The altitude here varied from about 
8000 to over 9000 feet. 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 231 


Angora kidge.—The western slope of this ridge was an alpine 
meadow of equal altitude and hardly less interesting than that 
on Mount Tallae. 

Half Moon Lake under Dick’s Peak at an altitude of about 
8000 feet proved to be an interesting place in late July. Several 
eastern forms not found elsewhere were taken here. 

Grass Lake in the valley above Glen Alpine Springs at an 
altitude of about 7500 feet did not yield much of interest, but 
might have been better if visited later in the season. 


HETEROPTERA 


Thyreocoris anthracinus Uhler. July. Taken in numbers 
from a low plant growing in grassy places along the roadside 
from Tallae to the sawmill at the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake. 

Homoemus bijugis Uhler. Taken with the preceding. 

Eurygaster alternatus Say. Abundant with the foregoing 
species. 

Trichopepla atricornis Stal. Found occasionally on rank 
weeds about the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 17. 

Thyanta custator Fabr. Not uncommon on trees and bushes 
everywhere below 8000 feet. 

Banasa sordida Uhler. <A single specimen swept from weeds 
at Half Moon Lake in July. 

Tollius curtulus Stal. Low ground near Tallac, July. 

Alydus pluto Uhler. One example taken on weeds growing on 
a dry sandy spot near Tallaec in July. 

Harmostes reflerulus Say. Not uncommon with the preceding. 

Corizus scutatus Stal. Common on the low lands between 
Tallae and Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Corizus indentatus Hambl. Taken with the preceding. 

Corizus hyalinus Fabr. Generally distributed, but not com- 
mon, up to 8500 feet. 

Jorizus crassicornmis Linn. Half Moon Lake, July 23. 

Aradus debilis Uhler. This, our largest western aradid, is 
paler than most of our species, has the abdomen of the female 
much produced and attenuated at apex and the third antennal 
joint white with its extreme base and the large apical joint black. 
Mr. Ralph Hopping took a series on fungi under the bark of a 
dead pine tree near the margin of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 2, Dr. 


232 University of California Publications. [ENToMoLoeY 


Van Dyke found one in a similar situation, and I took a male 
near Glen Alpine Springs, June 30. 

Aradus hubbardi Heid. A fine series of this species was taken 
from fungus growing on a fallen pine tree along the trail to 
Angora Lakes at an altitude of about 7000 feet, July 11. In all 
the specimens taken the tip of the second antennal joint is scarcely 
paler. 


Aradus persimilis, new species 


Very close to hubbardi, differing principally in having the scutellum much 
broader at apex, the expanded portion of the costa longer and the antennae 
a little thinner, with their second segment perhaps a little longer and 
the third without a pale apex. Length, male 6.5 mm., female 7.5mm. 

Head as in hubbardi; anterior process thick, cylindrical, compressed 
toward the apex, reaching nearly to basal third of second antennal joint. 
Spine at base of antennae almost attaining the tip of first joint and armed 
exteriorly with a very short tooth. Occiput with a tubercle before the 
eye and another near its hind angle. Antennae about as in hubbardi, 
perhaps a shade thinner; first segment about one-half longer than wide, 
second about as long as the head, a little thickened at apex; third hardly 
one-half the length of second; fourth still shorter, narrowed to its base 
with a short conical tip. Pronotum about as in hubbardi, slightly longer 
and more broadly expanded about the humeri; sides irregularly dentate; 
four discal carinae nearly parallel, exterior percurrent, not becoming 
obsolete before as in the allied species. Abdomen as in hubbardi; genital 
segment of the female a little shorter and less expanded; genital lobes of 
the male shorter and more transverse. Rostrum nearly attaining hind 
margin of mesosternum. 

Color fuscous-brown, becoming more ferruginous on the cephalic pro- 
cess, basal joints of antennae, pronotal carinae, principal elytral nervures, 
extreme tip of scutellum, and in places on abdomen. Antennae becoming 
black on apical two segments, conical tip of fourth sericeous pubescent. 
Expanded basal portion of costa and broad humeral areas and marginal 
serrations whitish-testaceous; elytral reticulations sometimes of the same 
pale color. Legs and beneath usually paler. Abdomen becoming more 
castaneous toward its margin, where it is often minutely pointed with 
green, the hind edge of the connexival segments pale; membranal veins 
distinctly pale. 


Described from three male and two female specimens taken 
near Glen Alpine Creek, June 25 to July 3. While very near 
hubbardi this form seems to have good specific characters and is 
at least a valid subspecies. I possess one female, taken by Dr. 
J. C. Bradley in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, in May, 
1907, that differs from the types only in having the humeral 
expansion of the pronotum concolorous. 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 233 


Aradus borealis Heid. Professor Woodworth took one ex- 
ample of this species on the eastern slope of Mount Tallac along 
the trail from Cathedral Lake to Floating Island Lake, on July 6, 
at an altitude of 7000 feet. 

Aradus behrensi Bergr. A few examples were taken from 
trees near the upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake, June 25. The next 
day I took near the lower end of the lake two specimens of what 
I believed to be brachypterous or imperfectly developed speci- 
mens of the same species. In these the elytra reach only to the 
base of the fifth abdominal segment. 


Aradus insolitus, new species 


A small, black species marked with pale granules; humeral angles sub- 
acute, latero-anterior margins a little coneavely arcuated, second antennal 
joint narrowly white at apex. Length 4mm. 

Form narrow ovate, about as in tuberculifer Kirby. Head with a short 
oblique impressed area on either side interior to the eye. Antenniferous 
tubercles with a large acute spine which surpasses the middle of first 
antennal segment. Antennae regularly but moderately thickened to apex 
of third joint; basal scarcely longer than broad, second about as long as 
the distance between the eyes, uniformly thickened toward its apex, white 
apical portion about as long as the thickness of the joint at base; third 
and fourth about equal in length, the latter fusiform. Pronotum rather 
small; humeri prominent, subacute, the margins behind them feebly 
rounded, the latero-anterior margin a little concavely arcuated with the 
anterior angles prominent and subacute; entire lateral margins quite 
regularly and minutely crenulate; disk a little depressed across the 
middle, marked posteriorly with four parallel carinae which become con- 
fused anteriorly. Scutellum narrow, about as long as pronotum, obtuse 
at apex, margins but little elevated. Elytra reaching nearly to tip of 
abdomen, but little narrowed apically; costa regularly but moderately 
dilated at base. Nervures of corium and membrane prominent. Rostrum 
reaching but little beyond the base of the head, encroaching upon base of 
the prosternum about the width of the sternal suleus at its middle; this 
sulcus expanded at base and apex. Genital lobes of the male about as in 
similis, the oblique apical margins a little more rounded. 

Color almost black; narrow apex of second antennal segment, tips of 
the humeri, broad but indefinite apex of scutellum, knees, tips of the 
tibiae and apical angles of the abdominal segments pale or whitish. 
Whole surface irregularly dotted with minute greenish-white granules, 
most numerous on the head, disk of scutellum and elevated areas of 
pronotum and elytra; granulations of connexivum becoming a clear sea- 
green in places. 


234 University of California Publications. |ENtTOMoLoeY 


Described from two males taken about the upper end of Fallen 
Leaf Lake, July 12. This species is very distinct from any other 
known to me by its subacute humeral angles and the concave 
latero-anterior margins of the pronotum. The short rostrum 
alhes it with Qwilnus and in some respects it is intermediate 
between that subgenus and the more typical aradids. 


Aradus fallent Stal. One specimen taken from a fallen pine 
tree near Cathedral Lake on the eastern slopes of Mount Tallac, 
July 5. 

Mezira moesta Stal. A single individual of this common form 
was taken near the upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake on July 2. 
| Lygaeus reclivatus Say. Found in numbers on a patch of 

milkweed near the sawmill at the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, 
July 25. | 

Lygaeus truculentus Stal. A few taken on flowers near the 
lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Lygaeus bicrucis Say. Taken at Grass Lake and near Fallen 
Leaf Lake in late June and early July. 

Nystus califormcus Stal. Common at lower levels but also 
found at Half Moon Lake and up to 8500 feet on Mount Tallac. 

Nysius ericae Schill. Half Moon Lake, July 23. 

Nysius ericae minutus Uhler. A few taken near Tallae in 
July. | 

Ischnorrhynchus resedae Panz. One specimen was beaten 
from chaparral along the trail on the west shore of Fallen Leaf 
Lake, July 5. 

Geocors pallens decoratus Uhler. One example taken on the 
low lands near Tallae on July 25. 

Ingyrocoris diffusus Uhler. With the preceding. 

Sphragisticus nebulosus Fall. Swept from grass near the 
lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 17. 

Rhyparochromus angustatus Van D. This form may be 
roughly distinguished from sodalicus Uhl. by its having the third 
antennal joint entirely black, the lateral edges of the pronotum 
concolorous and the clavus ferruginous at base. It is a long 
narrow form and northern in its distribution. Here it was found 
near Tallae in July. 

Scolopostethus thomson Reut. Three examples were taken at 
Tallae and about the upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Ploiariodes sp. One example taken at the Lodge in July. 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera | 235 


Nabis ferus Linn. Found everywhere. Here the species has 
every appearance of being a native insect and possibly it is in- 
digenous to all the northern portions of this continent. 

Anthocoris bakert Popp. Taken near the Lodge, June 21. 
Poppius’ paper describing this species never reached me and I 
was unaware of its existence until after the publication of my 
species ornatus, which is undoubtedly identical with bakeri. 

Anthocoris antevolens White. Taken on the low lands about 
Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Anthocoris melanocerus Reut. Two examples were beaten 
from the chaparral along the western shore of Fallen Leaf Lake, 
July 5. 

Saldula interstitialis Say. One taken at Tallac July 25. 

Saldula sp. Taken on the low lands about the lake and up to 
8500 feet on the western slope of Mount Tallac. 

Gerris orba Stal. Found on Fallen Leaf Lake, Cathedral 
Lake, Angora Lakes and elsewhere, in July. 

Gerris gilletter L. & S. One example taken at the sawmill at 
the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 25. 

Stenodema vicina Prov. Taken on grassy openings along Glen 
Alpine Creek, at Half Moon Lake, and on the western slopes of 
Angora Peaks, in July. No males were found but the females 
were not uncommon. 

Platytylellus intercidenda Dist. Occasional on rank vegeta- 
tion about the lower levels after July 16. 

Phytocoris eximius Reut. Glen Alpine Springs, July 30. 
This species and the next were only just reaching maturity when 
I left, the last of July. 

Phytocoris inops Uhler. With the preceding. This is a 
smaller species having the membrane varied with whitish and 
fuscous in coarser blotches, the antennae longer and more slender, 
with the basal joint more obviously banded and the pale incisures 
broader. 

Ectopiocerus anthracinus Uhler. Occasional in July at the 
lower levels. 

Poeciloscytus uhlert Van D. Taken at the level of Fallen 
Leaf Lake and up to 8500 on the west slope of Angora Peak, 
toward the last of July. 

Poeciloscytus venaticus Uhler. Not uncommon on rank weeds 
about the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 


236 University of California Publications. |ENToMoLoGy 


Dichrooscytus speciosus, new species 


Allied to suspectus but more polished. Black; disk of head, pronotum 
and elytra deep rich wine-red; scutellum, base of cuneus and legs white; 
antennae soiled white. Length nearly 6 mm. 

Head broader and shorter than in suspectus, vertex strongly impressed 
before the basal margin and more broadly on either side; middle of 
vertex quite strongly swollen and polished, without the transverse striae 
seen in the allied species; basal carinae prominent across the whole width. 
Pronotum narrower anteriorly, meeting the vertex near the inner angle 
of the eye; surface more strongly punctured, callosities smaller and 
highly polished; median line obscure but evident. Scutellum prominent, 
narrower than in suspectus, polished, a little transversely shagreened 
toward the base. Elytra polished, very obscurely punctured and 
shagreened, almost parallel, costa straight basally. 

Color black, highly polished; base of vertex obscurely reddish. Pro- 
notum deep wine-red with anterior and posterior margins black. Scutellum 
ivory-white, becoming black on anterior lobe beneath base of pronotum. 
Elytra dark wine-red; broad margins of clavus about scutellum and the 
apex of corium black; cuneus black, the basal half ivory-white omitting the 
slender costal margin. Membrane deep fuscous, iridescent, the nervures 
concolorous. Legs including coxae white, coxae and trochanters some- 
times tinged with greenish; apex of the tibiae and the tarsi slightly 
infuseated, last tarsal joint becoming black at apex. Antennae soiled 
white, a little more infuscated toward the apex. Tergum and apex of 
abdomen more or less sanguinous. 


Described from numerous examples beaten from juniper trees 
during July, mostly on the south slope of Mount Tallac. The 
first mature examples were taken near the Lodge on July 5 but 
the adults did not become abundant until after the middle of the 
month. This is one of the most beautifully colored capsids known 
tome. The immature have paler colors but the pattern is distinct 
and characteristic. 


Dichrooscytus suspectus Reut. Common on juniper trees 
during July. These individuals are more uniformly colored with 
rufous than those from Colorado determined for me by Dr. 
Reuter, but they can hardly be distinct. 

Dichrooscytus tirroratus Van D. Common on juniper and 
cedar trees everywhere between 6000 and 8000 feet. In most of 
these examples the elytra are of an almost uniform pinkish color 
with a deeper tint on the cuneus, and marked with a fuscous vitta 
on the apex of the corium; an oblique vitta on their middle and 
the apex of the membranal areoles are also fuscous. 


Vou. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera pal 


Dichrooscytus elegans Uhler. Taken with the preceding forms 
but less abundantly and a little earlier. 

Lygidea rebucula obscura Reut. Three examples were taken 
about the Lodge July 20 and 21. These differ in no respect from 
specimens taken in the state of New York. 

Platylygus luridus Reut. Not uncommon on Jeffrey pines 
from July 8. These are larger than eastern specimens but do not 
otherwise differ. 

Lygus pratensis Linn. The pale form with yellowish scutel- 
lum which is characteristic of the Californian fauna was common 
at all the lower levels and up to 8000 feet. Three examples of 
the dark eastern form were taken on July 23 at Half Moon Lake. 

Lygus plagiatus Uhler. This form was common above 7500 
feet but rarely was taken at lower levels. 

Lygus campestris Linn. Common about Fallen Leaf Lake and 
up to 7800 feet at Half Moon Lake. 

Xenoborus canadensis Van D.? One example which may rep- 
resent a distinct species differs in being smaller and in having 
the basal joint of the antennae and the tylus concolorous. 

Camptobrochis validus Reut. Four examples were taken 
about Fallen Leaf Lake and Grass Lake from June 23 to July 5. 

Camptobrochis fulvescens Reut. Beaten from pine on the 
south slope of Mount Tallac on July 30. These specimens are 
olabrous and have much the aspect of nitens but the male genital 
characters are those of fulvescens and I prefer to so place them 
for the present. 


Deraeocoris ingens, new species 


Large, deep black, polished; second antennal joint greatly thickened. 
Length 8 mm. 

Aspect of Capsus ater, but much larger and more elongated, with 
antennae more clavate. Head as in Camptobrochis, prominent; hind 
margin of vertex and eyes nearly rectilinear. Vertex almost flat, basal 
margin subearinate behind a shallow depression. Antennae stout, inserted 
before the eyes at a distance about equal to the thickness of first segment; 
this segment as long as the median width of vertex; second (3.5 mm.) 
longer than basal width of pronotum, at base more slender than first but 
regularly thickened to near its apex, where it is as thick as the antero- 
posterior diameter of the eye, its surface closely pubescent and armed 
with a few longer hairs; third and fourth segments short and slender 
but not setaceous, together equal to length of the anterior tarsi, third 
searcely longer than fourth. Pronotum shaped much as in Camptobrochis 


238 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


nigrita, much narrowed anteriorly, where it is a little wider than the 
base of the vertex; surface convex in both diameters, strongly punctured; 
callosities large, highly polished, impunctate, scarcely elevated and poorly 
defined; sides nearly straight or slightly concave. Scutellum more finely 
punctured. Elytra coarsely punctured, long, narrowed from the middle. 
Membrane long and narrow, nervure dividing the areoles obsolete or 
nearly so. Prosternal xyphus depressed with a carinate margin. Basal 
joint of hind tarsi stouter, as long as second and third together. Arolia 
as in Camptobrochis, wanting or very minute and connate with the claws, 
between which are two slender parallel setae. Male uncus formed about 
as in Camptobrochis nitens with a sharp curved hook at distal end which 
almost attains the line of the proximal extremity. 

Color a uniform deep coal-black, brilliant; membrane a dead blackish- 
fuscous, scarcely lighter next the point of the cuneus; base of vertex and 
knees touched with fulvous. Second antennal joint nearly to its apex 
and the tarsi piceous, verging toward castaneous. Osteolar margin white. 


Described from nine examples representing both sexes, .all 
beaten from Jeffrey pines along the south slope of Mount Tallae 
above Glen Alpine Creek during late July. This is one of our 
largest capsids, and it seems strange that it should have remained 
unknown for so long unless it be restricted to the Jeffrey pine, 
which has a range in the Sierras and northwardly where little 
work on Hemiptera has been done. Dr. Poppius has recently 
sunk Camptobrochis as a synonym of Deraeocoris, but I think 
it better to restrict the latter genus to those species having a 
clavate second antennal joint. 


Deraeocoris fraternus, new species 


This form seems to differ from ingens principally in being smaller 
(6mm.) and in having the basal one-half of the second antennal joint 
and the legs pale or even bright rufus, with the apex of the tibiae darker 
and the tarsi black. Generally there is a pale annulus beyond the middle 
of the tibiae and the margins of the pleural pieces are whitish, usually 
broadly so. 


Described from ten examples representing both sexes taken 
with the preceding. I would consider this but a color variety of 
imgens were it not for its much smaller size and the constancy 
of its characters. 


Largidea grossa, new species 


Form nearly that of marginata, but larger; dull rufus-brown, whole 
upper surface closely and coarsely punctured. Length to tip of membrane 
6mm, 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 239 


Head impunctate, polished, clothed with sparse, short appressed pale 
pubescence; viewed from above short, transverse, gently swollen before; 
width about twice its greatest length; when viewed from before five- 
angled, portion above the antennae almost quadrangular with sides 
straight and parallel, apex obtuse; base of clypeus but feebly dis- 
tinguished from the front. Rostrum attaining the base of the inter- 
mediate coxae. Antennae as in marginata, inserted near lower angle of 
eye; basal joint scarcely longer than the eye; second joint is as long as 
vertex and pronotum taken together, flattened horizontally and broadly 
lanceolate, its width equal to length of first joint, its lower surface 
feebly convex, the upper deeply suleate nearly to the apex; third and 
fourth thin, fusiform, each subequal to the first in length. Pronotum 
broader and less narrowed anteriorly than in marginata, sides straight, 
distinctly carinate, attaining the middle of the eyes; posterior lobe 
deeply closely punctured; anterior lobe nearly smooth, gray-pubescent, 
transverse impressed line deep, black, bent back in a barb at either 
side of the median line. Scutellum strongly convex, closely but not 
deeply punctured. Elytra closely punctured, the costa bent beyond the 
middle. Cuneus -long, but moderately depressed. Membrane long, sur- 
passing the abdomen by one-half its length. Basal joint of the tarsi 
broad and flattened, scooped out below, wider than the apex of the tibiae 
and as long as slender third joint; second short, slender like third, deeply 
inserted in upper surface of broad first joint. Oviduct beginning before 
middle of venter. 

Color dull rufus-brown inclining to wine-red but not as deep a red as 
in the allied marginata. Whole surface closely but not conspicuously 
pale-pubescent; disk of head and much of lower surface blackish; costa 
paler; membrane black, nervures black at base, paler beyond. Antennae 
reddish. Tarsi and venter blackish. 


Described from a single female example taken on Jeffrey pine 
on the south slope of Mount Tallaec near Glen Alpine Springs, 
July 30, at an altitude of about 7000 feet. It is possible that 
the expanded basal joint of the tarsi and the fact that the second 
antennal joint is scooped out above instead of below would. entitle 
this form to generic distinction, but it does not seem advisable 
to separate it until the male has been examined. In the type 
specimen the thickened apex of the second antennal joint is 
somewhat bent, making the antennae appear to be five-jointed 
when viewed from the side. ? 


Dacerla mflata Uhler. This singular looking ant-mimic was 
quite abundant after the middle of July at most all locations but 
especially along the southern slope of Mount Tallac. A few 
were seen above 8000 feet on Angora Ridge. It was most abun- 
dant on the lodge-pole pine, but it oceurred on other trees and 


240 Unwersity of Californa Publications. [ENToMoLoGY 


a few were swept from weeds near the lake. The males scarcely 
differ from the females and in both sexes some individuals are 
paler or reddish. The pronotum and parts of the elytra that 
are gray in the black form are ferruginous in the pale, but most 
of the material taken answers in every respect to the excellent 
description given by Dr. Uhler. 

Coquillettia insignis Uhler. Three males of this pretty species 
were swept from weeds’ near the sawmill on Fallen Leaf Lake, 
July 25, and one was taken next day from the western slope of 
Angora Peak above 8000 feet. 

Dicyphus califormcus Stal. A few were taken about Fallen 
Leaf Lake late in July. 

Dicyphus agilis Uhler. With the preceding but more abun- 
dant. I distinguish this from californicus by its larger size, paler 
colors, the almost entire want of red on the elytra, the more 
tumid and exposed base of the scutellum and especially by the 
shorter basal joint of the antennae. 

Dicyphus vestitus Uhler. One example was taken July 17 
near the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake. 


Dicyphus crudus, new species 


Form and size of agilis; pale greenish-white. Length 5mm., width 
across the elytra little more than 1 mm. 

Vertex less swollen than in agilis, eyes a little more prominent, with 
antennae longer and pronotal collar more elongated. Elytra very long, 
parallel, membrane surpassing abdomen by two-thirds its length. 

Color pale greenish-white, deeper green on anterior lobe of pronotum, 
pleural pieces and base of scutellum. Eyes and tips of the tarsi black. 
Neck with a fuscous cloud behind each eye. Elytra almost pellucid, 
sparsely clothed with short apressed white hairs. Membrane with a faint 
longitudinal dusky cloud behind the areoles. Arolia long, lying near the 
small claws. Apical joint of the antennae, oviduct and genital segment 
of the male slightly embrowned. 


Described from one pair taken on the flats near the lower end 
of Fallen Leaf Lake. This insect might be taken for the im- 
mature form of agilis were it not for the longer elytra, broader 
collar and flattened vertex. The fuscous cloud behind the eyes 
is also distinctive. 

Labops hesperius Uhler. One example was taken July 31 on 
the shore of Lake Tahoe near the Hotel Tallac. 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera | 241 


Lopidea ngridea Uhler. Several specimens of what I take to 
be a smaller form of this species were taken about Fallen Leaf 
Lake during July. This small form is but 4mm. to the tip of 
the abdomen, the surface is more ‘slaty-black with the stiff hairy 
vestiture more pronounced, and the markings are paler, being 
but rarely tinted with red. The male genital characters are 
nearly identical and it does not seem best to try to distinguish 
them at present. 

Hadronema militaris Uhler. One example was taken on the 
shore of Half Moon Lake, July 23. 

Hadronema robusta Uhler. <A single specimen was taken with 
the preceding. 

Paraproba hamata Van D. Upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake, 
June 21. A single specimen. 

Orthotylus tibialis Van D. A good series of this very distinct 
species was taken in July from a low hirsute weed growing along 
the road between the sawmill on Fallen Feaf Lake and the Hotel 
Tallac. The descriptions of this and other new species in this 
genus will appear about simultaneously in the Proceedings of the 
California Academy of Science. 

Orthotylus insignis Van D. A very pretty species, of which 
three examples were taken July 24 on the ‘‘short trail’’ to Glen 
Alpine Springs, where a tiny streamlet caused a rank growth of 
vegetation. 

Orthotylus viridicatus Uhl. Not uncommon on the rank weeds 
srowing near the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, at Half Moon 
Lake and near Glen Alpine Springs. The black membrane with 
conspicuous white veins will distinguish this pretty species. 

Orthotylus wuformis Van D. A plain green species of which 
numbers were taken near Fallen Leaf Lake in July, mostly on 
the chaparral. 

Orthotylus ovatus Van D. Common on junipers on the south 
slope of Mount Tallae late in July. 

Orthotylus formosus Van D. Two examples of this very dis- 
tinct form were beaten from alder bushes in a damp spot on the 
south slope of Mount Tallace about 200 feet above Glen Alpine 
Creek on July 30. I was unable to find any on the lower levels 
along the creek, but it is possible that the warmer location on the 
sunny hillside brought them out earlier than in the shaded valley. 

Orthotylus affinis Van D. Abundant everywhere on willows 


242 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


at the lower levels, but I also took them near Half Moon Lake 
at an altitude of about 8000 feet. 

Orthotylus cuneatus Van D. Several specimens of this form 
were taken on willows about Fallen Leaf Lake in company of the 
preceding. 

Labopidea nigripes Reut. A small series of this very distinct 
species were taken near the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake in 
July. 

Macrotylus multipunctatus Van D. The unique type of this 
interesting insect was taken by me near the lower end of Fallen 
Leaf Lake July 17. Its pale surface, closely dotted with round 
black points, will at once distinguish it from all the allied forms. 

Macrotylus lineolatus Uhler. A few examples of this form 
were beaten from bushes about the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake 
late in July. 

Macrotylus infuscatus Van D. Taken with the preceding but 
in greater abundance. Unfortunately I neglected to note the 
food-plant of these species, but it may have been the willow which 
grew in several localities about there. 


Microphylellus alpinus, new species 


Aspect of Microphylellus rubricans Prov. but larger and darker; piceois 
black with castaneous legs. Length 4.5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head nearly as in modestus, a little shorter when viewed from the 
side; projecting below the eye for scarcely more than the width of the 
eye.. Vertex without a basal carina. First joint of antennae a little 
shorter than in the type species, surpassing the clypeus by about half its 
length; second joint linear, distinctly incrassate, as thick as basal joint; 
third and fourth together about as long as second, setaceous. Pronotum 
proportionately shorter than in modestus; humeral angles slightly promi- 
nent, sides feebly sinuated and anterior angles well rounded; ecallosities 
large, distinct, the impressed line strongly arched either side; the disk 
minutely transversely wrinkled, sides subacute but hardly carinate. 
Rostrum attaining apex of hind coxae, basal joint surpassing base of 
the head. 

Color piceous-black, deeper on the head, pronotum and scutellum; 
antennae uniformly concolorous; rostrum a little paler. Legs castaneous, 
becoming piceous on the coxae, on the base of the femora, at least the 
posterior, and on the tarsi. 


Described from one male example taken on the alpine meadows 
on the western slope of Angora Ridge at an altitude of 8500 feet, 
on July 26. This species is not typical of genus Microphylellus, 


Vou. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 243 


differing in the shorter pronotum, more prominent callosities, 
larger basal joint of the rostrum and the stouter second segment 
of the antennae. 


Microphylellus bicinctus Van D. Taken on the chaparral 
along the western shore of Fallen Leaf Lake early in July. 
Apparently rare. 

Gerhardiella delicata Uhler. Two examples were beaten from 
the chinquapin oaks along the western shore of Fallen Leaf Lake 
late in July. There seem to be no good structural characters by 
which to distinguish between this genus and certain related 
genera such as Psallus, Apocremnus and Plagiognathus. By 
separating out the forms having the femora dotted in longi- 
tudinal series and the tibiae dotted with black we have a fairly 
homogeneous group including the types of the genera Plagiog- 
nathus and Gerhardiella, and I can see no harm in using the 
latter name for the red forms, as they have quite a different 
aspect from the more typical forms of Plagiognathus. If we do 
this, it would seem advisable to divide genus Psallus, placing 
those forms with ovate blackish bodies and dotted tibiae in genus 
Apocremnus. It is possible that further study may disclose good 
structural characters for distinguishing these genera, but I have 
not yet detected any that seem:at all constant. 

Apocremnus politus Uhler. Taken about the upper end of 
Fallen Leaf Lake and at Half Moon Lake in July. This species 
is smaller and more slender than the more typical anchorifer 
Fieb., but for the present I prefer to place it here rather than 
in Plagiognathus, as it has the black femora and the white seale- 
like vestiture of Apocremnus. In this species the second antennal 
joint is entirely black. 


Apocremnus nigerrimus, new species 


Larger than politus, deep black, polished, clothed with coarse deciduous 
white hairs; apical joint of antennae concolorous, tibiae obscurely dotted. 
Length 3.5mm. to tip of membrane. 

Head about as in anchorifer, viewed from the side shorter, with the 
facial angle more acute; projecting below the eye for a distance equal 
to the greatest width of the eye. Vertex ecarinate, a little flattened. 
Antennae hardly shorter than in anchorifer; first joint surpassing clypeus 
by about one-third its length; second as long as pronotum and one-half 
the head; third and fourth together as long as second. Pronotum rather 


244 University of California Publications. |#NTomMoLocy 


long; its length a little more than half its basal width; the sides straight, 
with the anterior angles scarcely rounded. Rostrum attaining the pos- 
terior coxae, first joint reaching base of the head. Oviduct of the female 
long. 

Color deep black, polished above, clothed with conspicuous white hairs; 
base of vertex with a fulvous sinuate line which (as in politus) simulates 
a carina; third and fourth antennal joints obscure castaneous, their bases 
narrowly blackish. Tibiae above obscure whitish, bristles and dots at 
their base black. Membrane almost as deeply colored as the corium, 
marked with a small pale spot next the tip of the cuneus, invading more 
or less the apex of the nervures. Osteolar orifice soiled white. 


Described from twelve examples representing both sexes. 
Eight of these were taken by Mr. Fordyce Grinnell at Pasadena, 
California, June 5, 1909, and four I took about the upper end 
of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 


Bolteria picta hirta new subspecies 


Smaller and darker-colored than picta, clothed with stiff black hairs; 
dull yellowish-green, most of the head, two transverse bands on the 
pronotum, scutellum in part, inner margins of the clavus, a broad distal 
vitta on the corium, an oval spot on the cuneus and most of the lower 
surface black; femora dull fulvous, marked with large fuscous dots in 
longitudinal series. Length 4mm. 

Head shorter and less prominent than in picta. Vertex a little de- 
pressed before the base, which is thickened but hardly carinate. Front 
convex, polished. Antennae shorter than in picta; first segment but 
little surpassing the clypeus; third and fourth together subequal to 
second. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra as in picta, impunctate, polished, 
clothed with stiff black hairs which are somewhat longer and more dense 
on the head. Rostrum attaining the intermediate coxae. 

Color a soiled greenish-yellow. Head polished black; a point next the 
inner angle of the eye and base of the vertex fulvous, median line of the 
front sometimes pale. Antennae and rostrum black, extreme apex of first 
antennal joint pale. Pronotum marked with a broad transverse band on 
the callosities and a narrower one on the hind margin, black. Incised 
line on secutellum black. Narrow scutellar and commissural margin of 
clavus, a broad longitudinal vitta on corium, a short mark within the 
costa placed near the apex and a large oval spot covering the disk of 
the cuneus, black. Membrane infuscated, a cloud in the apical areole and 
a curved ray beyond deeper black. Beneath black, polished, osteolar 
region and the lower margin of propleura whitish. Legs obscure fulvous, 
femora infuscated at base and apex and dotted with blackish in longi- 
tudinal series; tibial bristles black springing from small black points. 


Described from eight female examples beaten from sagebrush 
(Artemesia) on the shore of Fallen Leaf Lake near the Lodge 


Vou. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 245 


on July 5. Typical examples of Bolteria picta Uhler received 
from Mr. Heidemann show but few black hairs and they seem to 
be entirely wanting from specimens taken by me on the plains 
about Denver, Colorado. 


HOMOPTERA 


Okanagana rimosa Say. Common at all levels from Fallen 
Leaf Lake up to 8500 feet on Angora Ridge, the first individuals 
appearing on July 3. This species has the habit of resting in 
trees fifteen or more feet above the ground, and being wary are 
very difficult to capture. 

Okanagana ornata Van D. On July 11 I took from low oak 
bushes growing on the top of the lateral moraine east of Fallen 
Leaf Lake three male examples of a form agreeing entirely with 
ornata except that the orange colors are replaced with pale 
testaceous. Possibly the local conditions might account for this 
difference in color or these specimens may not have been fully 
colored. 

Aphrophora permutata Uhler. Common at lower levels and 
first reaching maturity about July 15. 

Stictocephala pacifica Van D. Not uncommon about Fallen 
Leaf Lake during July. 

Telamona barbata Van D. On July 30 I took numbers of 
what may prove to be this species from a willow having pale 
green foliage, growing on the southern slope of Mount Tallac. 
These have the crest more erect and elevated than the types from 
New York State. 

Telamona obsoleta Ball. One example of this form was beaten 
from a willow near Glen Alpine Springs, July 22. 

Orgerius rhyparus Stal. Two fully grown examples were 
taken near the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake July 17. 


Elidiptera woodworthi, new species 


Closely allied to septentrionalis; broader, more mottled with white; 
front whitish with its base and the clypeus fulvo-testaceous. Length 
7mm. 

Vertex a little shorter than in septentrionalis, scarcely as long as 
broad, the impressed median line almost obsolete in the female. Front 
a little narrower than in the allied species, sides almost rectilinear, at 
apex curving inward to base of clypeus. Pronotum as in septentrionalis, 
narrowly produced to about the middle of the eyes and truncate at apex. 


246 University of California Publications. |ENTOMOLOGY 


-Elytra broad as in variegata and pallida. Rostrum reaching to apex of 
penultimate ventral segment. Hind edge of genital segment feebly 
arcuated in the female, quite deeply notched in the male, leaving a con- 
spicuous lobe or tooth at the lower angle next the ventral insicure; dorsal 
plate of the male long and triangular at apex. In the male of septen- 
trionalis the genital segment is truncated, without a ventral notch, and 
the dorsal plate is short and truncated, not exceeding the plates. 

Color fulvo-testaceous, becoming more gray on vertex and pronotum; 
elytra milky-white with pale nervures, varied with testaceous-brown and 
dotted with fuscous, the brown forming a longitudinal series of three 
squarish patches on each elytron, the anterior two sometimes obscurely 
united by a brownish cloud along the claval suture; inner apical cells 
mostly brown crossed by white nervures and veinlets; the fuscous dots 
arranged along nervures and on costal margin, where they form two 
irregular marks before the apical areoles. Wings infuscated at apex. 
Pronotum irrorate with brown, the fulvous mesonotum more obscurely so. 
Beneath and legs almost uniformly fulvo-testaceous with a dark lateral 
vitta covering the eye and shading below to black with the extreme edge 
of the inferior aspect of the pronotum clear white. Front whitish, with 
the base to a little below the upper angle of the eye darker and irrorate 
with brown. Edges of the pleural pieces and ventral segments whitish. 


Described from numerous examples taken on the Jeffrey pine, 
especially along the southern slope of Mount Tallac, after July 
19. They were also beaten from cypress bushes growing on this 
same slope and here the young were taken with the adults. This 
is of a clearer gray than any of our other species of Elidiptera. 
It has much the aspect of the eastern variegata but that is a larger 
and darker form with a shorter vertex. In my key of 1907 it runs 
directly to septentrionalis but may be distinguished from that 
form by its more whitish aspect, broader form, the mostly pale 
front and the different genital characters. 


Catonia nemoralis, new species 


Size and aspect of grisea, to which it is closely related; ashy gray 
with the elytra irrorated and mottled with fuscous and dotted with white 
veinlets, the front uniformly whitish-testaceous. Length 5 mm. 

Vertex short, truncate, broader than in grisea, not as long as width 
of each compartment. Pronotum at the middle scarcely as long as vertex. 
Mesonotum shorter than in grisea, about twice length of vertex and pro- 
notum together (in grisea three times as long). Front broader than in 
grisea, but little wider toward clypeus. Last ventral segment of the 
male truncated, with a subacute triangular median tooth about one-third 
the length of the valves, while in grisea it is nearly half their length. 
Plates oblong, a little narrowed at apex. 


Vou.1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera 247 


Color of head, pronotum and mesonotum fulvo-testaceous, becoming 
more brown on mesonotum, where the dark irrorations are more con- 
spicuous. Pronotum darkened either side of the median carina, with 
about four brown points behind each eye; vertex sometimes showing 
dark irrorations. Elytra testaceous-gray with a tinge of brown and 
marked with two obscure transverse brown bands, one, more distinct, at 
the basal third, the other at the apex of the clavus, the costa with a 
narrow fuscous line; all the nervures, including the costal, pale, slenderly 
edged with fuscous and broken by numerous white transverse veinlets. 
Wings fuscous at apex with darker nervures. Front and clypeus whitish- 
testaceous, immaculate or nearly so. Pectus and legs brown, inferior 
aspect of pronotum testaceous, knees, tips of the tibiae and tarsi pale. 
Abdomen black, white-pruinose, the slender edges of segments and genital 
pieces pale. Antennae brown, the setae black. 


Described from numerous examples taken June 20 to the last 
of July from the level of Lake Tahoe up to 8000 feet. This 
species seems to live entirely on the lodge-pole pine, although it 
was occasionally captured on other trees whence it had evidently 
flown from the pines. 


Catonia succinea, new species 


Form and aspect of majusculus; a little smaller and nearly immacu- 
late but closely allied to it in most of its characters; pale amber-brown 
above, almost white beneath. Length 6mm. 

Vertex distinctly longer than in majusculus, passing the eye by about 
one-fourth its length, anterior edge parabolic and obviously carinate; 
median carina prominent, abbreviated before; hind edge almost truncate. 
Pronotum shorter than vertex, carinae prominent. Mesonotal carinae 
sharp, feebly arcuate at apex. The closed elytra almost parallel, a very 
little wider toward their apex. Front narrower than in majusculus, not 
obviously wider at apex, carinae prominent. Last ventral segment of the 
male truncate at apex, without a median tooth, plates contiguous at base, 
oblong, oblique at apex. 

Color a uniform obscure amber-brown, quite strongly tinged with 
fulvous on mesonotum; surface of the elytral areoles subhyaline and 
beautifully green-iridescent when closed over the wings. Beneath whitish, 
tinged with fulvous or amber on the front, clypeus, mesopleura and apex 
of the tarsi; lateral carinae of the front pale. 


Described from twelve examples, representing both sexes, 
taken about the upper end of Fallen Leaf Lake and along Glen 
Alpine Creek during July. Most of these I beat from cypress 
bushes and that probably is the native food-plant of the species. 

Oliarus fidus Van D. One pair taken near Glen Alpine Creek 
in July. These are a little larger and darker than those from 
San Diego County but do not seem to differ otherwise. 


248 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


Cixius basalis Van D. Not uncommon during July about 
Fallen Leaf Lake and at Half Moon Lake. This species has been 
taken in the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia and in 
Colorado, and is common in the northeastern states and Canada. 

Laccocera obesa Van D. Several females were found on the 
flats at. the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 17. 

Inburma magnfrons Crawf. Taken with the preceding. 

Inburnia sp. A species near osborni was very abundant on a 
marshy meadow near the Angora Lakes at an altitude of 7200 
feet. 

Koebelia californica Baker. Abundant on lodge-pole pine. 
They began reaching maturity about July 12 and by the last of 
the month few nymphs were seen. 

Kocbelia irrorata Ball. One pair was taken with the preced- 
ing on July 22. It is larger, with a longer vertex, and is paler 
in color and less mottled, and the genital characters are distinct. 

Oncopsis variabilis Fitch. On alders about the upper end of 
Fallen Leaf Lake, July 5 to 19. These are all pale yellow or 
testaceous and are without the oblique elytral vitta. One male 
does not differ from the female in color. 

Oncopsis prunt Prov. Two males taken at Half Moon Lake 
and one near Cathedral Lake, July 5. 

Idiocerus amoena Van D. Taken at the lower levels during 
July. 

Agallia californica Baker. Angora Lake, June 22, and Fallen 
Leaf Lake, July 16. 

Helochara communis Fiteh. Lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, 
not uncommon. 

Xerophloea viridis Fabr. One large rather gray specimen 
was taken with the preceding. 

Gypona angulata Spangb. <A single specimen taken near Glen 
Alpine Springs, July 12. 

Errhomenellus maculatus G. & B. Two young and two adults 
of what I believe to be this species were taken along the Tallac 
short trail, July 5. 

Parabolocratus viridis Uhler. Several were found near the 
sawmill at the lower end of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 17. 

Aligia gucunda Uhler. Beaten from chinquapin oaks on the 
western short of Fallen Leaf Lake, July 5. 


VoL. 1] Van Duzee.—Lake Tahoe Hemiptera . 249 


Aligia inscripta Van D. Taken with the preceding and on the 
southern slope of Mount Tallac. 

Deltocephalus affinis G. & B. Flats at lower end of Fallen 
Leaf Lake, July. 

Deltocephalus vanduzer G. & B. Not uncommon on the low 
lands and on the meadow near the Angora Lakes. 

Deltocephalus punctatus O. & B. Two taken near Fallen 
Leaf Lake. This seems to be scarcely more than a pale form of 
fuscinervosus. 

Phlepsius ovatus Van D. Taken at the lower end of Lake 
Tahoe, July 17. 

Phlepsius occidentalis Baker. Lower end of Fallen Leaf 
Lake, July 25. 

Euscelis exitiosus Uhler. Common up to 7500 feet. 

Euscelis striolus Fall. One example was taken on the mead- 
ows near the Hotel Tallac, July 31. 

Thamnotettia geminata Van D. Common about the lower end 
of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Thamnotettix longiseta Van D. Two examples taken with the 
preceding. 

Cicadula laeta Uhler. One pair taken with the foregoing, 
July 17. 

Cicadula sexnotata Fall. Abundant about the Angora Lakes, 
Half Moon Lake and Grass Lake. Here as elsewhere it lives on 
fine grasses growing near water or in damp situations. 

Balclutha impicta Van D. Two females were taken in a 
swampy meadow at the foot of Angora trail in July. 

Eugnathodus abdominals Van D. Not uncommon in fields 
about Hotel Tallac during July. 

Dicraneura carneola Stal. Abundant in a swampy meadow 
near the Angora Lakes and more rarely in grassy places about 
Fallen Leaf Lake and Grass Lake. 

Empoa commissuralis Stal. Near Glen Alpine Creek, three 
examples. 

Aphalara calthae Linn. Beaten from chaparral along the 
western shore of Fallen Leaf Lake in July. 

Euphyllura arbuticola Crawf. Three examples taken with 
the preceding. 

Euphyllura nevadensis Crawf. Common on Ceanothus with 
the preceding. 


Transmitted March 20, 1916. 


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_ APHIDIDAE OF CALIFORN 1A. 


. NEW SPECIES OF APHIDIDAE AND NOTES FROM 
~ VARIOUS PARTS OF THE STATE, BUT CHIEFLY 
- FROM THE CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY 
OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 
~ CALIFORNIA ae 





BY 
“E.-O.. ESSIG 





UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
«BERKELEY 





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8. The Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates on Some Biological’ = 
Transformations of AELOBED in Soils, by W. P.. Kelley, Pp. 39-49, eR eA bee ee 
December, 1912 nn. ceescacecnteesesee cesseeneenndeensecnneenentanteenseeseencbecnenengtennatavesnetantes ReneS Ee ae «Sat 
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“gh 


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ENTOMOLOGY 
Vol. 1, No. 7, pp. 301-346 July 20, 1917 


APHIDIDAE OF CALIFORNIA’ 


NEW SPECIES OF APHIDIDAE AND NOTES FROM VARIOUS 
PARTS OF THE STATE, BUT CHIEFLY FROM THE 
CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALI- 
FORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 


BY 
E. O. ESSIG 


CONTENTS fe 

0 ERSRET A SCR gee) 5 es SI a PR ce Gt Ne mn pene an 302 
MRE TS TIMBRE Wid TD GET OM Neat Ltn Meal e- Ss cacinw vernas see coed lcna cet ee-Lanadea 4 dobtiee se 302 
OS ES AEDES ET RYT OW 205 a WI 0g Ole ta aaa Ue Se A nn 302 
Winged viviparous female—virgogenia ...........----..--------seeeeeeeeeeeeees 303 
Poste LOCcaiislem, aiaves ANd GOLECtOrs \.._.5.-- 2 li ece. ccceeneen an deersnna see 305 
CEL it ES eg at cls «a Ln a kOe eee 305 
EMPEROR MINT AT AN UICOLOTIAY CU LATG) orcc eo coecnntenn-p-n.neveeuwe ocuvchds edn toaceGe-esnnmrene 305 
Winged vipiparous female—virgogenia ............--....-----.:.-2-2:000eeeeee0= 305 

SLRS LISS) re a 8 Ge ME a DIR Re OP eR 306 
TELE nea ah Ng SES ep AG th lO er a 307 
TET Sh ae Si MUas et SRE it ly pn el 307 

COR us Easy ell SAE Ta TICS ph Me a/R ont sie RR a ee ee 307 

tt eRe eee, Ree Ae Sees ol loaeed oyuce i ben andenonp seecien ewe ndee 308 

POM Pe OCRILICE, COLES IANO COMGCLOIGE (o.c-c1e-ce-ncecc---cpiccrenneaeaasractecuoser 310 
WS Ans pA AP PREORE MOOT YT @ hg ae Res MRMRIN.2el tp on A I ee Tr 311 
Apterous viviparous female—virgogenia ..........--...2222:00-22--eeeeeeeeeee 311 
Winged viviparous female—virgogenia ..................-.------ cere ee emis 312 

Host piantwiocalities, dates and Collectors .......2---..--tc---ssae--e-eeenee OLS 
NI deT NC aaa oc ck S eat dal ook gctainne toca ctananteincsanpaerstphanitets +e 314 
Apterous viviparous female—virgogenia ..........-..--.---:2:0e--eeeeeeeeee 314 
Winged viviparous female—virgogenia, .............-22.:::0:010seeeeeee ee 315 

Host plants, localities, dates and collectors ......... Rete eet dees. She 

CAPA Tia COUR gn, TRC Ca oie AS OI I See a aie 
Apterous viviparous female—virgogenia ...........--.-2-:----:--e-200eee0 318 
Winged viviparous female—virgogenia ...0.........-ceeeeececeeeeeeeeeeeee es 319 

Host plants, localities, dates and collectors ...............--..----0----1---+- 320 
ae OR I PM me NA Art ol. 8 ge cn dic wait edesdivvudt okideay ecevcconsabuntes 321] 


_1This paper is No. XI in the author’s series ‘‘ Aphididae of Califor- 
nia,’’ published in the Pomona Journal of Entomology and Zoology. 


ae 


302 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGY 


INTRODUCTION 


California offers a specially inviting field for the study of 
the Aphididae not only because of the comparatively large num- 
ber of new species yet undescribed, but also because of the great 
and varied adaptations constantly going on to the everchanging 
vegetation at the hand of man. The campus of the University 
of California with its many native plants growing under per- 
fectly natural conditions and the hundreds of introduced species, 
together with numerous parks such as Golden Gate Park, San 
Francisco, furnish large and excellent fields for study and in- 
vestigation. In such environment there are not only many new 
species of insects to be had, but there are the constant changes 
of food plants and distribution of old and well known species. 
The material at hand was taken under such conditions and rep- 
resents but a small part of a season’s work. Unless otherwise 
specified the data was taken in the field by the writer. 


DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES 


Myzocallis arundinariae, n. sp. 

1. Davidson, W. M., Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909, Callip- 
terus arundicolens (Clarke). 

2. Essig, E. O., Pom. Coll. Jour. Ent., ‘vol. 4, no. 3, p. 762, 1912; 
Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). 

3. Essig, E. O., Inj. & Ben. Ins. Cal., ed. 1, p. 83, 1913, fig. 65, 
Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). 

4, Davidson, W. M., Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, pp. 129-130, 1914, 
fig. 2, Hucallipterus arundicolens (Clarke). 

5. Essig, E. O., Inj. & Ben. Ins. Cal., ed. 2, p. 84, 1915, fig. 67, 
Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). 

During the year 1911 the writer received from Mr. C. W. 
Beers, Horticultural Commissioner of Santa Barbara County, a 
few leaves of bamboo taken at Carpinteria, California, and in- 
fested with a yellow and black plant louse which agreed so well 
with the description of Callipterus arundicolens (Clarke)? that 
it was unquestionably listed as that species. The same insect was 
taken and received by the writer from a number of localities 
throughout the state since that time, but it was not until the past 
year, when a close study of the species described by Professor 


2Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. 


Vow. 1] Essig. —Aphididae of California 303 


Clarke was made in the type locality at Berkeley, that it was 
discovered that the former insect had some marked and constant 
characters not common to the latter and that the differences were 
sufficient to separate the two. The former has therefore been 
described as a new species, Myzocallis arundinariae from the 
generic name of the bamboo most commonly infested. Only the 
winged viviparous females—virgogeniae—could be secured, 
though the writer made a special trip to Sacramento where he 
had previously taken the species, and enlisted aid from all pos- 





Fie. 1. Myzocallis arindinariae, n.sp. Winged viviparous female. A, 
adult; B, lateral aspect of head showing protuberance; C, cornicle; D, 
eauda and anal plate; H, lateral view of the dorsum of the abdomen 
showing dark tubercles and cauda; F, and G, antenna. (Original.) 


sible sources in the attempt. The apparent absence of sexuales 
is also in contrast to Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) which had 
an abundance at this time. 


WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 
The color varies from whitish to pale yellow with noticeable 
black markings and bright red compound eyes. The average 
length is 1.4 mm. and the width near the base of the abdomen 
0.4mm. The head is often slightly dusky and has two lateral 
and a dorsal longitudinal black vittae. The antennae (fig. 1, 


304 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoey 


F, G) are yellow and black and often covered with a white fluffy 
material giving a bluish cast to the black beneath. Articles I, 
II and VI are dusky, while all of III excepting the middle is 
black and IV and V are black at the extreme bases and the 
apices. The length of the antennae is more than twice that of 
the body; that of the respective articles being: I 0.1 mm., II 
0.08 mm., III 0.98 mm., IV 0.65mm., V 0.58mm., VI 0.64 mm. 
(base 0.29 mm., filament 0.35 mm.), total 3.03 mm. The sensoria 
are transversely oval and variable in size, but the majority are 
about equal in length to half the width of the article. On 
Article III there are from four to nine confined to the basal third. 
The following tabulation will give an idea of the number on the 
pairs of antennae of forty-four individuals, the colon separating 
the individuals and the comma the articles, 7, 7: 6, 5:5, 5: 6, 6: 7, 
WAY PEG visto usin oes h Te Mite elute) Fila (iy aye eh Wee) 
86,9 76, 124,07 6)6 3670 be Ono Oe le eee 
134, 6°05'3,75,.0 20,61 O56 2 Old 0 GO OG 
7. The usual number occur on articles V and VI. There are bis 
few very inconspicuous hairs on the antennae. <A very large 
protuberance is located on the underside of the head just in front 
of the rostrum (fig. 1, B) which it equals in length. The rostrum 
is very short, reaching only to the front coxae. The thorax is 
yellow with amber or slightly dusky muscle lobes and a dark 
vitta on each side in front of the bases of the wings and two 
indistinct dusky lines on the dorsum. The venation of the wings 
is shown in the accompanying drawing (fig. 1, 4). The legs 
are yellow with the apical portions of the tarsi dusky. The 
abdomen has two longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles (fig. 1, 
A, E,); there being eight separate pairs and one large patch 
made by the fusing of the ninth pair. A small hair or spire 
arises from each of the dark areas and two from the largest 
posterior one. The cornicles (fig. 1, C) are yellow, short and 
much wider at the base than at the mouth. A very long hair 
arises from a tubercle near the middle of the hind margin. The 
length is 0.1mm. The cauda (fig. 1, D) is knobbed and con- 
spicuously dusky or black. The anal plate (fig. 1, D) is dis- 
tinetly bilobed and pale or dusky yellow. 

The nymphs are pale yellow or very bright amber in color 
and covered with numerous long knobbed spines or hairs. 


y) ’ ? 


’ td > 


~1 on 0 
Noa. 
de 
DN = 


? ») ? 7 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 305 


HOSTS, LOCALITIES, DATES AND COLLECTORS 
1. Bamboo, Arundo, sp., Stanford University, Cal., October, 1908?. 
W. M. Davidson.3 
2. Bamboo, Arundinaria, sp.?, Carpinteria, Cal., July 20, 1911. C. 
W. Beers. 
8. Bamboo, Arundo, sp.. San José, Cal., Oct. 15, 1911. W. M. 
Davidson. 
4. Bamboo, Arundinaria japonica 8S. & Z., Capitol Park, Sacramento, 
Cal., April 30, 1912. The writer. 
5. Bamboo, Arundo, sp.?, Exposition Park, San Diego, Cal., April 
27,1916. A. F. Swain. 
6. Bamboo, Arundinaria, sp.?, Montecito, Cal., June 27, 1916. C. 
W. Beers. 
. Bamboo, Arundinaria japonica 8. & Z., Capitol Park, Sacramento, 
Cal., Dec. 14, 1916. The writer. 


~I 


The writer has also had reports of its occurrence elsewhere in 
Southern California but has not been able to verify them. 

In all cases the insects work on the leaves, usually the under- 
sides, and produce sufficient honey-dew to cause considerable 
smutting. 

COTYPES 

All of the descriptions made by the author have been from a 
series of individuals which of course become cotypes. These have 
been placed in the collections of the U. 8. National Museum, 
Washington, D. C., and the California Academy of Sciences, San 
Francisco, Cal., while a good series in each case has remained in 
the author’s collection. In case of the species herein described 
they have been deposited as directed above. 


Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 
WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 
ieClarke, W. 1. (orig. deésc:), Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903, 
Callipterus. 
, 2. Essig, E. O. (host index), Pom. Coll. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, no. 2, 
p. 458, 1911, Callipterus. 


3. Essig, E. O. (list), Pom. Coll. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, no. 3, p. 263, 
1912. 


The color of the winged viviparous female is from whitish 
to pale lemon-yellow with bright red compound eyes, a pitch 


3 The writer received a mounted slide of specimens taken by Mr. 
Davidson at San José, California, which proved to be this species. These 


specimens are probably the same as those which he also took at Palo Alto 
as recorded above. 


306 University of California Publications [ENToMoLocyY 


black cauda and black or dusky antennal markings. It very 
much resembles the corresponding form of the preceding species 
in size, color and shape, but lacks the black tubercles on the 
dorsum and has the sensoria on article III of the antennae 
grouped about one-third the distance from the base instead of 
being confined to the basal third (fig. 2, D). The number of 
sensoria is also smaller as will be seen from the following tabu- 
lation of thirty-one individuals 6, 6:7, 7:5, 5:6, 8:4, 5:4, 4:5, 





Fie. 2. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). Winged viviparous female. 
A, adult; B, cornicle; C, cauda, and anal plate; D and EH, antenna; F, 
article III of the antenna of a sexupara. 


6:5, 6:9, 6:2.6,'6: 5, 5:6, 6:5, 6.6, 677, 8: 5, 65. GO; Gave 
6:4, 6:6, 6:6,0:0,6°5, 6:6, 620,606: 5, 620860305: 0 0) 
stigma of the wings usually lack the darker spots at the base 
which is so constant in Myzocallis arundinariae, and the cauda 
is usually blacker. 


SEXUPARA 
ioe er 
The sexupara is very much hke the virgogenia, but is usually 
a little larger. There are also more sensoria on article III of the 
antennae (fig. 2, /) as shown by the following tabulation of 
eighteen individuals: 7, 8:10, 10:7,°7:3,'9:6, 9:8. 9:6.10eae 
be ioe (in eiri teh, obit ens SPIO Reels bo tee ven 7 aI) 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California — 307 


SEXUALES 


FEMALE 

The sexual female is large, robust and apterous, varying from 
whitish to very pale yellow and immaculate excepting the dark 
patches on the antennae and tarsi as well as the pitch black cauda. 
The length averages 2mm. and the width 1.3 mm. The dorsum 
has four longitudinal rows of hair-like spines which arise from 
quite large tubercles. The antennae (fig. 3, C, D) are longer 
than the body, the individual articles being as follows: I 0.11 
mm., II 0.07 mm., III 0.9 mm., IV 0.57 mm., V 0.5 mm., VI 0.66 





Fic. 3. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). Sexual female. A, side 
view; B, hind tibia showing sensoria; C and D, antenna; £, cornicle. 
(Original. ) 


mm. (base 0.31 mm., filament 0.35 mm.), total 2.81 mm. The 
sensoria are transversely oval and similarly located as in the 
other forms, but are fewer in number, varying from none at all 
to three or four. The hind tibiae (fig. 3, B) are swollen and 
covered with a great many small circular sensoria. 


Eaas 
The eggs are pale yellow or whitish when first laid, but soon 
become shining black. They are oval with a conspicuous blunt 
stipe or pedicel at one end. The length averages 0.07 mm. They 
are deposited singly, in uneven masses or more often in rows 
on the undersides of the leaves and are at once conspicuous to 
the naked eye. 


308 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoey 


MALE 
The male is winged and much darker in color than any of the 
other forms. The average length is 1.5 mm. The head and 
articles I, II and VI of the antennae are dusky, while article III 
is almost black throughout, the apical half of IV is also black 





Fic. 4. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). Eggs. The pale ones are 
freshly laid and become black soon afterwards. Three are greatly en- 
larged to show the pedicel at one end. (Original. Photo by Div. Sci. 
Illust., Univ. Calif.) 


and V isa little darker than VI. The antennae (fig. 5, B—E’) are 
much longer than the body, the lengths of the respective articles 
being: I 0.07 mm., II, 0.07 mm., III 0.93 mm., IV 0.58 mm., V 
0.48 mm., VI 0.68 mm. (base 0.31 mm., filament 0.37 mm.), total 
2.81 mm. The sensoria are transversely oval and numerous on 


VoL, 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 309 


article III, numbering from 21 to 30 and covering the entire 
length excepting the extreme base. On article IV there are from 
3 to 8 which are usually confined to the apical two-thirds of the 
joint. On article V there are from 2 to 9 distributed indefinitely 
along the entire length. There are from 1 to 6, not ineluding 
those in the process, on article VI located usually near the middle 
of the base. The following tabulation, which does not include the 
sensoria in the process of VI, will serve to give an idea of the 
variation in numbers on the respective articles : 





Fic. 5. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke). Male. A, dorsal aspect; 
B E, antennae. (Original.) : 


Individuals iO Yi V VI 
1 27 3 8 2 
26 4 8 2 

2 29 5 9 3 
26 6 5 o 

3 25 rf 6 2 
25 4 6 6 

+ 21 8 5 2 
25 4 6 5 

5 26 3 5 3 
26 ri 6 3 

6 28 5 2 2 
25 6 4 2 


310 University of California Publications [ENTOMOLOGY 


Individuals III IV V VI 
7 26 3 iW) 3 
28 6 Af 3 
8 28 6 8 article missing 
30 3 vf 2 
9 24 4 7 article missing 
29 7 8 article missing 
10 24 4 5 article missing 
26 5 8 article missing 
11 25 4 6 1 
26 5 if 2 


The legs are quite long, dusky yellow with almost black femora 
which have rather prominent oval or circular pale areas showing 
specially well in the mounted specimens. The thorax is yellow 
or dusky with brown or black muscle lobes. The abdomen is 
yellow with black spots along the margins and numerous black 
patches on the dorsum usually arranged in transverse rows. The 
cornicles are short and dusky yellow. The cauda and anal plates 
are from dusky to pitch black. Short spines arise from the dusky 
areas on the dorsum, being arranged in longitudinal rows. 


HOST PLANTS, LOCALITIES, DATES AND COLLECTORS 


1. Bamboo, Arundo, sp.,4 Berkeley, Cal., 1903. W. T. Clarke. 
2. Bamboo, Arundinaria japonica 8. & Z., U. C. Campus, Berkeley, 
Cal., 1916. Different forms taken by the writer as follows: 


Virgogeniae—Abundant on the undersides of the leaves 
throughout the summer and fall. Those described were col- 
lected on June 1 and July 17. 

Sexuparae—Quite numerous in the late fall. Collected Nov. 
28 and 29 and Dee. 28. 

Sexuales—The females abundant from the last of October to 
the first of December and a few stragglers remaining until 
after January 1. Collected Nov. 28 and 29 and Dee. 28. The 
males not abundant at any season, but most numerous about 
the middle of November. Collected Nov. 28, and 29. None 
were to be found as late as Dee. 28. 

Eggs were laid the last of October and a few still being 
deposited in late December, but on Dec. 28 very few freshly 
laid eggs could be found, practically all having already 
assumed the shiny black color. 


4 This plant is undoubtedly Arundinaria japonica 8. & Z., which is the 
common species infested on the campus where the type specimens were 
also taken. i 


VOL wary Essig —Aphididae of California 311 


Symydobius® agrifoliae, n. sp. 

This species was first collected by S. H. Essig and the writer 
in 1911, but as only apterous forms were secured at that time no 
attempt was made to describe it. During the spring of 1916 a 
number of winged and apterous viviparous females were taken 
by S. H. Essig and forwarded to the writer. As previously 
believed it proved to be a new species, which I am naming after 
the species of the host plant. It is with gratitude here that I 
acknowledge the great help constantly given by my brother men- 
tioned above. 





Fig. 6. Symydobius agrifoliae, n.sp. Apterous viviparous female. 4, 
dorsal aspect; B, cauda and anal plate; C, cornicle; D, antenna. 
(Original. ) 


APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 


The mature apterous female is rather robust and of a dark 
reddish brown color with hghter amber or yellowish markings 
describing roughly the letter Y on the back. The dorsum and 
sides are also obscurely marked with black blotches. The length 
averages about 1.6 mm., and the greatest width is 1.1 mm. The 
head is rather narrow and pale amber at the bases of the 
antennae. The eyes are dark red. The antennae (fig. 6, D) are 


5The genus Symydobius has been wrongly spelled Symdobius in the 
author’s former articles. 


312 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGY 


dusky with the greater portion of article III and the bases of 
articles [IV and V pale. The length is nearly as great as that 
of the body, the measurements of the respective articles being: 
IT 0.08 mm., II 0.07 mm., III 0.41 mm., IV 0.38 mm., V 0.26 mm., 
VI 0.16 mm. (base 0.13 mm., spur 0.03 mm.), total 1.28 mm. 
There is considerable variation in the measurements of different 
individuals, but the relative lengths are fairly constant. *The 
usual sensoria are present on articles V and VI, but very few 
hairs are present on any of the articles. The rostrum is hght 
amber in color and reaches slightly beyond the third coxae. The 
legs are rather short and dark brown with lighter areas in the 
middle of the tibiae of most specimens. The cornicles (fig. 6, C) 
are dark, very short, wide at the base and narrow at the mouth, 
which has a very wide lip or flange and small opening. The 
eauda (fig. 6, B) is dark, broad at the base with a rounded tip 
and normally hairy. The anal plate (fig. 6, B) is dark, rounded 
and has a small but distinct incision or notch in the middle. 
The nymphs are slightly paler in color than the mature forms. 


WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 


The winged forms are dark reddish brown with black mark- 
ings. The length averages 1.9 mm., and the greatest width 1 mm. 
The head is light or very dark reddish brown. The antennae 
(fig. 7, C) are dusky or black with the greater portion of article 
III and the basal halves of IV and V pale yellow or amber. They 
are about three-fourths the length of the body, the measurements 
of the respective articles being: I 0.1 mm., II 0.07 mm., IIT 0.44 
mm., LV 0.3 mm., V 0.28 mm: V1.0.18 mm. (base*013 ema 
spur 0.05 mm.), total 1.387 mm. There are from four to eight 
large and small circular sensoria on article III. Of fourteen 
antennae examined to ascertain the number of sensoria on article 
III it was found that but one had 4 sensoria, three had 5, six 
had 6, two had 7, and two had 8. Articles V and VI have the 
usual sensoria. The rostrum is amber in color and reaches to the 
third coxae. The thorax is reddish brown with very dark brown 
or black muscle lobes. The wings are subhyaline with distinct 
dusky bordered veins. .The venation is shown in the accompany- 
ing drawing (fig. 7,4). The legs are dark with lighter areas in 
the middle of the tibiae. The abdomen is reddish brown with one 
or two rows of dark or black markings near the margins from 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 313 


which arise short spines. The dark areas increase in size towards 
the posterior end. The cornicles (fig. 7, B), the cauda and the 
anal plate are much the same as in the apterous form already 
described. 


HOST PLANTS, LOCALITIES, DATES AND COLLECTORS 


This species feeds in compact colonies on the bark and very 
rarely on the leaves of the coast lve oak, Quercus agrifolia Nee. 
As already stated apterous forms were first taken by S. H. Essig 





Fic. 7. Symydobius agrifoliae, n.sp. Winged viviparous female. 4, 
dorsal aspect; B, cornicles; C, antenna. (Original.) 


and the writer in Santa Paula Canon, near Santa Paula, Cali- 
fornia, on July 21,1911. Apterous forms as well as winged were 
also taken by the former collector in the same locality on May 
27, 1916, as well as along the Ventura River near Ventura, Cali- 
fornia, on June 21, 1916. 


Symydobius agrifoliae, u.sp. is closely related to Symydobius 
albasiphus Davis, but is at once separated by having a much 
shorter spur on the sixth antennal article as well as other differ- 
ences. 


314 University of California Publications [ENTOMOLOGY 


Myzus aquilegiae, n. sp. 
APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 


The apterous female is very pretty, being of a pinkish or 
reddish color with a very large dark brown or nearly black 
irregular blotch on the middle of the back. The body is of 
medium size, beset with short knobbed hairs and averaging 1.7 
mm. in length and 0.7 mm. in width. The antennae (fig. 8, /’, 
G) arise from definite but short frontal tubercles (fig. 8, B), 


SMe ge 
ts 


Testy te 
Pen EA SA 


aa 


RY 
ey 
i 





Fic. 8. Myzus aquilegiae, n.sp. Apterous viviparous female. 4, 
dorsal aspect; B, head and frontal tubercles; C, cornicle; D, cauda; H, 
tarsus; F-G, antenna. (Original.) 


are slightly longer than the body, dusky throughout excepting 
the base of article III, imbricated and supporting a number of 
knobbed hairs. The lengths of the respective articles are: I 
0.09 mm., II, 0.07 mm., III 0.5 mm., [IV 0.4 mm., V 0.33 mm., 
VI 0.63 mm. (base 0.1 mm., filament 0.53 mm.), total 2.02 mm. 
The sensoria are circular and of various sizes. On article IIT 
they are distributed throughout the length, but are much more 
numerous near the middle. On IV there are usually none, but 
one or two may sometimes occur. The usual number may be 
found on V and VI. The following tabulation gives the variation 
found on articles III and IV from eighteen individual females: 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California aay 


Number Article III Article 1V Number Article III Article IV 
L 26 3 10 18 0 
30 4 15 0 
2 26 iL nial 20 0 
26 0 24 0 
o 19 0 hy 12 0 
22 1 14 0 
4 ie 0) i 16 0 
16 0 11 0 
5 18 0) 14 14 0 
14 0 12 0 
ihe # 11 0) 12 26 2 
dix (0) 20 0 
7 17 0 16 15 0 
viel! 1 12 0 
8 22 0 17 10 0 
18 0 us 0 
9 16 0 18 19 0 
14 0 23 2 


The rostrum is pale with dusky tip and reaches shghtly beyond 
the third coxae. The legs are pale yellow with the apices of the 
tibiae and all of the tarsi dusky. The tarsi (fig. 8, #) are very 
small. The abdomen is yellowish, pinkish or reddish in color 
with a large brown or black patch on the dorsum and a marginal 
row of small dark spots on the sides. The large dorsal dark 
patch may in some eases cover all of the dorsum excepting the 
extreme base and the area behind the cornicles. The cornicles 
(fig. 8, C) are whitish or yellow, faintly imbricated, nearly 
eylindrical, with slightly wider base and small flare at the mouth. 
The length averages 0.47 mm., or about three times the length of 
the hind tarsi. The eauda (fig. 8, D) varies from yellowish to 
pale pink or reddish, is gradually pointed and about two-thirds 
as long as the cornicles. 


WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENTA 


The winged viviparous female is yellow or reddish with a 
number of dark brown or black markings over the body. The 
length averages 1.4 mm., and the width 0.45 mm. The body is 
sparsely covered with simple and knobbed curved spines. The 
head is black and the compound eyes red. The antennae (fig. 9, 


316 University of California Publications [ENTOMOLOGY 


F, G@) arise from small, but distinct frontal tubercles (fig. 9, B), 
are black throughout with few knobbed hairs. The length is 
greater than that of the body, the respective articles measuring : 
I 0.07 mm., II 0.06 mm., III 0.52 mm., IV 0.4 mm., V 0.36 mm., 
VI 0.8 mm. (base 0.12 mm., filament 0.68 mm.), total 2.21 mm. 
The sensoria are circular, of various sizes and numerous on 
articles III, IV and V, with the usual ones in the process of VI. 
The number varies considerably on the different articles, as the 
following tabulation will show: | 


Article Article Article Article Article Article 

Number III IV V Number eal IV WE 
1 24 0 0 8 34 aby 8 
26 1 0 31 18 6 

2 30 aa 4 9 34 a1 a" 
36 16 9 ot 16 8 

af Bill 18 5) 10 42 oe 3 
oe ahs 9 38 18 4 

4 44 2a. 3 A Os | 34 14 5 
42 23 2s 32 16 5 

5 38 19 6 We 24 15 5 
et 23 8 27 14 

6 85 19 5 13 26 11 6 
29 5 3 23 16 6 

i 33 16 3 14 38 14 9 
34 19 5 34 18 5 


The rostrum is pale with the apical half dusky and reaches 
slightly beyond the third coxae. The thorax is black with reddish 
areas at the sides and between the segments. The wings are 
normal in length with brownish veins and stigma. The venation 
is shown in the accompanying drawing (fig. 9, 4). The legs are 
nearly all black, excepting the middle of the tibiae and the 
bases of the femora. As in the apterous form the tarsi (fig. 9, 
E) are exceptionally small. The abdomen is reddish with small 
irregular dark markings on the sides and dorsum. The cornicles 
(fig. 9, C) vary from pale dusky to black, slightly imbricated, 
eylindrical with a slightly flaring mouth. The length is 0.32 mm., 
or about three times the length of the hind tarsi. The cauda 
(fig. 9, D) is yellow or reddish and about two-thirds the length 
of the cornicles. , 


Vou.1] ° Essig.—Aphididae of California 317 


HOST PLANTS, LOCALITY, DATES AND COLLECTOR 


A native columbine, Aquwilegia truncata F. & M., cultivated 
in the botanical garden on the campus, appears to be the pre- 
ferred food plant, though a few specimens were found through- 
out the season ona nearby species, A. chrysantha Gray. The 
small tender shoots and buds are invariably infested and often 
the plants are considerably injured by the attacks. The species 
passes the entire year on the columbine, going as far down 













TET 
ae 





as Car ae 
= GAOT Sees oe Ropok. we S 0s Go F 





Fic. 9. Myzus aquilegiae, n. sp. Winged viviparous female. A, dorsal 
aspect; Bb, head showing frontal tubercles; C, cornicle; D, cauda; EH, 
tarsus; Ff G, antenna. (Original.) 


around the crown as possible during the winter. The specimens 
described were collected by the writer on June 27 and July 3, 
1916. It was first noticed by the writer in 1914. 

G. O. Shinji, a student, tells me that he has taken this 
species on a wild columbine in Marin County, but I have not seen 
his material to verify the same. 


Aphis cari, n. sp. 


A small plant louse occurring in compact colonies on the 
stems of the common sweet or wild anise, Carum kelloggw Gray, 


318 University of California Publications [ENTOMOLOGY 


was of considerable interest to me when first taken because of 
the characteristic and beautiful coloring. A few specimens were 
also taken on Angelica tomentosa Wats, which led me to believe 
that the species might be Aphis angelicae Koch, reported as 
occurring in this state by H. F. Wilson,® but a microscopic 
examination at once proved it to be widely different from the 
species described by Wilson. Not being able to place it in any 
published description I have decided to describe it as new and 
to name it after the genus of what appears to be the favorite 
host plant. 





Fic. 10. Aphis cari, n.sp. Apterous Viviparous female. A, dorsal 
aspect; B, tarsus; C, cauda; D, cornicle; #, antenna. (Original.) 


APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENIA 


The typical apterous viviparous female is transparently 
white, yellow or pale yellowish green with very noticeable darker 
green markings on the dorsum and particularly a distinct trans- 
verse patch between the bases of the cornicles. The form is 
robust, the length averaging 1.7 mm. and the width 1.2 mm. The 
head is usually pale whitish, yellow or pale yellowish green with- 
out darker markings. The antennae (fig. 10, H’) are whitish or 
yellow throughout the basal half, the remainder being dusky or 
black. Most of the articles are distinctly imbricated. The 
length is about three-fourths that of the body, the lengths of the 
respective articles being: I 0.06 mm., II 0.04 mm., III 0.32 mm., 


‘Jour. Eeon. Ent., vol. 2, pp. 348-349, Oct., 1909. 


Vou. 1] Essig —Aphididae of California 319 


IV 0.21 mm., V 0.16 mm., VI 0.836 mm. (base 0.09 mm., filament 
0.27 mm.), total 1.15 mm. The usual sensoria occur on articles 
V and VI with none on III. The rostrum is pale, transparently 
white and reaches to the third coxae. The prothorax has a large 
lateral tubercle at the base and on each side of the body a tubercle 
is located at the unions of the prothorax and mesothorax and the 
metathorax and abdomen. The legs are normal in length, trans- 
parently white with the tips of the tibiae and the tarsi dusky. 
The cornicles (fig. 10, D) are dusky or black, somewhat wider at 
the base with a medium-sized lip at the mouth, imbricated and 





Fic. 11. Aphis cari, n.sp. Winged viviparous female. 4, dorsal aspect ; 
B, tarsus; C, cauda; D, cornicle; H, antenna. (Original.) 


‘nearly twice as long as the hind tarsi (fig. 10, B), the length 
being 0.33 mm. and the width at the base 0.09 mm. The cauda 
(fig. 10, C) is dusky, nearly as long as the cornicles, rather 
slender, with a distinctly wider base for about two-thirds the 
length when viewed dorsally or ventrally. 


WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE—VIRGOGENTA 


The winged viviparous female is pale yellowish or greenish 
with dark green or black head, antennae, thorax, cornicles, apices 
of the femora, and tibiae and all of the tarsi. The length aver- 
ages 1.7 mm. and the width 1 mm. The antennae (fig. 11, EF) 
are relatively short, reaching only slightly beyond the middle of 
the abdomen. They are dusky or black throughout and imbri- 


320 University of California Publications |ENToMoLoGY 


cated excepting the basal fourth. The lengths of the respective 
articles are: I 0.07 mm., IT 0.06 mm., III 0.43 mm., [V 0.21 mm., 
V 0.18 mm., VI 0.41 mm. (base 0.09 mm., filament 0.32 mm.), 
total 1.36 mm. Article III is covered the entire length with 
numerous circular sensoria of different sizes. The number varies 
considerably, from fifteen to fifty, the average being about thirty- 
five. On article IV of a great many individuals there are no 
sensoria, while on a few the number varies from one to four. 
There are the normal number on V and VI. The venation is 
shown in the accompanying drawing (fig. 11, 4). The rostrum 
is dusky and reaches slightly beyond the third coxae. The pro- 
thorax has a distinct lateral tubercle on each side of the base. 
The legs are transparently white or yellow with the apices of the 
femora and tibiae and all of the tarsi dark. The abdomen is 
yellow or pale yellowish green with a few darker green mark- 
ings on the dorsum, and a distinct narrow transverse patch 
between the cornicles, already referred to. The cornicles (fig. 
11, D) are nearly cylindrical or with the base somewhat wider 
than the mouth. They are black or very dark in color, imbri- 
cated and about twice the length of the hind tarsi (fig. 11, B), 
the length being 0.25 mm. The cauda (fig. 11, C) is much the 
same as that of the apterous female. 

The nymphs vary from pale yellow to faintly yellowish-green 
with few or no darker markings. 


HOST PLANTS, LOCALITIES, DATES AND COLLECTORS 


As previously stated this species was first taken on the native 
wild or sweet anise, Carwm kelloggu. Gray, which appears to be 
the normal food plant. The insects feed in compact colonies on 
the stems, usually near a fork and sometimes entirely out of 
sight beneath the sheath of a leaf petiole. The above infested 
plants were apparently growing in a wild state along a creek bed 
in Napa County near the town of Rutherford. Collected by the 
writer on June 21, 1916. 

The second lot, consisting of but few specimens, was taken on 
the leaves of Angelica tomentosa Wats,- another native plant 
growing in the botanical garden on the campus in close prox- 
imity to a clump of the wild or sweet anise, which at the par- 
ticular time showed no infestation. The specimens were collected 
by the writer on June 27, 1916. 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 321 


On June 27, 1916, Professor C. W. Woodworth took at St. 
Helena a plant louse from Carwm kelloggi Gray which appears 
to be the same species. The apterous viviparous females, which 
were the only forms collected, agree in size, shape and coloration, 
but the cauda is wider and the antennal joints somewhat shorter. 


NOTES ON OTHER APHIDIDAE 
CHIEFLY FROM THE CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, 
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 


Phyllaphis, sp. (fig. 12.) A pale greenish or yellow plant louse 
which secretes over the body a quantity of white woolly material 
and which has commonly been called Phyllaphis querca Fitch. 
It is not that species, as has been pointed out by Baker’ and is 
probably not P. quercifoliae Gillette. It occurs in considerable 
numbers on the undersides of the leaves of the coast live oak, 
Quercus agrifolia Nee., on the campus, but only apterous forms 
have been secured here thus far. Specimens were received from 
Altadena, California, August 14, 1916, taken on the same host 
plant. What also appears to be the same thing was collected at 
Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916, on valley oak, Quercus 
lobata Nee. The lot included one winged male which agrees 
very well with Gillette’s description of the same sex of P. querci- 
foliae. 

Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.). A small yellow and black species 
densely covered with white woolly material was taken on the 
undersides of the leaves of Fagus tricolor in a lath-house at 
Oakland, California, July 25, 1916. All forms appear somewhat 
smaller than specimens which I have under that name in my 
collection. 

Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schrank). <A large dark or pale 
green species infesting the leaves of Norway maple, Acer plata- 
noides Linn., and silver maple, A. saccharinum Linn., in Berkeley, 
and neighboring cities. The dark sexual forms are abundant in 
September and October. This is the commonest species attacking 
the maple here. 

Drepanaphis acertfolu (Thomas). This very pretty insect 
is gray and black in the winged form and pale yellow in the 


7 Baker, A. C., Ent. News, vol. 27, p. 361, 1916. 
* Gillette, C. P., Ent. News, vol. 25, pp. 274-275, 1914, 


Bee University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGy 


apterous, and is at once separated from other closely related 
species by the large dark tubercles on the back of the winged 
forms. It has been taken during several successive years and 
becomes abundant in a few localities. The sexual forms were 
taken September 16, 1916. The Norway maple, Acer plata- 
noides Linn. and the silver maple, A. saccharinum Linn. are 
attacked. 





Fic. 12. Phyllaphis, sp. Colonies on the undersides of the leaves of 
the valley oak, Quercus lobata Nee. The bodies are entirely covered with 
the white woolly material. Rutherford, Cal., June 21, 1916. (Original.) 


Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch). A large green species com- 
mon in certain restricted areas on the European white birch, 
Betula alba Linn. Collected on the campus June 5, 1916. 

Euceraphis betulae (Linn.). A large green and black plant 
louse which is commonest on the birches in this section. It occurs 
on the leaves of the European white birch, Betula alba Linn., the 
cut-leaved birch, B. populifolia laciniata Hort., and the paper or 


VoL. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 323 


eanoe birch, B. papyrifera Marsh. The species is abundant 
throughout the year and causes much smutting of the trees. 
Eucallipterus flavus Davidson. <A pale green species of large 
size taken in few numbers on the old leaves and in abundance on 
the tender shoots of the white alder, Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., 
in Wildcat Canon, near Berkeley, California, May 10, 1916. 
Eucallipterus tiiae (Linn.). <A beautiful yellow and black 





Fig. 13. Myzocallis castaneae (Fitch). On leaf of a chestnut tree, 
Campus, Oct. 10, 1916. (Original.) 


species with black clouded wings which often becomes very 
abundant on linden trees, producing quantities of honey-dew 
and giving the trees a black and offensive appearance. Speci- 
mens were taken on the American linden, Tilia americana Linn., 
in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, May 25, 1916, 
and on white or silver linden, 7’. tomentosa Moench, Berkeley, 
California, June 17, 1916. 

Myzocallis castaneae (Fitch) (fig. 13). A small yellow aphid 
which has been ealled this species occurs on hickory and chest- 
nut on the campus and is often in large enough numbers to 


324 University of California Publications [ENTomoLoey 


cause a general smutting of the trees. Viviparous females occur 
throughout the spring and summer. Sexual forms were taken 
on October 10, 1914. 

Myzocallis coryli (Goetze). This very small pale yellow 
species occurs in great numbers on the undersides of the leaves 
of an introduced hazel or filbert, Corylus maxima Muill., growing 
in the botanical gardens on the campus. The insects secrete 
quantities of honey-dew and cause severe smutting of the foliage. 
Collected in great numbers on June 28, 1916, when apparently 
at its maximum development. | 

Myzocallis pasanae Davidson. <A yellow species of median 
size infesting the undersides of the leaves of the tanbark oak, 
Pasania densiflora Oerst., growing on the Campus, June 27, 1916. 

Myzocallis quercus (Kalt). This small species varies in color 
from pale yellow to light green and has four rather conspicuous 
dark tubercles on the dorsal base of the abdomen. It generally 
infests a number of deciduous oaks on the campus, including the 
English oak, Quercus robur Linn. Collected October 10, 1914, 
and June 20, 1916. It was also taken on what appears to be the 
same oak in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, May 
25, 1916. The species was questioned for some years but was 
recently verified for W. M. Davidson by P. van der Goot and 
for the author by A. C. Baker. (The recently published paper in 
The Entomological News, vol. 28, no. 2, Feb., 1917, pp. 62-63, 
plate 7, by G. O. Shinji, a student here, has added to the con- 
fusion. He described two species, Myzocallis essigt and M. wood- 
worthi from M. quercus (Kalt.). M. essigi is the common forms of 
M. quercus and M. woodworthi is the male of the same thing. All 
of the specimens were taken from the tree from which my speci- 
mens of M. quercus were taken. Had Shinji submitted his paper 
to some member of the entomological department as should have 
been done such an error could have been avoided. Mr. A. C. 
Baker examined the type slides also and agrees with my deter- 
minations. It might be stated here.that there are a number of 
different species on the type slides and it was necessary to have 
Mr. Shinji designate the type described in each case.—March 1, 
1917.) 

Myzocallis ulmifolu (Monell). <A bright yellow species ocecur- 
ring on the leaves of English elm, Ulmus campestris Smith, and 
other elms at Berkeley, California, September 20, 1916, and at 
Sacramento, California, July, 1914. 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 325 


Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.). The common small yellow 
aphid occurring in great numbers on the undersides of the leaves 
of the cultivated English walnut, Juglans regia Linn. It is 
abundant throughout the state where this tree is grown and often 





Fie. 14. Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed). Three apterous viviparous 
females almost hid by the white flocculence. On arroyo willow, Salix 
lasiolepis Benth. Berkeley, Cal., June 15, 1916. (Original.) 


causes much smutting of the foliage. So far I have never taken 
it from any other species of the walnut’. 
Thomasia salicicola Essig. A very dark species with a median 
dorsal longitudinal line on the backs of the apterous females 
9 A common yellow species oceurring on the leaves of various black 
walnuts in this region does not seem to agree with the descriptions of 


Callipterus caryae (Monell) or Monellia caryella (Fitch), however it has 
been determined as the latter by A. C. Baker. 


326 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGY 


occurring in very dense colonies on the terminal shoots of wil- 
lows. Taken on the campus, June 13, 1916, infesting the arroyo 
willow, Salix lasiolems Benth. 

Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed) (figs. 14 and 15). Taken at 





Fig. 15. Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed). Eggs laid on arroyo willow, 
Salix lasiolepis Benth., Sacramento, Cal., Dec. 14, 1916. (Original. Photo 
by Div. Sci. Ilust., Univ. Calif.) 


Berkeley on arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth., June 15, 1916, 
at Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916, on the same willow, 
and at Sacramento, California, December 14, 1916, on the same 
plant. In the latter case the oviparous females were depositing 
quantities of eggs which were partially concealed by white 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 327 


woolly material. This bark feeder is at once distinguished by 
the partial covering of thin white wool and the bright orange 
cornicles. 

Pterocomma popultfoliae (Fitch). This dark gray and brown 
species occurs plentifully on Salix, spp., on the campus, March 
29, 1916. Lacks the cottony covering of the preceding species. 

Tuberolachnus viminalis (Fonse.) (fig. 16). Our largest 
species occurring on willow and easily recognized by the gray 
eolor and the large black tubercle on the back between the 
cornicles. Abundant on the trunks and branches of various 
willows and feeding in large compact colonies. Taken on yellow 
willow, Salix lasiandra Benth., red willow, S. laevigata Bebb., 





Fic. 16. Tuberolachnus viminalis (Fonse.). Apterous viviparous females 
on longleaf willow, Salix longifolia Muhl. Berkeley, Cal., June 10, 1916. 
(Original. ) 


longleaf willow, S. longifolia Muhl., and arroyo willow, S. lasvo- 
lepis Benth., on the campus and at Berkeley and on the arroyo 
willow at Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916. 

Lachnus pim-radiatae Davidson. This very dark green 
species is partially covered with a thin whitish woolly secretion 
and usually feeds in colonies in rows on the pine needles. Taken 
on the campus in small numbers on yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa 
Dougl., January 1 and March 11, 1915. 

Lachnus tujafilinus Del Guercio. A robust brown and grayish 
species occurring in dense colonies on the twigs of common arbor- 
vitae, Thuya occidentalis Linn. Received from Chas. B. Weeks, 
Red Bluff, California, February 8, 1916. 

Nectarosiphum rubicola (Oestlund). <A large normally green 
species occurring in colonies on the undersides of the leaves of 


328 University of California Publications [#NToMoLoey 


the thimble berry, Rubus parviflorus Nutt., on the campus, March 
29,1916. At this date there were also a number of young pink 
forms not observed during the summer. The insects were especi- 
ally abundant on the thimble berry in Wildeat Cafion near - 
Berkeley, May 24, 1916. The species is easily recognized by the 
dusty tip of the primary wings. 

Macrosiphum albifrons Essig. A large green species covered 
with a white pulverulence, which feeds upon various lupines, in- 
eluding Lupinus latifolius Agarth. and tree lupine, L. arboreus 
Sims., on the campus, March 29, 1916. 

Macrosiphum californcum (Clarke) (syn. M. laevigatae 
Essig). A bright green, large very slender species infesting the 
terminal shoots of the young growth of various willows, especially 
the arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth., and the yellow willow, 
S. lasitandra Benth. Occurs on the campus throughout the sum- 
mer and collected June 1, 13, and July 26, 1916. Also taken on 
the arroyo willow at Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916. 

Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby). <A large green and black 
aphid common on various grasses and taken as follows: oats, 
campus, March 10, 1916, and at Martinez, California, June 12, 
1916; on meadow fox-tail, Alopecurus pratensis Linn., campus, 
April 25, 1916; on Ampelodesma tenax Link. and wild rye, 
Elymus, sp., campus, June 27, 1916. In case of the last two 
plants the flower heads were entirely covered with the insects. 

Macrosiphum lactucae (Schrank). <A large bright green and 
black species common on the tender terminal shoots of chicory, 
Chicorium intybus Linn., growing in an apparent wild state at 
Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916. 

Macrosiphum ludovicianae (Oestlund). <A large green species 
with the bodies of many covered with a thin white pulverulence. 
Collected on the campus March 10, 1916, and at Rutherford, 
California, June 21, 1916. In both cases the terminal tips of 
the common wormwood or California mugwort, Artemisia hetero- 
phylla Nutt., were infested.. 

Macrosiphum rhamni (Clarke). This large species is green 
with a noticeable large reddish, nearly circular blotch in the 
middle of the dorsum at the union of the thorax and abdomen. 
This coloration is internal and disappears with mounting. 
Apterous and winged forms were specially abundant on the 
leaves of coffee berry, Rhamus californicus Esch., and less com- 
mon on caseara sagrada, R. purshiana DC., on the campus during 


VoL. 1] Essig. —Aphididae of California 329 


1916. Taken on the former, July 5, when it appeared to have 
reached its maximum development, and on the latter, June 29, 
1916. 

Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.). This is the common large green 
and reddish louse so common in the rose gardens of the state. 
Besides being found on all varieties of roses, this species has 
also been taken on the stems of the heads of the fuller’s teasel, 
Dipsacus fullonuwm Linn., June 7, 1916, the red valerian or 
Jupiter’s beard, Centranthus ruber DC., June 238, 1916, at 
Berkeley, California, and on wild rose. Rosa californica C. & S., 
at Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916. 

Macrosiphum. solanifolu (Ashmead). <A large pale yellow or 
green aphid attacking a large number of plants. On the campus 
it was collected on yarrow, Achillea millefolium Linn., March 29, 
1916, and on tobira or Japanese pittosporum, Pittosporum tobira 
Ait., July 5, 1916. Also taken on the tender shoots of the 
American, white or water elm, Ulmus americanus Linn., in Golden 
Gate Park, San Francisco, California, May 25, 1916. 

Macrosiphum stanleyi Wilson. A beautiful large yellow and 
black species abundant on the undersides of the leaves of the red 
elderberry, Sambucus racemosa callicarpa Jepson, on the campus 
throughout the spring, summer and fall months. It was taken 
in fewer numbers on the tender growth of the blue elderberry, 
S. glauca Nutt., growing along the creek in shady places on the 
campus, May 15, 1916. 

Idiopterus nephreleyidis Davis. A small pitch black species 
with whitish legs and black clouded areas in the wings. It is 
becoming of considerable economic importance as a pest to green- 
house and household ferns. During the past year it has been 
observed to be quite injurious to the common and improved 
Boston ferns, Nephrolepis, spp., as well as to the holly fern, 
Cyrtomium falcatum J. Smith. 

Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson. A large green and black 
species with black conspicuously swollen cornicles. Large num- 
bers of apterous and a single winged individual were taken on 
the crowns at and under the surface of the ground of Shasta 
daisies, Chrysanthemum, sp., Berkeley, California, August 15, 
1916, and on the tender opening buds of the common garden 
cowslip, Primula, sp., December 17, 1916, at the same locality. 

Amphorophora rubs (Kalt.). A large green aphid attacking 
the terminal shoots of the cultivated blackberry, Rubus, sp., and 


330 Unversity of California Publications [ENTomoLocy 


wild blackberry, Rk. vitifolius C. & S., Berkeley, California, 
March 25, and June 6, 1916. 

Toxoptera aurantiae Fonse. A small black species attacking © 
the leaves and terminal shoots of lemon, Martinez, California, 
June 12, 1916, and camellia, Camellia japonica Linn., in a lath- 
house at Oakland, California, July 25, 1916. 

Phorodon humuli (Schrank) 
(fig. 17). A pale yellowish green 
aphid which during the past season 
was first observed on the tender 
leaves of plum on the campus, 
April 7, 1916. At that time only 
apterous females occurred, but on 
April 14 a great many winged 
migrants were present and by 
April 25. practically all were 
winged. The species was also 
abundant on plum in Golden Gate 
Park, San Francisco, California, 
May 25,1916. By the middle of the 
summer all had become winged and 
left the plum trees. Later in Sep- 
tember specimens were taken on 
hops. 

Rhopalosiphum arbutri David- 
son. This is a fairly large green 

and black species occurring com- 
wee es ie eas isis monly on madrone, Arbutus men- 
plum leaf, Berkeley, Cal., April zeisu. Pursh. on the campus. Other 
we een Teco Cali)” trees infested are: the strawberry 
tree Arbutus wnedo Linn., campus, 
May 18, 1916; the tender tips of the mountain holly or Christmas 
berry, Photinia arbutifola Lindl., campus, May 15, 1916. It 
was also collected on the strawberry tree in Golden Gate Park, 
San Francisco, California, June 5, 1916. E. P. Van Duzee of 
the California Academy of Sciences collected it on the common 
manzanita, Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry, at Hoberg’s Resort, 
Lake County, California, August 2, 1916. This is undoubtedly 
Rhophalosiphum nervatum Gillette. 

Rhopalosiphum howardia Wilson. A medium-sized, shiny 

dark red or almost black species associated with Macrosiphum 





Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California ool 


granarium (Kirby) on the leaves, stems and in the heads of oats 
at Martinez, California, June 12, 1916. It was later taken in 
the heads of barley at Rutherford, California, June 21, 1916. 
This is very close if not synonymous with Rhopalosiphum rhovs 
Monell. 

 Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.). A normal-sized green and 
black aphid first taken by the writer on the common sow thistle, 
Sonchus oleraceus Linn., at Santa Paula, California, April 3, 
1916, and erroneously labeled Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulzer). 
Last year it was collected on the same host plant at Berkeley, 
California, June 28, 1916, and at San José, California, July 14, 
1916 

Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette. A green species smaller 
than the common rose aphis, Macrosiphum rosae (linn.), and 
distinguished from it by the darker wing veins and swollen 
eornicles. Occurs throughout the year and collected, February 
20, 1916. (See &. arbuti Davidson). 

Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linn.) (fig. 18). <A large dark- 
red plant louse covered with a fine white pulverulence or often 
a shiny dark green form as appears in the late summer. Winged 
and apterous viviparous females, all pink or dark-red, were first 
taken on tender twigs of a plum tree on the campus, April 7, 
1916, where they occurred in large, compact colonies. The 
species, the same color phase, was also taken on plum in 
Golden Gate Park, San Franciseo, California, May 25, 1916. By 
the middle of June none could be found on the plum in either 
locality, but on June 21, 1916, the dark green and shining phase 
was very abundant on water plantain, Alisma plantago Linn., 
and pondweed, Potamogeton natans Linn., at Rutherford, Cal. 

Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulzer). This is a very common 
green species with a conspicuous black patch in the middle of the 
abdomen of the winged form. It is an omnivorous feeder, attack- 
ing a very large number of plants. Among those observed during 
the past year were: Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg, campus, 
June 27, 1916; Clarkia elegans Dougl., campus, March 29, 1916; 
Pentstemon spectabilis Thurb., campus, Mareh 29, 1916; Cali- 
fornia laurel or pepperwood, Umbellularia californica Nutt., 
campus, April 16, 1916; nasturtium, Hayward, California, April 
19, 1916 (coll. by Roy E. Campbell) ; tulip tree, Liriodendron 
tulipifera (Linn.), campus, April 24, 1916; tobira or Japanese 
pittosporum, Pittosporum tobira Ait., campus, July 5, 1916; 


332 University of California Publications [ENTomonoey 


tarata, Pittosporum eugenioides A. Cunn., campus, July 5, 1916; 
Victorian box, Pittosporum undulatum Vent., campus, July 5, 
1916; Baccharis douglas DC., Berkeley, California, June 17, 
1916, red valerian or Jupiter’s beard, Centranthus ruber DC., 





Fig. 18. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linn.). Colony on twig of plum. 
One mature apterous viviparous female and the remainder nymphs. 
Berkeley, Cal., April 18, 1916. (Original. Photo by Div. Sei Uhiste 
Univ. Calif.) 


Berkeley, California, June 23, 1916; the fullers’ teasel, Dipsacus 
fullonum Linn., campus, June 27, 1916, Escallonia pulverulenta 
Pers., campus, June 27, 1916; Melianthus major Linn., campus, 
June 27, 1916, and sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linn., Berkeley, 
California, August 15, 1916. 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 333 





Fic. 19. Myzus cerasi (Fab.) on the underside of a cherry leaf and 
curled leaves caused by the attacks. Berkeley, Cal., April 25, 1916. 
(Original. Photo by Div. Sci. Iust., Univ. Calif.) 


334 University of California Publications [ENTomoLocy 


Rhopalosiphum rhois Monell. A dark green or black shiny 
aphid occurring abundantly on the tender shoots of the poison 
oak, Rhus diwersiloba T. & G., during the spring and early sum- 
mer, but entirely disappearing by the middle of summer. Often 





Fig. 20. Myzus varians Davidson. Curled leaves of tender peach shoot 
caused by this insect. Berkeley, Cal., June 7, 1916. 


causes severe curling of the leaves. Campus, July 3, 1916—only 
a very few were to be found at this date. (See Rk. howardu 
Wilson). 

Myzus cerasi (Fab.) (fig. 19). A shiny black aphis with long 
cornicles, occurring in large dense colonies on the shoots and 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 335 


young fruit of cherries and forming large curled pseudogalls on 
the former. Very common in this district and often the cause of 
much worry to orchardists. Collected at Berkeley, California, 
April 25 and August 21, 1916. Disappears soon after the last 
date. 

Myzus circumflecum (Buckton). This is a very pretty yellow 
or pale green and black species which is a common greenhouse 
pest infesting maidenhair, asparagus and holly ferns and a great 
many other plants already listed by other writers. During the 
past year the species was taken on the tender shoots of the Cali- 
fornia laurel or pepperwood, Umbellularia californica Nutt., 
campus, April 16, 1916, on the flower heads of Pentstemon specta- 
bilis Thurb., campus, March 29, 1916, and on the lower leaves of 
both of the show hlies, Liliwm elegans grandiflorum and L. 
speciosum rubrum growing in a lath-house at Oakland, Califor- 
nia, July 25, 1916. 

Myzus fragaefolia Cockerell. A small pale yellow aphid in- 
festing the undersides of the leaves of the cultivated strawberry 
and at times causing considerable smutting of the foliage. Taken 
at Niles, California, June 16, 1916. 

Myzus varians Davidson (fig. 20). A pale yellow or green 
and black species somewhat resembling Rhopalosiphum persicae 
(Sulzer) which occurs in large colonies on the host plants and 
often causes much smutting of the foliage. Taken throughout 
the spring and summer on clematis, Clematis brachiata Thurb., 
on the campus and appear to reach their maximum development 
when collected, June 9th to the 29th, 1916. It was also taken 
July 7, 1916, at Berkeley infesting the terminal shoots of peach, 
causing the leaves to curl and become reddened much as if in- 
fected with peach curl. Within the pseudogalls thus formed were 
great numbers of the aphids; one or two trees were severely 
injured by the attacks. 

Pentalona nigronervosa Coquerel. A very interesting small 
black species greatly resembling Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis. 
Specimens were received from Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn, who collected 
it on ferns at Honolulu, H. T., in March, 1916. This insect does 
not occur in California, but might be introduced or may have 
been, and could be easily mistaken for the other species which it 
resembles. It has previously only been reported on banana. 

Hyalopterus arundims (Fab.) (fig. 21). An average sized, 
pale green and black species with the bodies usually covered with 


336 University of California Publications [ENTOMOLOGY 


quite thick whitish pulverulence and occurring in dense colonies 
on the leaves of the young growth of prune and plum trees. It 
was also taken in considerable numbers on apricot trees at Niles, 
California, July 11, 1916. The Japanese varieties of plums 
appear to be immune to their attacks as was exemplified last year 
at Martinez, California, where a few prune trees growing in a 
thrifty young orchard of Burbank plums were very seriously 
attacked, while not a single infestation could be found on any 
of the plum trees. It is also of interest to know that the cracking, 
usually a cross, at the ends of prunes in the Santa Clara Valley 





Fig. 21. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fab.) Prunes showing the character- 
istic splitting at the ends as a result of the presence of this insect on 
the foliage. Morgan Hill, Cal., July 14, 1916. (Original.) 


has been definitely found to be due to the attacks of this insect, 
according to Horticultural Commissioner Earl Morris, and the 
annual loss occasioned is sometimes considerable. 

Aphis albipes Oestlund (fig. 22). The apterous viviparous 
females are dark with whitish pulverulence arranged in definite 
patterns on the back as shown in the illustration. The apterous 
forms (fundatrix) were taken on the shoots of the snow berry, 
Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx., on the campus, March 25, 
1916. Great numbers of both winged and apterous viviparous 
females were taken from the terminal shoots of the same plant 
on May 15, 1916. The leaves are often curled in dense irregular 
masses and form splendid protection for the insects. The species 
was determined by John J. Davis. 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California Bot 


Aphis avenae Fab. A small dark green species abundant on 
corn, grain and grasses on the campus. Collected March, 1916. 

Aphis bakert Cowen. A small pale yellow or pinkish and 
black species taken sparingly on the flower heads and at the 
bases of the leaves of red clover, Trifolium pratense Linn., 





Fig. 22. Aphis albipes Oestlund. Apterous females on the leaf of snow 
berry, Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Campus, Mareh 29, 1916. 
(Original. Photo by Div. Sci. Illust., Univ. Calif.) 


campus, June 29, and July 25, 1916. Not abundant here at any 
season. 

Aphis brassicae Linn. (fig. 23). A pale green species covered 
with whitish pulverulence and feeding in compact colonies on the 
common cruciferous plants of the state. Especially injurious to 
cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, mustard, radish, 
turnips, ete. Present throughout the year. 


338 University of California Publications [ENToMoLocy 


Aphis cardw Linn. (fig. 24). A fairly large green and black, 
shiny aphid. The apterous fundatrix occurred in small colonies 
on the tips of tender plum suckers on the campus, April 10, 15, 
24, 25,1916. It is very common throughout the summer in great 
colonies entirely covering all parts of the bull thistle, Cirsiwm 
lanceolatum Linn. 

Aphis ceanothi Clark (syn. A. ceanothi-hirsuti Essig). <A 
small dull reddish and black species which becomes very abundant 





Fic, 23. Aphis brassicae Linn. A winter colony on the leaf of brussels 
sprouts. Berkeley, Cal., Nov. 6, 1916. (Original. Photo by Div. Sci. 
Illust., Univ. Calif.) . 


on various species of Ceanothus throughout the state. Taken at 
Berkeley and on the campus infesting Ceanothus thrysiflorus 
Esch. and soapbush, Noltea africana Reichb., June 2, 1916. Also 
very common on soapbush in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California, May 25, 1916. 

Aphis gossypui Glover. A small dark green or black aphid 
usually feeding in dense colonies. Abundant on the creek milk- 
weed, Asclepias speciosa Torr., and a few on cascara sagrada, 
Rhamnus purshiana DC., on the campus, July 3 and 5, 1916. 
Also taken on show lily, Lilium speciosum rubrum, Oakland, 


VoL. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 339 


California, July 5, 1916; on woolly milkweed, Asclepias vestita 
H. & A., Visalia, California, July 19, 1916, by W. P. Baird, and 
on honeysuckle, Lonicera, sp., and catalpa, Catalpa, sp., at St. 
Helena, California, June 18, 1916, by C. W. Woodworth. 

Aphis herderae Kalt.? A small dull black species occurring 
in compact colonies on English ivy, Hedera helix Linn., and a 
number of other plants is certainly not Aphis rumicis Linn., so 
is provisionally listed as this species. Abundant at Berkeley, 
California, and collected June 2, 1916. 

Aphis helianthi Monell is a pale or dark green species with 
black markings on the winged form and occurs abundantly on 
the undersides of the leaves of the common and wild ‘sunflower, 





Fic. 24. Aphis cardui Linn. Apterous viviparous females taken from 
plum tree, Campus, April 10, 1916. (Original. Photo by Div. Sci. Ilust., 
Univ. Calif.) 


Helianthus annuus Linn. Unrecorded specimens first taken by 
the writer at Pomona, California, in 1909. 

Aphis heraclet Cowen.’° A medium dark species with greenish 
or reddish mottlings on the dorsum. Occurs abundantly on the 
old yellow leaves of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & 
Levier in the botanical garden on the campus, June 9, 1916. 

Aphis malifoliae Fitch (syn. Aphis sorbi Kalt. for here). <A 
common rosy and black species also slightly covered with a 
whitish pulverulence. Occurs on the young fruit and curls the 
leaves of apple. Often a serious orchard pest. Collected at 
Berkeley, California, April 28, 1916, by E. L. Prizer. 

107 am indebted to Mr. John J. Davis for the determination of this 


species and for the information that the specific name is also preoccupied 
by Aphis heraclei Koch, thus necessitating a new name for the above. 


340 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGyY 


Aphis maidis Fitch. A small dark green aphid received from 
Bend, California, July 6, 1916, seriously infesting milo maize. 
The common species on corn throughout the state, however, is 
Aphis avenae Fab. 

Aphis medicaginis Koch (fig. 25). The adults are shiny black 
with conspicuous whitish legs. Specimens were taken by the 
writer at Moorpark, California, August 11, 1911, where they were 
doing great damage to the foliage and pods of the blackeye bean, 





Fic. 25. Aphis medicaginis Koch. Nymphs and adults on lemon leaf. 
Sacramento, Cal., 1913. (Original.) 


Vigna catjang Walpers. It was also taken on the leaves of 
lemon, Capitol Park, Sacramento, California, July, 1913. 

Aphis middleton Thos. <A pale green and pulverulent species 
first taken on the roots of rough pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexrus 
Linn., and the roots of asters, Santa Paula, California, October 
20019 Ll 

Aphis neru Fonse.. A pretty dark yellow and black species 
common on the oleander during most of the year and also on 
milkweed during the summer. On the campus it attacks oleander 
and is specially abundant during the summer months on the 


Vou. 1] Essig. —Aphididae of California 341 


ereek milkweed, Asclepias speciosa Torr. At Niles an oleander 
tree was seriously infested July 28, 1916. It was also taken on 
woolly milkweed, A. vestita H. & A., at Visalia, California, July 
27, 1916, by W. P. Baird. This is without doubt the common 
milkweed species described by Montell as Aphis lutescens and 
oceurs generally throughout the state. 

Aphis oenotherae Oestlund. A small dark green, somewhat 
pulverulent species occurring in large numbers among the buds 
and on the flower heads of the evening primrose. Taken on 
Oenothera biennis Linn. on the campus, June 7, 1916, and on 
the common evening primrose, O. grandiflora Ait., and on Epi- 
lobium adenocaulon occidentale Trelease in Golden Gate Park, 
San Francisco, California, May 25, 1916. 

Aphis persicae-niger Smith. A small shiny black species often. 
abundant on the tender shoots of peach trees. During the past 
few years it has been received from a number of localities as 
follows: Peach, Berkeley, California, April 29, 1915; peach, 
Dinuba, California, April 30, 1915; peach, Yuba City, California, 
March 25, 1916 (H. P. Stabler) ; peach, Fresno, California, May 
10, 1916; peach, Ventura, California, July 17, 1916 (S. H. 
Essig). In the latter case the infestation was severe and much 
of the fruit was also infested. This insect, though distributed 
throughout much of the state, has never become a serious orchard 
pest and only abundant on rare occasions. 

Aphis pomi DeGeer. This small green and black aphid is a 
serious pest to a number of valuable ornamental trees in this 
section, notably the English hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha 
Linn. At Berkeley it has also been taken on the following: 
Crataegus spp., laurestinus, Viburnum tinus Linn., tarata, Pittos- 
porum eugemoides A. Cunn., tawhiwhi, P. tenwifolium Gaertn., 
Cotoneaster franchetu Bois., apple and pear, as well as a number 
of other undetermined plants. The foliage is covered with 
honey-dew and soon collects dust or becomes covered with the 
black smut fungus so as to assume a most undesirable appearance. 

Aphis rumucis Linn. A dull black species occurring in dense 
colonies and generally confused with another species which I 
am calling Aphis hederae Kalt. What, according to Davis, 
is true A. rumicis has been taken at Berkeley, California, on the 
Western dock, Rumex occidentalis Wats, April 138, 1916, and on 
other species of Rwmex and on the common garden poppy, 
Papaver, sp., June 15, 1916: 


342 University of*California Publications [ENToMoLoeyY 


Aphis salicicola (Thomas). A pale green species with bright 
orange-colored males. Very abundant on the tender tips of the 
arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth., Rutherford, California, 
June 21, 1916. The species occurred on the same plant through- 
out the summer and fall at Berkeley and on September 20, 1916, 
the sexual males and females were also abundant and mating 
freely. 

Aphis sambucifoliae Fitch. The winged and apterous vivi- 
parous females are dull black while the sexuparae are amber or 
dull brownish. The former occur throughout the summer on 
the blue elderberry, Sambucus glauca Nutt. The sexuparae were 
taken in few numbers on the leaves of the red elderberry, S. 
racemosa callicarpa Jepson, on the campus, September 21, 1916. 

Myzaphis abietina (Walker). A very small dark green aphid 
common on the smaller branches of the Norway spruce, Picea 
excelsa Link, in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, 
May 25, 1916. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Kalt.). A small dark green species often 
very abundant on the leaves of roses and usually the most serious 
rose pest, causing severe smutting of the foliage. Taken at 
Berkeley, California, June 16, 1916, and throughout the summer 
and fall. 

Siphocoryne capreae (Fab.). The apterous forms are pale 
green and the winged forms pale green and black. Common here 
on willows, including the arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth., 
campus, June 13, 1916. Also abundant on the wild or sweet anise, 
Carum kelloggu Gray, at St. Helena, California, June 18, 1916 
(C. W. Woodworth) and at Berkeley, California, June 20, 1916. 
It is the commonest aphid attacking the latter. 

Siphocoryne xylostet Schrank. <A dull green species often 
with thin coating of whitish pulverulence. Common on the tender 
shoots of the honeysuckle, Lonicera, spp. Taken at Berkeley, 
California, July 20, 1916, by Miss A. Williamson. 

Tiosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.) A small yellow or pale green 
aphid often very abundant on various species of the barberry 
and causing considerable smutting. Taken on Berberis vulgaris 
Linn., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, June 5, 
1916; on Berberis, sp., campus, June 7, 1916, and on B. vulgaris 
Linn., Niles, California, September 30, 1916. 

Cerataphis latanie (Boisduval) (fig. 26). This is a very 
interesting plant louse and more often taken for a scale insect or 


Vor. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of Califorma 343 


the immature form of a white fly than for an aphid. The young 
apterous viviparous females are dark or pale brown and when 
mature acquire a white fringe around the margin as shown in 
the illustration (fig. 26). The winged forms are dull brownish 
or blackish in color. The species occurs in greenhouses through- 





Fig. 26. Cerataphis lataniae (Boisduval). Apterous viviparous females 
on leaf of orchid. Oakland, Cal., July 25, 1916. (Original.) 


out this district and sometimes becomes a pest to orchids. Taken 
on orchids, Oakland, California, July 25, 1916. 

Pemphigus populitransversus Riley (figs. 27 and 28). The 
fundatrix is pale amber or yellowish with tufts of white cottony 
material arranged in rows on the dorsum. The virgogeniae are 
black with more or less cottony material at the posterior end of 


344 University of California Publications [ENTomoLoey 





Fig. 27. Pemphigus populitransversus Riley. Galls formed on the leaf 
petioles of poplar. Berkeley, Cal., Aug. 17, 1916. (Original.) 





« 


Fic. 28. Pemphigus populitransversus Riley. Stem-mother or funda- 
trix, and virgogeniae. Campus, Aug. 17, 1916. (Original.) 


Vou. 1] Essig.—Aphididae of California 345 


the abdomen. Forms large galls on the leaf petioles, near the 
leaves, of poplar. Campus, August 15, 1916. 

Eriosoma, sp.? (fig. 29). An undetermined species designated 
by the common term Wilson’s bonnet gall-louse, by Patch. 


© 





Fic. 29. Eriosoma, sp. Large pseudogall produced on the leaf of 
English elm, Ulmus campestris Smith. Berkeley, Cal., July 8, 1916. 
(Original.) 





Fie. 30. Eriosoma lanigera (Hausm.) Colony of the woolly apple aphis 
on apple. (Author’s illust., Ben. & Inj. Ins. Cal.) 


346 University of California Publications [ENToMoLoGY 


The winged forms are dark and often very numerous in large 
pseudogalls on the leaves of the English elm, Ulmus campestris 
Smith, at Berkeley, California, July 8, and Hayward, California, 
July 14, 1916. 

Eriosoma lanigera (Hausm.) (fig. 30). A dull reddish species 
with the bodies entirely covered with long white woolly material 
giving rise to the common name woolly aphis. A very common 
species throughout the state on apple and rarely on pears. 
Sexuparae begin to appear the last of September on the campus, 
but so far I have not succeeded in taking the sexuales. 

Chermes cooleyi Gillette. A very small pinkish or dark, 
nearly globular plant louse occurring on the needles of various 
conifers and usually covered with white cottony material and 
appearing as small white specks on the trees. Sometimes very 
abundant and injurious. Taken on the campus on Monterey 
pine and other conifers, March 29, 1916. 


Transmitted January 8, 1917. 


man eh 
ays" elie 


i 
» 


% ‘JP 
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Vol. 1, No. 8, pp. 347-367 March 28, 1918 





NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ENCYR- 
TINAE FROM CALIFORNIA PARASITIC 
IN MEALYBUGS (HYMENOPTERA) 


139% 


P. H. TIMBERLAKE 


Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Experiment Station 


The material which forms the basis of this paper has been 
assembled during the last three or four years, mainly through 
the efforts of Mr. C. P. Clausen while engaged in a study of 
Pseudococcus and related genera in California. In all, three new 
genera and six new species are described, the types of which will 
be deposited ultimately in the United States National Museum. 
Notes ‘on two foreign or introduced species under Tanaomastix 
are included to complete the generic conception. 


Tribe MIRINI 
Acerophagus! Emily Smith 


Of the three species included in the material two are new and 
all belong to the A. texanus group, the five species of which now 
known may be separated as follows: 


FEMALES 


Pe vVineeewitvontad conspicuous cross! Dand! ui -2..0.05 14.8 2 
Wings with a smoky band across the disk ............ A. fasciipennis, n. sp. 

2. Frontovertex about one-third to three-fourths longer than wide .......... 3 
Frontovertex about twice as long as wide, the ocelli in an angle of 

SU AUT eats SM Zee be OE ORS eae nes Ratan A. notativentris (Girault) 


1 For a recent revision of this genus see Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, 
pp. 574-79. The antennal club of A. texanus (Howard), represented as 
solid in figure 52, plate 31 (loc. cit.), in reality is composed of three closely 
fused joints except in the male. 


348 University of California Publications. [ENTomMoLoey 


3. Ocelli small, the posterior pair their own diameter from eye-margin, 
COLOTALLONY PAle - <o2scccenpsptetcecp seg tcRe tee cerned lee nss a snes teen ee 4 
Ocelli large, the posterior pair close to eye-margin, coloration vivid 
OTAN OLY CUO We 22g eet oe varerrge ea eee ea nape ee A. texanus (Howard) 

4, Frontovertex about three-fourths longer than wide, the ocelli in a right 
angle, coloration chrome lemon yellow ...................... A. pallidus, n. sp. 
Frontovertex wider, about one-half longer than wide, the ocelli in 
slightly more than a right angle, coloration pale cadmium yellow 

MEL TAs Pps Siete My ye 0 ae wt a) A. gutierreziae Timberlake 


MALES 
1. Wings’ hyaline throughout 222.2... 0 2 2 
Wings with a smoky band across the disk ............ A. fasciipennis, n. sp. 
2. Coloration pale yellow, the abdomen usually more vivid than thorax ........ 3 


Coloration orange yellow, the abdomen concolorous .................---:-:10-+0----+- 
Pine ete Oh Olin ORE Mr chy iiayD  oh I ee iad png Bb ae oe A. texanus (Howard) 

3. Abdomen without a dark blotch behind the vibrissae ..............2.....22....---- 4 
Abdomen with a conspicuous blackish brown blotch behind the vibrissae 
Leone tos eee aes dhe Se eee eS, ee ne eee A. notativentris (Girault) 

4. Thorax and abdomen pale cadmium yellow......A. gutierreziae Timberlake 
Thorax gamboge yellow, the abdomen more orange yellow especially at 
apex and with two dusky transverse bands across the middle .......... 

Jubbvter chest Robe Coe MIA Noe ce ge la ce eo er A. pallidus, n. sp. 


Acerophagus fasciipennis, n. sp. 
FEMALE 


Frontovertex about one-half longer than wide; the ocelli in 
a right-angled triangle, the median one situated considerably 
nearer the occipital margin than in A. gutierreziae, or very no- 
ticeably behind the center of the frontovertex, the posterior pair 
less than their own diameter from the eye-margin and about twice 
as far removed from the occipital margin; eyes not pubescent ; 
antennae practically as in the other species of the group, except 
that the scape and club are proportionately considerably shorter 
(see table of measurements below) ; wings nearly uniformly cili- 
ated, the speculum? extremely narrow above or practically ob- 
literated, abruptly widening below and connecting with a branch 
of the hairless streak on the posterior margin; ovipositor slightly 
longer than in A. gutierreziae, or about two-fifths the length of 
abdomen, its sheaths pubescent. Length, exclusive of ovipositor, 
0.75 mm. 

Coloration a little paler than in A. gutierreziae or more of a 
clay yellow, the underparts still paler, but the abdomen decidedly 
brighter or more orange yellow; appendages concolorous with 


2 The term adopted here is one used by Thomson for the oblique hair- 
less streak. 


Vou. 1] Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 349 


underparts, the antennae except club, however, a little deeper 
yellow than legs; the ovipositor black at apex; wings with a 
conspicuous tegumentary smoky band across the disk, its distal 
margin opposite the end of the stigmal vein and shghtly convex, 
the basal fourth of wing with a brown dot on lower margin at 
the very base; hind wings also slightly smoky across the middle. 


MALE 


Frontovertex about one-third longer than wide, the anterior 
ocellus at the center; otherwise structurally about as in female. 
The coloration slightly paler, more of a chrome lemon yellow, the 
abdomen orange yellow, and the wings banded as in the female. 
Length, 0.8 mm. 

Described from one female, one male (type and allotype) 
reared from early larval stages of Pseudococcus craww (Coquil- 
lett), Uplands, California, November, 1914 (C. P. Clausen), 
Clausen no. 53. 


Acerophagus notativentris (Girault) 
Fig. 1 
Pseudaphycus notativentris Girault, Descrip. Hym. Chaleid. variorum 
eum Observ., vol. 3, p. 10, Glendale, Md., May, 1917. 
FEMALE 

Frontovertex nearly twice as long as wide, finely granulose 
about as in A. teranus and minutely punctulate; ocelli forming 
an angle of about 85°, the anterior one a little behind the center 


‘ite. 





Fig. 1. Acerophagus notativentris: A, antenna of female; B, right 
mandible of female, exterio-dorsal view; C, same, anterior view. 


300 University of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


of the frontovertex, the posterior pair about their own diameter 
from the occipital margin and less than half as far from the eye- 
margin ; face considerably shorter than length of eyes, the serobes 
as in the other species; eyes with a rather thick, but fine, short 
pubescence ; funicle joints of antennae (fig. 1, A) proportionately 
a little wider for their length than in other species; dorsal tooth 
of mandible (fig. 1, B and C) much smaller and more basal than 
usually; wings uniformly ciliated, the speculum narrow, not 
interrupted and reaching nearly to the posterior margin; ovi- 
positor protruded about one-fourth the length of abdomen, its 
sheaths pubescent. Length, 0.5-0.8 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Coloration about cadmium yellow, the face, cheeks, and under- 
parts a little paler; a transverse spot on concealed part of 
pronotum blackish ; the metanotum, but not propodeum, slightly 
brownish ; a spot on sides of abdomen before the vibrissal plates, 
the vibrissal plates and the margin of the segments in the center 
of the dorsum of abdomen brown; antennae dusky yellowish, 
the seape somewhat purer yellow, the club more whitish; coxae 
and femora yellowish white, the tibiae and tarsi more yellowish 
with apex of last tarsal joint dusky; exserted portion of ovi- 
positor dusky; wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish; pubes- 
eence of head and thorax dusky. 


MALE 


Similar to the female in all characters; the frontovertex a 
trifle wider, the ocelli more nearly in a right angle; the abdomen 
a little shorter than thorax instead of as long. Coloration some- 
what brighter or more of a chrome lemon yellow, the face and 
underparts more vivid, and the dorsum of abdomen behind the 
vibrissal plates blackish brown except the sides. Length, 0.42- 
0.6 mm. 

Redeseribed from thirteen females, nine males, reared Octo- 
ber, 1914, and during the summer of 1915, from a Pseudococcus 
species on grape, Fresno, California (H. 8. Smith), California 
State Insectary no. 675, also compared with Girault’s types. 


Acerophagus pallidus, n. sp. 
Fig. 2 
FEMALE 
Frontovertex about three-fourths longer than wide, about as 


closely granulose as in A. texanus or almost punctulate; ocelli 
in a right-angled triangle, the anterior one noticeably behind the 


Vou. 1} Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 351 
center of the frontovertex, the posterior pair nearly their own 
diameter from eye-margin and twice as far removed from occip- 
ital margin; face a little shorter than length of eyes, the head 
being a little thinner anteroposteriorly. than in texanus or 
gutrerreziae, the scrobes about the same; eyes with a very fine, 
short, sparse pubescence; antennae (fig. 2, A) about as in other 
species of the texanus group, the pedicel, however, proportion- 
ately longer and slenderer, or a little longer than the first four 
funicle joints combined; mandibles (fig. 2, B and C) normal; 
wings uniformly ciliated, the speculum somewhat wider below 
and nearly connecting with the hairless streak on the posterior 
margin; ovipositor about one-third the length of abdomen, its 
sheaths pubescent. Length, 0.9 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 
Coloration almost uniformly pale yellow, about chrome lemon, 
the appendages concolorous, with apex of ovipositor black ; wings 
hyaline, the veins pale yellowish; pubescence on head and body 
about as abundant as in the other species of the group, but not 
conspicuous except on face, where it is whitish or silvery. 


MALE 


Similar to the female, but the following differences may be 
noted: Frontovertex slightly wider or about one-half longer 
than wide, the ocelli in a shghtly acute or almost equilateral 
triangle. Coloration the same, except that the dorsum of the 
abdomen at apex is orange yellow, separated from the paler base 
by a narrow, transversely arcuate dusky band between the 
vibrissae. Length, 0.7 mm. 

Described from two females, two males (type, allotype and 
paratypes a and b) reared from Pseudococcus yerbasantae Essig, 
May 12, 1915, Sespe Canon, California (C. P. Clausen), Clausen 
no, 67. 


TABLE OF FEMALE ANTENNAL MEASUREMENTS (LENGTH X WIDTH) OF 
ACEROPHAGUS IN MICRONS 


Scape 


Club 


excluding Pedicel Funicle Funicle Funicle Funicle Funicle 
radicle 1 2 3 4 5 
A, fasciipennis 141x380 60x20 15x16 12x19 12x20 16x23 20x28 105x38 
A, pallidus 180x386 82x25 18x18 18x20 18x20 18x25 24x30 129x54 
A. gulierreziae hee OEY UP pda i A ae SAS pa Rape ee de a aS ae 
A. notativentris 157x38 67x30 12x20 12x23 15x28 20x33 23x38 136x61 
A. texanus 159x386 64x28 15x23 18x25 20x28 20x31 20x38 136x59 


B52 University of California Publications. [ENToMoLoGY 


Stemmatosteres,* n. gen. 
FEMALE 


Head very thin anteroposteriorly, a little wider than thorax, 
the greater portion of frontovertex and face lying in one plane, 
which is very slightly convex; seen from in front, the outline is 
rounded, the occipital margin appearing truncate, the length 
and width about equal; in lateral view (fig. 3, B) the outline is 
narrowly and irregularly oval, the greatest thickness just below 
the eyes; in dorsal view (with head held vertically) only the 
vertex visible, sloping gently backward to the occipital margin, 
which is abruptly rounded, not sharp, its outline now appearing 
concave; occiput with a rather shallow, semicircular excavation 
on the dorsal half into which the prothorax fits, the neck being 





Fig. 2. <Acerophagus pallidus: A, antenna of female; B, right mandible 
of male, exterio-dorsal view; C, same, anterior view. 


inserted near the dorsal margin of the excavation, so that the 
head may be held either vertically or horizontally, the former 
position apparently being the normal or resting position in life; 
frontovertex considerably wider than long, the ocelli absent, the 
eyes small, oval, coarsely faceted; face abruptly rounded off to 
the oral margin from just above the antennal sockets, the scrobes 
entirely absent; cheeks a little longer than length of the eyes; 
antennae (fig. 8, C) inserted rather far apart and close to the 


3 From oreuparoorepns, deprived of stemmata, in reference to the lack 
of ocelli. 


Vou. 1] Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 353 


oral margin, a little less than half as long as body, distinctly 
clavate; the scape slender, compressed ; pedicel as long as the 
first three funicle joints; the funicle five-jointed, all joints short, 
increasingly transverse, the fifth nearly twice as wide as long; 
club large, oval, not much wider than the last funicle joint and 
as long as funicle and pedicel combined, composed of two joints, 
the basal one being much shorter; mandibles (fig. 3, E) with 
three long, acute teeth, the ventral one far more basal, the upper 
two at the apex, with the middle one slightly longer. Thorax 
small, the visible portion of dorsum hardly more than one-half 
as long as abdomen; pronotum very large, fully as long as the 
mesoscutum and scutellum combined ; mesoscutum very short and 
transverse, about four times wider than long; scutellum also short 
and transverse, a little longer than the scutum, the axillae coa- 
lesced with it, the sutures not at all visible unless insect is 
mounted in balsam; metathorax and propodeum concealed by 
the base of the abdomen, which overlaps the posterior part of 
the thorax so that the apex of the first abdominal segment and 
the posterior margin of the mesopleura lie in the same vertical 
plane; wings either absent or vestigial, the front pair visible in 
some specimens as minute, linear scales, no longer than the scu- 
tellum, bearing two bristles at apex and one on the side, hind 
pair of wings apparently entirely absent; legs short, normal, the 
middle tibial spur slender, tapering, a little shorter than the first 
tarsal joint, hind tibiae with two spurs, the smaller one half as 
long as the other. Abdomen large, oval, depressed, the first seg- 
ment shortest, the second longest; ovipositor shortly protruded, 
otherwise enclosed by the fifth sternite, which reaches to the apex 
of the abdomen but does not become at all compressed ; vibrissal 
plates situated at the apical fourth, the vibrissae reaching about 
to the apex. Surface of head and body nearly smooth, or very 
finely alutaceous, the frontovertex with extremely minute, shal- 
low, scattered setiferous punctures; pubescence short, very 
delicate, pale colored, and hardly visible except under high 
magnification ; coloration yellow, non-metallic, but with a pearly 
luster. 


MALE 


Much like the female, except that the abdomen is consider- 
ably shorter and wider, the antennal seape (fig. 3, D) a little 
wider and the club considerably longer and solid. 


354 University of California Publications. | ENTOMOLOGY 


TYPE OF GENUS 
Stemmatosteres apterus, n. sp. 


This genus is anomalous in the absence of ocelli, in the struc- 
ture of the antennal club, the reduction and peculiar configura- 
tion of the thoracic sclerites and the overlapping of the abdomen 
upon the posterior part of the thorax. The wings are probably 
never fully developed on account of the reduction of the mesono- 
tum. The genus appears to be most closely allied to Acerophagus 
Smith. 

Stemmatosteres apterus, n. sp. 
Fig. 3 
FEMALE 

Head and body chrome lemon yellow, the dorsal surface of 
the head with a pearly luster (in life) which reappears to a less 
degree on other parts of the body; antennae dusky yellowish, 
purer yellow at the base of the scape; legs concolorous with body, 
dusky only at tip of the last joint of the tarsi; a linear mark on 
each side of pronotum at the neck, and the exserted portion of 
the ovipositor sheaths blackish; the vibrissal plates brown. 





Fig. 3. Stemmatosteres apterus: A, female, dorsal view; B, lateral 
view of head, female; C, antenna of female; D, antenna of male; E, right 
mandible of female, ventral view. 


Vou. 1] Timberlake.—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 355 


Length, 0.5-0.6 mm. with head held vertically, 0.6-0.7 mm. with 
head extended horizontally, exclusive of ovipositor. 


MALE 


Colored like the female, except that the yellow is decidedly 
more of a chrome orange tint especially on the abdomen. Length, 
0.4—0.46 mm. with the head vertical, 0.49-0.55 mm. with head 
horizontal. 

Described from eight females, two males (type, allotype and 
paratypes a to h) reared from Pseudococcus tumberlaket Cock- 
erell, November 1-3, 1915, Millbrae (in salt marsh), California 
(P. H. Timberlake), Salt Lake Laboratory no. 1830 A. 


Pseudococcobius Timberlake 


This genus recently characterized (Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 50, p. 563, May, 1916) appears on further study of the geno- 
type and the additional species described below much more closely 
allied to Aphycus than was at first supposed, and the discovery 
of a few more species might well bridge the relatively slight gap 
between the two groups. The species belonging here are prob- 
ably all parasitic in mealybugs, and the differences separating 
them from Aphycus appear to be an adaptation to their soft- 
bodied hosts. The abdominal character used in my recent paper 
on Aphycus to separate the two groups proves to be unreliable, 
as I have discovered since that the fifth sternite often reaches 
to the apex of the abdomen even in Aphycus, although there is 
no marked tendency towards compression of the abdomen as seen 
in Pseudococcobius. The mandibles, however, so far as they 
have been studied carefully, always have acute teeth in Pseudo- 
coccobius and blunt teeth in Aphycus, but otherwise do not differ 
much. The antennal club of P. terryi is not actually solid, as 
stated in my paper, but composed of three closely fused joints, 
as a study of fresh material proves, although it seems nearly 
if not quite impossible to distinguish them under ordinary cir- 
cumstances. 

Aphycus oxacae Howard belongs in the Pseudococcobius 
group, aS a reéxamination of the type discloses the fact that the 
mandibular teeth are acute. This species is similar to P. fum- 
pennis, described below, in type of coloration but is quite distinct. 

Pseudococcobius ehrhormi is not congeneric with terry, as 
the mandibles are distinctly bidentate and considerably more 
narrowed toward the apex. The antennae also are considerably 


356 Unversity of California Publications. [ENTOMOLOGY 


different. It is one of the apparently rather numerous forms 
that make a gradual transition between the more typical members 
of the Ectromatini and Mirini. The accession of fresh material 
of ehrhornt permits a better understanding of its structural 
pecularities, and it is consequently elevated to generic rank. 


Pseudococcobius fumipennis, n. sp. 
Fig. 4 
FEMALE 


Head as seen from in front hardly wider than long, not so 
thick anteroposteriorly as in P. terryi; frontovertex about one- 
half longer than wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the pos- 
terior pair about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye- 
margin, the median one at the center of the frontovertex; eyes 
large, not pubescent, in outline nearly circular except for the 
dorsal orbits being parallel; cheeks moderately long, or about 
four-fifths as long as the diameter of the eyes; antennal scrobes 
moderately deep, meeting above in an acute angle; mandibles 
(fig. 4, B and C) with the teeth acute and nearly equal. An- 


Re 


Fig. 4. Pseudococcobius fumipennis: A, antenna of female; B, right 
mandible of male, exterio-dorsal view; C, same, anterior view. 





tennal scape (fig. 4, A) flattened and expanded below, nearly 
one-half as wide as long; pedicel about as long as the first three 
funicle joints combined; the funicle increasing gradually in 
width so that the sixth joint is a trifle more than one-half wider 
than the first, the first three, and especially the second, shorter 
than the last three joints, all increasingly wider than long; club 
large, oval, rounded at apex, a little longer than the last three 
funicle joints combined, and after collapsing one-third as wide 
again as the last funicle joint. Wings thickly ciliated, the cilia 


Vou. 1] Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 357 


a little weaker at apex; speculum narrow, reaching two-thirds 
of the distance to the posterior border of wings and well separ- 
ated from a cut-off portion which is equally distant from the 
posterior wing-margin; bristles on the submarginal vein a little 
more developed than in terryi, but still weak. Length, 0.9- 
1.2 mm. 

Lower part of face and cheeks, almost the entire upperparts 
of the body, and the venter of abdomen dull black, the latter 
with a small white spot on each side near margin at the base; 
frontovertex very pale ochraceous brown, narrowly margined on 
all four sides and narrowly striped down the middle or at least 
in the ocellar region with brownish black; upper portion of face 
and cheeks creamy white to flesh tinted, the pale area on face 
divided into two transverse bands by a blackish band of about 
the same width which stretches between the lower corners of the 
eyes; on the cheeks the pale area barely touches the lower corners 
of the eyes and is separated from the eye-margin posteriorly by 
a triangular blackish area continued forward as a narrow line 
and cutting across the lower corners of the eyes to unite with 
the black facial band; occiput pale ochraceous brown; collar of 
pronotum narrowly whitish with a blackish dot on each corner; 
tegulae pale brownish at the center and on the posterior margin, 
whitish on the anterior and lateral margins; underparts of thorax 
dull brownish black with the anterior corners of the mesopleura, 
and the prepectal plates whitish. Antennae brownish black, 
with an oval spot on dorsal, apical corner of scape, and the apical 
half of pedicel, with the last two funicle joints white, the club 
slightly paler at apex. Legs dull brownish black variegated with 
white as follows: apical portion of all coxae, the trochanters, 
the dorsal margin of front femora with apex and a small spot 
on ventral margin near apex; base and apex of middle and hind 
femora and a narrow band near apex of each, on the middle pair 
connecting on lower margin with the apical area; base of all 
tibiae and two narrow cross bands on each, less distinet on front 
pair; all the tarsi except last joint on front and middle pair and 
last two joints on hind pair, and the tibial spur white. Fore 
wings conspicuously smoky, due to integumentary pigmentation, 
gradually becoming clearer toward the apex and the base, with 
a small clear spot at the apex of the submarginal vein and a. 
more deeply stained area at the juncture of the marginal and 
stigmal veins; hind wings hyaline. 


308 University of California Publications. [ENToMoLocyY 


MALE 


Entirely similar to the female in structural and colorational 
characters, except that the last two funicle joints are brownish 
instead of white. Length, 1.2 mm. 

Described from two females and two males (type, allotype, 
and paratypes a and 0) reared from Pseudococcus solani (Cock- 
erell), Uplands, California, June, 1914 (C. P. Clausen), Clausen 
no. 23. 


Pseudococcobius clauseni, n. sp. 
Fig. 5 


MALE 


Head rather thin anteroposteriorly, as seen from in front 
about one-fifth wider than long; frontovertex about twice as long . 
as wide, the dorsal orbits of eyes parallel; ocelli in an acute- 
angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their own 
diameter from the eye-margin, and twice their own diameter 
from the occipital margin; eyes large, about one-fifth longer 





Fig. 5. Pseudococcobius clauseni: A, antenna of male; B, right man- 
dible of male, exterio-dorsal view; C, same, anterior view. 


than wide, thinly pubescent with short pile; cheeks as long 
as the width of the eyes; face with a moderately developed 
prominence between the antennae, the scrobes rather shallow, 
‘narrow and meeting above; mandibles (fig. 5, B and C) rather 
wide at apex with three sharp, nearly equal teeth, which are 
longer than in P. fumipenns. Antennal scape (fig. 5, A) flat- 
tened, moderately expanded below, about one-third as wide as 


Vou. 1] Timberlake.—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 359 


long; pedicel a little longer than the first four funicle joints 
combined ; funicle increasing in width distad so that the sixth 
joint is over one-half wider than the first; the first four joints 
short, the first two a trifle longer than the third and fourth, . 
each except the first about twice as wide as long, the last two 
joints nearly twice as long as the preceding, yet still wider than 
long; club solid, no wider than the funicle, a little longer than 
the preceding five joints combined, and obliquely rounded at the 
apex dorsoventrad ; first five funicle joints with comparatively 
long and coarse pile, the sixth joint and club with a much thicker, 
finer and shorter pubescence. Wings with a narrow, curved 
cross band of weaker, paler cilia at the end of the stigmal vein; 
speculum very narrow but uniform, not quite reaching the stig- 
mal vein nor more than two-thirds of the distance to the posterior 
margin; bristles on submarginal vein well developed. Abdomen 
about two-thirds as long as the thorax, triangular in outline, 
depressed, the base cordate. Length, 0.8 mm. 

The frontovertex and upperpart of face to lower margin of 
eyes pale clay yellow, more cadmium yellow next to the orbits 
and dusky or brownish on vertex behind the ocelli; occiput, 
cheeks and lower part of face blackish brown, a paler brown, 
' transverse spot above antenna; thorax and abdomen dull black 
with a slight brownish tint; the pleura more brownish, with 
most of the propleura, the prepectal plates and the anterior 
margin of the mesopleura dusky whitish; collar of pronotum 
whitish with a brown dot on each corner; tegulae blackish brown 
with anterior and exterior margin whitish. Antenna black, with 
the sixth funicle joint and the club white. Anterior legs pale 
brownish with most of the trochanter, the basal, inner, ventral 
margin and band close to the apex of the femora, the base and 
apex of tibiae and the tarsi yellowish white, the first and last 
two tarsal joints, however, dusky ; middle trochanters and femora 
dusky white with a brownish streak on the under side of the 
latter, the tibiae whitish with base and apex narrowly blackish 
and with two brownish black annuli near their middle, the tarsi 
and tibial spur dusky yellowish, the last tarsal joint darker ; 
hind legs similar to the front pair except that the tibiae have 
an additional, narrow white annulus at their middle, and the 
femora have their upper, inner margin whitish. Basal half of 
wings deeply smoky to the end of the stigmal view, with the 
apical margin of the area convex, and separated by a rather 
narrow, curved pale band from the slightly dusky apex of the 


360 University of California Publications. |ENToMoLoGY 


disk, the basal area being integumentarily stained although 
strengthened by the dense, dark colored ciliation, the apical dusky 
area, however, entirely ciliary in origin. Pubescence of head and 
body whitish and conspicuous on the dark parts. 

Deseribed from one male reared from an Hrium species on 
eactus, Riverside, California, October, 1914 (C. P. Clausen), 
Clausen no. 10. 


Cirrhencyrtus,* n. gen. 


FEMALE 


Head moderately thick anteroposteriorly, the dorsal surface 
convex, passing over into face by a rather abrupt curve, the 
frontovertex moderately wide, the ocelli in a right-angled tri- 
angle, the posterior pair close to the eye-margin and much farther 
removed from the occipital border; seen from in front, the head 
is about as wide as long, the cheeks a little longer than width of 
eyes and converging toward the broadly truncated oral margin ; 
seen from the side, the head is subtriangular in outline; occiput 
uniformly but not deeply coneave, the neck inserted at the center ; 





a 


Fig. 6. Cirrhencyritus ehrhorni: A, antenna of female; B, antenna of 
male; C, left mandible of female, exterio-dorsal view; D, same, anterior 
view. 


4From Kw pds, tawny yellow, and Hncyrtus. 


Vou.1] Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 361 


eyes moderate in size, oval, one-third longer than wide, slightly 
pubescent; mandibles (fig. 6, C and D) narrowed toward apex 
with two nearly equal, blunt or rounded teeth, of which the 
dorsal is more apical; antennal scape (fig. 6, A) eylindrieal, 
modérately long, reaching considerably beyond plane of front, 
pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints; funicle six-jointed, 
increasing slightly in width distad, all joints short, transverse ; 
club large, oval, somewhat longer than the funicle, in life hardly 
wider than funicle, but after death collapsing so that it is much 
wider, its sutures plainly visible, the last joint longest with a 
rounded area of softer tissue at its apex. Thorax of normal 
structure, the pronotum arched, the mesoscutum transverse, the 
axillae meeting medially, the scutellum flat, triangular with apex 
slightly rounded, its sides abruptly declivous; wings large, uni- 
formly ciliated, with oblique hairless streak or speculum; mar- 
ginal vein punctiform, stigmal moderately long, its apex triang- 
ularly enlarged, postmarginal nearly as long as the stigmal, but 
rapidly tapering and becoming transparent, bristles on submar- 
ginal vein reduced ; costal cell of hind wing narrowed distad but 
extending to the hooklets; legs longer and slenderer than nor- 
mally, especially the middle pair, the middle tibial spur moder- 
ately long and slender, shorter than the first tarsal joint. Ab- 
domen rather subquadrate in shape, its sides nearly parallel, the 
apex subtruneate ; excluding the ovipositor, which is slender and 
prominently protruded, its length is about equal to two-thirds 
of the thorax; the venter not at all compressed, the fifth sternite 
reaching to the apex. Sculpture alutaceous, the frontovertex 
more coarsely so; vestiture moderately abundant, dark colored 
on the thorax; coloration flavous, the coilar of pronotum, tegulae 
and appendages concolorous. 


MALE 


Very similar to the female, but the frontovertex is wider, the 
ocelli larger, the antennae (fig. 6, B) a little shorter with slightly 
longer, thicker pubescence, the club solid and slenderer, the post- 
marginal vein considerably shorter, and the abdomen more ovate. 


362 University of California Publications. |ENToMoLocy 


TYPE OF GENUS 
Pseudococcobius ehrhorni Timberlake 


Cirrhencyrtus ehrhorni (Timberlake) 
Pseudococcobius ehrhorni Timberlake, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, 
p. 564, 1916. 
Fig. 6 


The male hitherto unknown differs from the female as follows: 
Frontovertex about one-fourth longer than wide; antennae a 
little smaller, more pubescent, the club obliquely acuminate on 
the upper side. Coloration the same, except that the black dots 
on venter at apex are absent, the metapostnotum and the ab- 
domen above at center blackish brown, and the antennae pale 
brownish with base of scape alone yellowish., Length, 1.1 mm. 

One male and female reared from Pseudococcus ryan (Co- 
quillett) Berkeley, California, August 20, 1914 (C. P. Clausen), 
Clausen no. 21. 


Tribe ECTROMATINI 


Tanaomastix,’ n. gen. 
FEMALE 


Head as wide as thorax, submenisciform, thin anteroposte- 
riorly, the face to a slight degree inflexed; seen from in front, 
subeireular in outline with cheeks converging toward mouth at 
nearly a right angle, about as wide as long; seen from the side, 
in outline subtriangular, the facial side longer than the dorsal 
side, the latter being convexly rounded; occiput coneave, the 
neck inserted near the center, the oecipito-vertical margin acute ; 
frontovertex rather broad, as wide as long, the ocelli in a right 
angle, the posterior pair farther removed from eye-margin than 
from the occipital margin; eyes large, broadly oval, a little wider 
on lower half, the dorsal orbits nearly parallel, posteriorly reach- 
ing to the occipital border; face reaching considerably upward 
between the eyes, a little longer than wide, the scrobes distinet 
but not deep, converging above but not meeting, separated by 
a very slightly arched ridge, which is hardly visible in side view 
of head; cheeks. short and narrow, hardly longer than one-half 
the width of the eyes; mandibles normal for tribe, long and 
narrow with two acute teeth; antennae (fig. 7, B) inserted close 


5 From ravaés, tapering, long, and 4 udorié, whip, in reference to the 
antennae. 


Vou. 1] Timberlake—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 363 


to a line drawn between the lower corners of the eyes, about 
equidistantly from each other as from eyes and clypeal margin, 
in form long and slender as in Leptomastix (Forster) Mayr, the 
scape flattened but hardly expanded, the pedicel about equal to 
the first funicle joint, the funicle filiform; all the joints much 
longer than thick, not increasing in width distad, the club after 
collapsing a little thicker than the funicle and a little longer 
than the last two joints combined. Thorax short and thick, the 
dorsum but slightly convex; pronotum short, arcuate; mesoscu- 
tum about twice as wide as the median length; axillae lying in 
same plane with scutellum, meeting or nearly meeting medially ; 
scutellum flat, abruptly declivous at the sides, the apex rounded ; 
metanotum and propodeum both short, almost divided medially, 
the side pieces triangular, the propodeum also very abruptly 





Fig. 7. Tanaomastix: A, female antenna of T. claripennis; B, same of 
T. abnormis. 


deflexed and overlapped by the abdomen; legs long and slender, 
the middle tibiae noticeably longer than their femora, the spur 
a little shorter than the first tarsal joint, which is almost as long 
as the following four combined, hind tibia with one small apical 
spur; wings narrow, elongate, the costal cell very narrow, mar- 
ginal cilia short, marginal vein about three times as long as thick, 
the stigmal slightly longer, straight and enlarged at apex, the 
post-marginal considerably longer than the stigmal; hind wings 


364 University of California Publications. [ENToMoLoGY 


linear, the costal cell extremely narrow or evanescent, the vein but 
slightly bent. Abdomen as seen from above acutely triangular 
in outline; the dorsum deeply concave, the venter strongly com- 
pressed ; the ovipositor entirely enclosed within the fifth sternite 
which reaches to the apex; the vibrissal plates situated at the 
base and withdrawn within the dorsal concavity. 

Seulpture entirely alutaceous, the frontovertex much more 
coarsely so or closely granulose, pubescence on head scanty and 
very fine, on mesonotum more evident and arising from micro- 
scopic punctures. Coloration non-metallic. 


MALE 


Not differing noticeably from the female except in the struc- 
ture of the antennae, which are somewhat longer, the scape about 
the same, the pedicel much shorter than the first funicle joint 
or hardly longer than thick, the funicle joints all elongate, slen- 
der, incised at each end above except at base of first joint, each 
clothed with rather long erect hairs arranged in three whorls, 
the apical whorl somewhat incomplete on lower side, club solid, 
no thicker than the funicle, and about one-half longer than the 
preceding joint; the abdomen also does not become sunken in, 
and the dorsum is more coarsely sculptured than in the female. 


TYPE OF GENUS 
Paraleptomastix abnormis Girault 


The two other species so far known show but little deviation 
from the above description based entirely on P. abnormis, the 
chief differences residing in the shape of the head, and the length 
of the middle tibial spur in comparison with the first tarsal joint 
as brought out in the following descriptions and notes. 

The genus is most closely related to Leptomastix (Forster) 
Mayr, which differs in having the head menisciform, the face not 
at all inflexed, the scrobes meeting above and separated by a 
strongly arched ridge prominently visible in side view of head; 
the antennae inserted higher up or between lower corners of 
eyes; the pedicel not over one-half as long as the first funicle 
joint ; the funicle clothed with stiff bristle-like hairs in the female, 
and with longer hair in the male arranged in three whorls on 
basal three joints and in two whorls on apical three; the club in | 
male with a fringe of short bristles on lower margin of basal 
half; thorax more convex; wings wider and the postmarginal 


VoL. 1] Timberlake-—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 365 


variable, in P. histrio and P. dactylopw not longer than stigmal, 
but in an undescribed species considerably longer. (The above 
characters based mainly on L. dactylopi Howard.) 

Paraleptomastix Girault does not seem to be so closely re- 
lated, as it is a large, robust form of different sculpture and 
metallic coloration ; the head menisciform, the scrobes very short 
(no facial ridge mentioned by Girault), the antennae slenderly 
clavate, the funicle joints becoming shorter and thicker distad, 
the sixth being a little wider than long, the pedicel less than half 
as long as the first funicle joint; wings probably much wider 
than in Tanaomastix, as the costal cell is wide; stigmal vein 
eurved, longer than the marginal; the hind legs compressed, the 
femora narrowly exfoliate. 

The species of Tanaomastix are parasitic in mealybugs of the 
genus Pseudococcus so far as known. In life the wings are held 
semivertically erect over the back, at least in abnormis, a habit 
quite unique among the Encyrtinae. 


Tanaomastix claripennis, n. sp. 
Pigs 75 A 
FEMALE 

Head wider than in 7. abnormis, the frontovertex about one- 
fourth wider than long and coarsely alutaceous or granulose ; 
ocelli large, in an obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from the occipital margin and fully twice 
as far from the eye-margin; eyes about one-fifth longer than 
wide, with a fine, sparse pubescence; cheeks about as long as the 
width of eyes; face as wide as long, the antennal scrobes narrow, 
rather deep and not uniting above, the facial ridge hardly ele- 
vated. Antennae (fig. 7, A) noticeably less slender than in 
abnormas ; the seape somewhat expanded below, its greatest width 
just distad of the middle a little more than one-fourth the length 
exclusive of the radicle; pedicel as long as the first funicle joint ; 
funicle joints about equal, all about twice as long as wide; club 
hardly wider than funicle, as long as the two preceding joints 
and one-half of the next combined, its three joints subequal, the 
apex pointed. Wings considerably wider than in abnormis, uni- 
formly ciliated; the speculum wide, not quite reaching stigmal 
vein nor more than three-fifths of the distance to the posterior 
margin. Legs as in abnormis, except that the middle tibial spur 
and the first tarsal joint are each considerably shorter than the 
last four tarsal joints combined. Length, 1.0 mm. 


366 University of California Publications. |ENToMoLoGY 


Frontovertex orange yellow, with the occipital margin dusky ; 
face, cheeks and sides of head yellowish white, the cheeks shghtly 
dusky on the sides; the face with a narrow, dark brown band on 
each side connecting the lower corner of the eye with the base 
of the antenna; occiput dilute blackish brown; the notum of 
thorax and apical half of abdomen above and below brownish 
black, the lateral margin of mesoscutum and the axillae pale 
orange yellow, the metanotum, propodeum, metapleura and basal 
half of the dorsum of abdomen pale brown; underparts of thorax 
otherwise yellowish white, and most of the basal half of the venter 
dusky white. Antennae dark brown, the scape with a white 
triangular spot on the outer and inner surface beginning almost 
at the base, not quite reaching the dorsal margin but reaching 
to the middle on the ventral margin, with a narrow, oblique, 
curved band running from the dorsal margin a trifle beyond the 
middle to the ventral margin just before the apex. Legs yellow- 
ish white, the middle coxae dark brown, the fore and hind tibiae 
on dorsal margin, all femora on dorsal margin at apex, and the 
fore and hind tarsi, pale brownish or dusky, the middle tibiae 
and tarsi very dilute brownish yellow with the first tarsal joint 
and the spur whitish. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. Pubes- 
cence of thorax pale brown and inconspicuous. 

Described from two females (type and paratype) reared from 
Pseudococcus ryani (Coquillett), Pasadena, California (C. P. 
Clausen), Clausen no. 56. 


Tanaomastix abnormis (Girault) 
Pigs7, B 

Leptomastiz sp. Viereck, Monthly Bulletin, Cal. State Comm. Hort., 
vol. 4, p. 208, fig. 36-38, April, 1915. 

Paraleptomastiz abnormis Girault, Entomologist, vol. 48, p. 184, 
August, 1915. 

Paraleptomastiz abnormis H. 8. Smith, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, 
p. 262-68, figs. 9-13, pls. 13-14, April 21, 1917. 

As compared with 7. claripennis this species has the fronto- 
vertex no wider than long, the face longer than wide, with the 
facial ridge more elevated, the antennae (fig. 7, B) much slen- 
derer, each funicle joint being about three times longer than 
thick, and the middle tibial spur considerably longer. It has 
about the same coloration, excepting the following points: the 
frontovertex paler orange yellow, the face without dark marks, 
the notum of thorax varying from dark to pale brown, the base 


Vou. 1] Timberlake.—New Genera and Species of Encyrtinae 367 


of the abdomen more whitish, the legs paler, the scape of the 
antenna except the dorsal margin and the apex of the pedicel 
white, and the wings conspicuously trifasciate, the bands due 
both to integumentary pigment and to the ciliation. 

A female reared from a Pseudococcus on Citrus (not Pseudo- 
coccus citrt Risso), Okitsu, Japan, July, 1914 (Kuwana), Cali- 
fornia State Insectary no. 783, is entirely similar ‘to specimens 
from Sicily, except that the blackish streak on the dorsal margin 
of the scape does not quite reach the apex. This species has 
been introduced into southern California from Sicily to help 
reduce the citrus mealybug (Pseuwdococcus citri Risso), and, ac- 
cording to the latest reports, has become established. 


Tanaomastix albiclavata ( (eitaoesh 


Aphycus albiclavatus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, p. 404, 
1905. 


This species as compared with 7’. abnormis has a thicker, nar- 
rower head, with the frontovertex nearly twice longer than the 
posterior width, the dorsal orbits of eyes slightly converging be- 
hind, the ocelli in an acute angle, the posterior pair close to the 
eye-margin, the scape subexpanded below, the scutellum more 
acute at apex, and the spur of the middle tibiae fully one-half 
as long as the tarsi. 

The above notes are based on one female from the Philippine 
Islands (undoubtedly from the vicinity of Manila), reared from 
a Pseudococcus species, and received from the California State 
Insectary. It agrees with Ashmead’s type specimen, which is a 
female, and not a male, as stated in the original description. 


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ft ; UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS — (Continued) 


- Vol. 2. 4, ‘Studies in Juglans I, Study of a New Form of Juglans Californica 
‘ | - Watson, by Ernest B. Babcock. Pp. 1-46, PAs 1-12, December, 
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id 2. “Studies. in. Tuglans IT. | Further Observations. on a New Variety of 
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a ie 
Wikio i &E : 
moka Se Ae ah a ge ore gore 4. 
tine - *' Rt £ eal So ee n 
* * S m ime aa Noe 
< & > ted > ete a 
; 5 Yi ER > geting 
a. ee 
Y ox 


A SYNOPSIS OF THE APHIDIDAE. 
: OF CALIFORNIA — | 


BY 


~ ALBERT F. SWAIN 


§ & see 
Pa as bY as 
Me A Ps 
ae ® An 
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AS TSC ry 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
BERKELEY 


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Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-221, plates 1-17 November 1, 1919 


A SYNOPSIS OF THE APHIDIDAE OF 
CALIFORNIA* ree 


: ‘ £.. j j a 
BY ~ Os Te i iF eZ! 
ALBERT F. SWAIN 0 i> 4 ii Ps 
U/ Sia. ik 


CONTENTS f 01S. 
PAGE 
CL SUDA TERRI TE Nhe BEE ic a 6 Ses PNR ent neal 6 Ser iss. Sa eRe neh eee Le adh Se aan Oe Ca 2 
(SLOT oR ray Si SU OO Aes A a RR kes Uo Pee ea 4 
© PGES STOMP MEW Cg Dey URS ASUS ris Rie i esse Sa ea Ne ane ape or ok ee a 5 
OO LESSS “cose anes, yy. eS A SSE EI CEE Ds SS ORE Pe RE REE 8 
eer EMCO OU MaE ACO ee, 0, Se ar ee eee eA el 9 
UTES cade, Ul ae A gal ad AE ot We Bohne ie EE RL On et ORES | ee 10 
CES URES LRN ONG F226 5 00 aR ge Si tare nna ap CES ra nO 10 
Sk LETC yc 9 U0 YR i TRA nc dF RO Rie 11 
CEYYe) Ver US ONIN | def car 0S GRP aR tee Sema eg APE ico ce eH ERR Ee ay UR Lee 12 
Ura TAT 7 POS 0G Di iy aati Ue, a ER BERS Ne eos eae EE 2 oer aa 12 
PEN ECAR ELL LET LIL Lo iek. cult pia cat Seb soutecc dist oo lt Mcadierek posse ces veteats Sisac es She 16 
SUD, CARS Mela] a) eevee bai hae ties uk ote OAS ist dea be i oy Aiete Sa Re ter ent een 32 
PLETE IN EON SUNT M an AeA ERA gen a cE ERSTE ARTO GOR RRTS Sam 39 
epee OM LO r OCOTIIVINTIG Ey oe rn cytes in he ee tet 39 
AUST VECO Ty ge SoA edie ERM 2 BAM ies Faby Shean pn ree EMR 43 
OSGI 50 Siege ye] obo WILE? Rae k Dhaiwe ae a Rie RU pete Soe A does ee Ve ok Ea ee RN aa eR 52 
PRT GEARS DUULILE ioe = Corea ett sei cet rh soh ee the td ce som 52 
ISPS Mee TLC LEIA et ec ale a tree at eee <a UE Seg ate Aes og cen 87 
LOLS Ws Oe ae ESE cGy TF Deg ba Es ga ace ne en eRe RN ME 3 Ceeieat paced eta aun SUL 138 
ESAT GTP TS NGS GEG Ol CEG ARETE, BRISA SS WRN ABAD T afer) OMS Pete, ER Gee Aces a? Sea OS emma 139 
Ge: Alerts of Teh g hh Leo” a A seein Rok ss Mee Pore een te Cee eee Ives 140 
EGOTE SUPRA Cop ag 20 | per ibe ine eke Crt hop EY Reger SoS. Reena” SD ee 147 
NOaSSREGO) CLE: (COTTE UTD et sos eit Ie eeat aaah nee ae ncn teerelane fe, a eee ca eee a 150 
SEE Tu Teg TEAMS UGS oy art OR ee AE Pe SM eT Rn 3 OO Orgs eae ae ea 151 
EER H Ge) LOUIPETE COS Ep 8 COW og A RENT SPM RIE eg Peed a a dM a 151 
LC oeD SY PU ANOS Cor bi 2s 2 8 PRS a Mee cere aoe Ueno op eae ane 5 2 Mii ts cee ot 152 


* Paper no. 51, University of California, Graduate School of Tropical Agricul- 
ture and Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. Manuscript submitted 
for publication May 20, 1918. 


2 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


PAGE 

“Appendix 1. Keys to the genera and tribes of Aphididae; a translation from 
Pi Var ery, GOO b.2ieynss Recess ctasitns pace tac hotemesatit ene ote nee 154 
Appendix 2.) Host plant: ligt ooo oe Oe et pe eee 159 
ACACIA ooo cis secesonastereeawent canter ce he ese icp cheats aay nae ete oe aCe ROE eee 178 
Explanation: of - plates 262 ee 180 
Index to. genéra and species . 022 ye er 215 


INTRODUCTION 


In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the 
Aphididae in the United States, and in Europe as well, and a large 
amount of literature is the result. In California, W. T. Clarke was the 
first to make any systematic studies of these insects and his paper, 
published in 1903, embodies the results of these studies. He listed 
forty-three species, ten of which were described as new. Two or 
three of his new species are known at present, but the remainder are 
unknown. Unfortunately his collection was destroyed in the earth- 
quake of April, 1906, so now it is practically impossible to determine 
his new species with any degree of accuracy. Following this, there 
was a period of six years in which there were no publications con- 
cerning the Aphididae of California, except some economic bulletins 
from the Experiment Station. In 1909, both E. O. Essig and W. M. 
Davidson published the results of their earlier studies. Since then 
both have added papers occasionally. During 1912 and shortly before, 
Harold Morrison made an extensive study of the species in the vicinity 
of Stanford University. He has kindly placed a report of his studies 
in the author’s hands, with permission to publish the records in this 
paper. The author has been studying the Californian species con- 
tinuously since 1914. 

At present there are about one hundred and eighty species known 
to oeeur in California. This number will undoubtedly be greatly 
increased as further studies are made, since to date only a ‘compara- 
tively small part of the state has been covered by collectors. Very 
extensive collections have been made in Ventura County and in the 
vicinity of Pomona College, Los Angeles County, by Essig. The San 
Francisco Bay region, particularly in the vicinity of the University 
of California and Stanford University, has been carefully surveyed 
for aphids, collections having been made by Clarke, Davidson, Essig, 
Morrison, Ferris, and the author. Davidson, Clarke, and Essig have 
made a few observations in the Sacramento Valley, particularly in 
Placer and Sacramento counties. The author made a number of 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 3 


observations in the vicinity of Fresno during May and June, 1915, and 
more or less extensive observations and collections during 1916 and 
1917 in San Diego, Riverside, Orange, Los Angeles, and San Bernar- 
dino counties. In addition to these, reports come to the College of 
Agriculture occasionally from the State Insectary and the various 
county horticultural commissioners. A summary of the above state- 
ments shows that extensive collecting has been done only in the 
territory adjacent to San Francisco Bay, and throughout southern 
California. The whole northern half of the state, the great interior 
valleys of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, and the desert 
sections of the southeastern part of the state are as yet unexplored. 
Undoubtedly many interesting species will be found in these parts. 

The author wishes to express his appreciation of the aid rendered 
by various people during the past three years of study. To Harold 
Morrison of the Federal Board of Horticulture is due especial thanks 
for his assistance during the early part of the author’s study, for his 
collection notes, and for the use of his extensive collections of Stanford 
University vicinity and Indiana; to E. O. Essig of the University of 
California for his continuous advice and assistance, for the use of 
his large collections of Californian species, and for the reading of 
this manuscript; to W. M. Davidson of the Bureau of Entomology, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, for his many notes and deter- 
minations and for the use of his collection; to A. C. Baker, J. J. 
Davis, C. P. Gillette, A. S. Maxson, E. M. Patch, and H. F. Wilson 
for their many determinations and suggestions; to R. W. Doane of 
Stanford University for the permission to work over his collection 
of Utah aphids and for permitting his students to use the keys included 
in this paper, thereby finding the weak points in the keys; and finally 
to G. F. Ferris of Stanford University for collections and advice. 

In this paper the author has brought together all the present 
records of California Aphididae. He has included keys for the 
determination of the subfamilies, groups, genera, and species, together 
with such illustrations as are necessary for an understanding of the 
keys. The discussion of each species includes a biblography of the 
California literature (exclusive of the merely economic and popular), 
together with a citation of the original description and the _ best 
available description, a list of host plants and localities, and a dis- 
cussion of the synonomy, life history, and habits so far as they are 
known. The descriptions of certain species are not readily accessible 
and of others not at all adequate. Such species have been redescribed 


4 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


by the author in so far as it was possible.to obtain specimens. Inci- 
dentally it may be stated that the author has personally collected by 
far the larger number of the species recorded in this paper. In other 
cases the fact is noted. A host plant index (appendix 2) is also 
included. 

The system of classification followed is the one most generally 
accepted by American aphidologists at the present time. The keys 
to the species have been formulated by the author, those to the genera 
and higher groups have to a large extent been adapted from other 
workers, particularly Wilson and Essig (Aphidinae), Borner (Phyl- 
loxerinae), and Tullgren (Pemphiginae). The papers of Baker, 
Clarke, Davidson, Davis, Essig, Gillette, Oestlund, Patch, Pergande, 
Williams, Wilson, and other American aphidologists have been found 
invaluable. Of the works of the European aphidologists, those of 
Borner, Buckton, Del Guercio, Koch, Mordwilko, Tullgren, and Van 
der Goot have been in constant use. The classification suggested by 
Van der Goot (‘‘Zur Systematik der Aphiden,’’ in Tijdschrift voor 
Entomologie, vol. 56, p. 1913) has proved interesting, and although 
the author has not felt at liberty to accept it in full, a translation of 
his keys to the groups and genera has been included herewith (appen- 
dix 1), which, it is hoped, will be of assistance in the making of 
determinations. 


CLASSIFICATION 


The Aphididae belong to the order Homoptera, being closely 
related to the Psyllidae, or jumping plant lee, the Aleyrodidae, or 
white flies, and the Coccidae, or scale insects. The Aphididae, or 
plant lice, are small, soft-bodied insects, ranging from less than one 
to five or six millimeters in length. Typically there are four forms: 
the apterous and the alate viviparous females, and the sexual forms, 
the oviparous females and the males. There is considerable variation 
from the above in different groups and species, as will be pointed 
out under the discussions of the various species. The alate viviparous 
females are the individuals most commonly taken by the collector and 
the ones that usually show the best characters for determinations. 
In the keys in this paper all characters refer to the alate viviparous 
females (the alates) unless otherwise mentioned. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 5 


EXTERNAL ANATOMY 


The body? consists typically of three divisions, the head, thorax, 
and abdomen. In the apterous forms the mesothorax and metathorax 
are closely fused with the abdomen, while the prothorax and head 
are distinct. In the alate forms the mesothorax and metathorax are 
fused together and appear as a distinct division, the body appearing 
to consist of four divisions, viz., the head, the prothorax, the meso- 
thorax and metathorax, and the abdomen. 

The head bears a pair of compound eyes, usually three ocelli, a 
pair of three to six jointed antennae, and the beak. Of these, the 
antennae show the best characters for determinations, not only of 
species but of higher groups. They are either mounted on distinct 
tubercles (Macrosiphini, certain Callipterini) or appear to arise from 
the front of the head. They consist of from three to six segments, 
the terminal one of which is usually provided with a projection or 
spur. They are six-segmented in the Aphidinae (except Essigella and 
Cerosipha), five- or six-segmented in the Pemphiginae (except in the 
stem mothers of certain genera), and three-segmented in the Phyl- 
loxerinae (except in Chermisina, in which the alate forms have five- 
segmented and the sexual forms four-segmented antennae). The 
spur of the terminal segment may be equal to or longer than the 
seoment. (Aphidinae, in the Macrosiphini it attains its greatest length, 
often being as much as ten times the length of the base) ; it may be 
merely a short thumblike process (Pemphiginae, Lachnini, and cer- 
tain Callipterini) ; or it may be apparently lacking (Phylloxerinae). 
The two basal segments are always short, and quite regular in all 
species. The remaining segments show the greatest diversity, par- 
ticularly in number, size, and shape. Sensoria are always present on 
some of the segments. There is one primary sensorium always present 
at the distal end of the terminal segment, and when the antennae con- 
sist of more than three segments, one also at the distal end of the 
penultimate segment. These sensoria are fairly large and clear (some- 
times furnished with a hairy fringe) and are more or less circular. 
The accessory sensoria are a group of small indistinct sensoria, which 
number from three to six, and which are located in close proximity 

1For a fuller diseussion, of the external characters consult the following 
papers: Vickerey, R. A., A comparative study of the external anatomy of plant 
lice, 12th Rept. Minnesota State Entomologist 1908; Sanborn, C. E., Kansas 
Aphididae, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 3, 1904; Mordwilko, Alexander, Keys to 


the groups and genera of the Aphididae, Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. 
Petersburg, vol. 13, pp. 362-364, 1908. 


6 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


to the primary sensorium on the terminal segment. Secondary sen- 
soria are usually present in the alate forms, but oftentimes absent 
in the apterae of certain species. When present they are always on 
the third segment, but in antennae consisting of five or six segments, 
they may be present upon the fourth, fifth, and even sixth segments. 
In the Pemphiginae they are arch-like or half rings, or form complete 
rings about the segments. In the Aphidinae they are cireular, oval, 
or transversely linear, but are never rings or half rings. The shape 
and number vary considerably, and are of specific importance. The 
number may vary from as few as three or four (Myzocallis maureri 
Swain), to as many as forty to fifty on the third segment, and many 
also on the fourth and fifth (Myzus braggw Gillette). Unfortunately 
these highly important characters were overlooked or not taken into 
consideration by the earlier workers. The beak is four-jointed and 
seems to arise from between the fore legs. It is always present (except | 
in the sexes of certain of the Phylloxerinae), but is seldom of specific 
importance (except to distinguish Aphis baker1 Cowen from Aphis 
senecio Swain, and in certain of the Lachini). It may be very short, 
as in Aphis baker. Cowen, where it reaches only slightly beyond the 
first coxa, or it may be very long as in Stomaphis, where it is from 
one and one-half to two times as long as the body. In leaf-feeding 
species it is usually short, while in bark-feeding forms it is longer. 
This is naturally necessary, for those that live on thick bark must have 
a longer beak in order to reach through to the plant juices. 

The thorax consists of three divisions, the last two of which are 
usually more or less fused together, and considered as one; the two 
divisions being called, in this paper, the prothorax and the thorax. 
On the lateral margins of the prothorax there is sometimes a pair of 
small tubercles. These are not present in all species, however, and 
they differ considerably in size in the various species. There are 
three pairs of fairly long and slender legs (except in Phylloxerinae. 
where the legs are greatly atrophied, approaching those of the 
Coccinae in size). Typically the legs consist of four joints, the 
coxa, the femora, the tibia, and the tarsus. In some genera the tarsi 
may be atrophied (Atarsos, Mastapoda). The comparative lengths 
of the first and second segment of the tarsi are sometimes of generic 
importance (Lachnini), and the comparative lengths of the hind tarsi 


and the cornicles are oftentimes of specific importance (Aphis, Ptero- 


conma). A small empodial hair is found between the claws in the 
Aphidinae. In the Callipterina it is leaf-shaped or spatula-like. In 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California T 


the Aphidina and Lachnina it is hair-like, usually being as long as the 
claws (except in the Pterocommini, in which it is considerably 
shorter than the claws). The wings are membraneous and hyaline 
(except in certain Callipterini, Lachnini, and Macrosiphini), and are 
held roof-like over the body when at rest (except Monellia, Phyllox- 
erinae, Hormaphidina, in which they lie flat on the abdomen). The 
veins of the fore wings are as follows: the costal and subcostal are 
almost parallel with the anterior margin; the radial extends from 
the posterior margin of the stigma to the outer margin of the wing, 
being either curved or straight; the discoidals, three in number, extend 
from the subcostal to the posterior margin of the wing. The outer 
or third discoidal (media, cubitus of some authors) may be simple 
(Hormaphidina, Pemphigina), absent (Phylloxerinae), once-branched 
(Schizoneurina), or twice-braneched (Aphidinae, except Toxoptera). 
On the anterior margin of the fore wing is a dusky spot located be- 
tween the wing margin and the subcostal veins, and between the 
distal ends of the costal and subcostal veins, known as the stigma or 
Pterostigma. It is usually trapezoidal in shape, and does not extend 
to the tip of the wing (except in Longistigma and Mindarus, in which 
it reaches well beyond the tip of the wing). The hind wings have 
one longitudinal and either one or two transverse veins.” In the 
Pemphiginae and Phylloxerinae dorsal wax glands are sometimes 
present on the thorax, in which case their number, shape, and posi- 
tion are of more or less specific importance. 

The abdomen consists of nine more or less similar segments. The 
coloration of the various segments, especially in species in which the 
color is variegated, is sometimes of specific importance. In certain 
species wax glands are present on the abdomen (Phylloxerinae, and 
particularly the stem mothers of Pemphiginae) and may be of use 
in making determinations. In the Aphidinae the presence or absence 
and location of small lateral and dorsal tubercles are often important. 
The anal segment consists of an anal plate and a cauda. The cauda 
may not be separated from the abdomen (Pemphiginae, Lachnina), or 
it may be short and conical (Aphidini), short and globular, being 
constricted in the middle (Callipterina), or it may be long and 
ensiform or sickle-shaped (Macrosiphini). The anal plate is usually 
well rounded, being half-moon-shaped, or it may be emarginate or 
bilobed (Callipterina). On the sixth (or fifth?) segment is a pair 

2 For a full discussion of the venation see Patch, Edith M., Homologies of the 


wing veins of the Aphididae, Psyllidae, Aleurodidae, and Coccidae, Ann. Entom. 
Soe. Am., vol. 2, pp. 101-136, June, 1909. 


8 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


of short tubular processes, the cornicles (honey tubes, nectaries of 
some authors). These are quite valuable characters, both specifie and 
generic. In the Phylloxerinae and most of the Pemphiginae they are 
lacking, but in the Aphidinae they are always present, and show a 
great diversity of form. They may be merely pores (certain Callip- 
terini, Cerosipha cupresst Swain, Lachnus taxifolia Swain), they may 
be cylindrical, yet quite short (certain Callipterini, Chaitophorin1i) ; 
they may be short and cylindrical or conical (Aphidini) ; they may 
be truncate, cone-shape (Lachnini); they may be clavate and long 
(certain Callipterina, Pterocommini, Macrosiphini) ; or they may be 
long and cylindrical (particularly in Macrosiphum and Myzus). 


BIOLOGY 


Considerable variety is exhibited in the habits, life history, and 
methods of reproduction, as well as in the structure and body form. 
Reproduction is almost entirely parthenogenetic, although certain 
species at certain times have a sexual reproduction. Fewer species 
have sexual reproduction in California than in colder climates, due 
to the fact that mild weather throughout the winter permits them to 
live over, and hence the eggs are unnecessary. Many species produce 
generation after generation parthenogenetically, and are most abun- 
dant in the spring and early summer, but gradually disappear toward 
midsummer, due partially to their predaceous and parasitic enemies, 
and partially, undoubtedly, to the heat of the summer. Other species 
regularly produce sexual forms in the fall, which lay eggs that hatch 
the next spring. The forms hatching from the eggs are wingless 
(except in Callipterini) and usually of a different form from the 
later generations, and are known as the fundatrix or stem mother. 
The fundatrix is always viviparous. Her progeny consists either of 
all apterous or partly apterous and partly alate viviparous females 
(fundatrigenia), which in turn produce other generations of funda- 
trigeniae. The last asexual generation in the fall, which gives birth 
to the sexual forms (sexuales), are known as sexupara, and are usually 
alate. Oftentimes in the second or third and even fourth generation 
there is a definite migration from one species of host plant to another, — 
where the aphids live over the summer (virgogenia), the sexupara 
returning to the original species of host in the fall to give birth to 
the sexuales, which lay their eggs there. Aphis malifoliae Fitch rep- 
resents an example of this habit, the winter host being apple, the 
summer plantain. Oftentimes the fall migrants (sexupara) of certain 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 9 


species differ considerably in structure from the spring migrants 
(fundatrigenia). This is particularly noticeable in the Pemphiginae. 
Many species are confined throughout the season to one species of host, 
others to one or two or a few species, while still others may live on 
any of a number of hosts (Aphis senecio Swain, Rhopalosiphum per- 
sicae (Sulz.)). All sustenance is derived from the plant juices of 
the various hosts, but each species is usually confined more or less 
definately to feeding on some certain part of the plant. Some live 
entirely upon the leaves, some on the stems of the leaves and small 
twigs, some on the trunks and larger branches, some on the roots, 
some on the flower heads and racemes of the host, and still others 
feed on almost any part of the plant. The greater number of species 
are free living, but certain of the Aphidinae form pseudogalls (Aphis 
pom De Geer, Aphis malifoliae Fitch, Phyllaphis cowent (Cockerell) ), 
while the Pemphiginae and Chermisina form true galls. Nearly all of 
the Pemphigina spend at least part of the season on various species 
of Populus, the Schizoneurina on Ulmus, while the Lachnini and 
Chermisina are practically confined to the conifers. The Aphidinae 
are found mostly on deciduous trees and herbaceous plants, although 
some live on conifers (Myzaphis abietinus (Walker), Nectarosiphon 
morrisont Swain). 


ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 


From an economic standpoint most of the species are of no 
importance, although there are many that are well known pests of 
cultivated crops. For example the woolly apple aphis (Eriosoma 
lanigera) is a world-wide pest of considerable importance to the apple. 
The green and the rosy apple aphis (Aphis pom, A. malifoliae) do a 
large amount of injury in certain localities, and are extremely difficult 
to control. The rose aphis (Macrostphum rosae) is known the world 
over, and although living unprotected and easily killed with any of 
the common contact insecticides, it 1s recognized by everyone who has 
grown roses in the dooryard as an extremely troublesome pest. The 
walnut aphis (Chromaphis juglandicola), the cabbage aphis (Aphis 
brassicae), the green peach aphis or greenhouse aphis (Rhopalosiphum 
persicae) are alk well known pests. The common contact insecticides 
are usually efficient for their control. Many species are kept well 
in check by their predaceous and parasitic enemies, the ladybirds, the 
syrphid flies, the lacewings, and the braconids. Of the ladybirds, 
probably the most efficient in California are Coccinella californica 


10 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Mann., Hippodamia convergens Guerin, and Scymnus nebulosus Le- 
conte. Of the syrphid flies, those consuming the largest number of 
aphids and the most abundant in the state® are Catabomba pyrastri 
Osten-Sacken, Allograpta obliqua Say, Syrphus arcuatus Fallen, S. 
americanus Wied., 8. opinator Will., and Hupeodes volucris Osten- 
Sacken. Chrysopa californica Coq. and Sympherobius angustus Banks 
are the most important aphid enemies among the lacewings. Among 
the Braconidae there are two very common species in California, 
Lysiphlebus testacerpes Cresson and Diaretus rapae Curtiss. Others 
have been reared by the author and will be mentioned later. The 
author wishes to thank Dr. L. O. Howard and Mr. A. B. Gahan of 
the Bureau of Entomology for their kindness in identifying the 
various hymenopterous parasites of aphids sent to them. 


SYNOPSIS 


Family Aphididae Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. 


The family Aphididae Passerini is divided into three subfamilies 
(following Alexander Mordwilko), which are: Aphidinae Buckton, 
Pemphiginae Mordwilko, and Phylloxerinae Dreyfus. Van der Goot 
considers but two subfamilies: Aphidinae v. d. G. and Chermisinae 
v. d. G. His subfamily Aphidinae includes both the Aphidinae and 
Pemphiginae of Mordwilko, while his Chermisinae is the same as 
Mordwilko’s Phylloxerinae. Following is a translation of Van der 
Goot’s descriptions of the two subfamilies: 


Subfamily Aphidinae v. d. G.: Body very often without distinct groups of 
glands for the secretion of wax. Antennae usually six- or seven-jointed [when 
the terminal process of the sixth segment is longer than the segment he considers 
it as the seventh segment]. Only in a few cases are the apterous forms with 
three-segmented antennae. The primary sensoria usually have a distinct ‘‘haar- 
kranz’’ [hairy fringe?]. Cornicles almost always and cauda often present. Fore 
wings with four veins, the cubitus or media I very often divided: hind wings 
usually with two cross-veins. Vivi-oviparous: the sexuales mostly of the usual 
form. 

Subfamily Chermisinae v.d.G.: Body almost always with distinct groups of 
glands for the production of wax. Antennae three-segmented, often evidently five- 
segmented. Sensoria always without ‘‘haarkranz.’’ Cornicles always absent. 
Fore wings with three veins; hind wings with only one small vein. Always only 
Oviparous: sexuales dwarfish, with or without beak. 


3 Davidson, W. M., Syrphidae in California, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 9, pp. 454- 
457, 1916. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of Califorma 11 


The latter subfamily has been considered by the author as Phyllox- 
erinae Dreyfus; the former as two subfamilies, Aphidinae Buckton 
and Pemphiginae Mordwilko. Mordwilko gives the following char- 
acters for these two subfamilies: | 


Subfamily Pemphiginae Mordw.: Antennae of the alate forms five- or six- 
segmented, the third bearing a specifically definite number of transverse or arch- 
like sensoria; short, usually not longer than the head and thorax. The apterous 
parthenogenetic females have four- to six-segmented antennae, but these are 
sometimes reduced to three or even to two segments. The fore wings of the 
alate forms have four transverse veins, of which the third or cubital vein [third 
discoidal] is either simple or once-branched. The hind wings have one or two 
transverse veins. The cornicles are either entirely absent or very slightly devel- 
oped, and in the latter case may not be present in all the forms of one species. 

Subfamily Aphidinae Buckton: Antennae always six-segmented, except in the 
stem mother of some species, and in the genus Sipha Passerini. [This genus is 
not represented in California. In Essigella Del Guercio, Cerosipha Del Guercio, 
and Trifidaphis Del Guercio, three Californian genera described since the publi- 
eation of Mordwilko’s paper, the antennae are but five-segmented.] The last 
antennal segment often ends in a long thread-like filament which may be longer 
than the segment. Antennae with a long filament are mostly from half the 
length of the body to longer than the body. The antennal filament is character- 
istic only for this subfamily; some genera of the groups Lachnina and Callipterina 
have a very short filament, and the antennae are not longer than the head and 
thorax. The sensoria are small and are shaped lke dots, circles, or transverse 
holes, but never archlike or half-rings. Segment 3 bears the largest number, 
especially in the alate forms. The cubitus [third discoidal] of the fore wings is 
usually twice-branched although there are some exceptions, as Toxoptera Koch. 
Most species have long cylindrical cornicles which are often clavate in the middle. 
Sometimes they may be greatly reduced or poorly developed, and, as in Lachnina 
and Callipterina, they may be replaced by cupola-shaped elevations. A cauda 
is usually present, being conicle, ensiform, or globular, although in Lachnina it is 
not evident. The sexual forms have beaks, and become quite large. 


Subfamily Aphidinae Buckton 
Buckton, Mono, British Aphides, 1883. 


This subfamily is divided into three groups, following Carl Borner 
(Sorauer, Paul, Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, vol. 3, p. 664, 
1913). Borner considers the family Aphididae as a superfamily, and 
divides it into four families; so this subfamily Aphidinae he considers 
a family, and the various groups as subfamilies. Below is a trans- 
lation of his key: 


1. Claws with spatula-like or leaf-shaped empodial hairs (fig. 1). Cornicles vari- 
ously formed, bare. Pubescence of larvae as in Aphidina. The majority 
of the species live free and monophagous on trees, only seldom on herbaceous 
plants, and never migrate collectively -......-..--..------------+---+ Group Callipterina 

— Claws with simple empodial hairs (fig. 2), often hard to see -.............-------------- 2 


12 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


2. Antennae with short terminal joint (fig. 3), (except in Pterocommini, but then 
the cauda is not tail-like). Body ridges with more than six longitudinal 
rows of hairs. Hairy covering mostly thick. Cauda not lengthened tail-like, 
anal plate widely rounded (fig. 5). Wax glands either present or lacking. 
Mostly strongly monophagous forms, at times of remarkable size. Found 
mostly on tree growths and without change of hosts -......... Group Lachnina 

— Terminal joint of antennae always with a long, slender filamentous projection 
(fig. 4). Body ridges of young larvae at most with only six longitudinal 
rows of hairs, which may be increased after the first molt. Cauda either 
short or lengthened tail-like, anal plate widely rounded (fig. 6). Species 
monophagous or polyphagous, many with a change of host plants. On 
tree ory herbaceous: Prowse cc etesccr cee gees rete eee ee Group Aphidina 


Group Callipterina Mord 


(Subfamily Callipterinae Borner) 


Mordwilko, Ann. Imperial Acad. Sci., St. Petersb., 1908. 
Borner, in Sorauer, Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, vol. 3, p. 664, 1913. 
According to Borner this group consists of two tribes, the Phyl- 
laphidini and the Callipterini. He divides the Callipterini into two 
groups, the Callipterini and the Chaitophori. The author has followed 
him to a certain extent, but has given each of the last two groups equal 
rank with the Phyllaphidini, and thus considers this group, Callip- 
terina, aS consisting of three tribes. Below is a key to the same: 
1. Wax glands with faceted pore fields present. Antennae as in Lachnina 
(figs (139.9 -Pubescence, delicate... Coeds eee eee Tribe Phyllaphidini 


— Wax glands lacking or without faceted pore fields. Pubescence often very 
remarkable. Terminal joint of the antennae often lengthened into a bristle 


( fig. 30) ea ab seg te So cpaecte cance sa ego ee ie ete en eee 2 
2. Anal plate more or less emarginate or bilobed (fig. 7), except in Huceraphis 
KROGH sen cocoa Seance red aah Begs ee te Oc ge nee ce Tribe Callipterini 
— Anal plate widely truncate or rounded (fig. 8) -.--...........--- Tribe Chaitophorini 


Tribe Phillaphidini Borner 


Borner, in Sorauer, Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, vol. 3, p. 664, 1913. 


This tribe Phyllaphidini consists of but one genus, Phyllaphis 
Koch, which is represented in California by three species. | 


1. Genus Phyllaphis Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 248, 1857. Type Aphis fagi Linn. 
Key TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


1. Alate viviparous females unknown. Wing venation of alate males similar to 
that of Hriosoma spp. (fig. 17). Forming pseudogalls on edges of leaves 
or living free in masses of white flocculence on leaves of Quercus spp. 

quercicola Baker 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 13 


— Alate viviparous females common. Venation normal, the third discoidal being 


RWC ANCUCU AEN Obs Olle QUCTCUS oS Ps sect comc ce esterase sce dice tes each senor 2 

2. Antennae short, stout, with oval transverse sensoria (fig. 13). Forming galls 
on Arctostaphylos spp. (and Arbutus spp.) ..-..--.-------:-----+---- coweni (CkIl.) 

— Antennae longer and narrower with circular sensoria (figs. 9, 14-17). Living 
under thick masses of white flocculence on Fagus spp. ....---------- fagi (Linn.) 


1. Phyllaphis coweni (Ckll.) 
Figure 13 


Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. 37, pp. 391-392. 1905. Pemphigus (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 4, pp. 559, 1911. Cryptosiphum tahoense 
n.sp. (dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 404, 1912 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent. Zool., vol. 7, pp. 187-195, 1915 (desc.). 


Records.—Arctostaphylos manzanita; Oakville, Napa County, February, 1913 
(EH. L. Brannigan); Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County (Davidson); Jasper 
Ridge, Santa Clara County, October, 1914 (E. A. Cornwell); Pine Hills, San Diego 
County, June, 1916.4 A. pumella, A. tomentosa, Lake Tahoe, August, 1911 
(Davidson): A. glauca, Alpine, San Diego County, June, 1916. 

This species is found more or less abundantly throughout the state 
wherever its host plants occur. Essig (1915) states it is found 
throughout the Rocky, Sierra Nevada, and Coast Range mountains, 
being more abundant in the central and northern parts of the state. 
The author has found it to be extremely abundant in the Cuyamaca 
and Laguna mountains in the extreme southern part of the state. 
The insects can be found at any time of the year in the galls on 
manzanita although most abundantly in the early fall. Collections 
by the author in June showed that the stem mothers and young vir- 
gogeniae only were present. A few weeks later the alate females were 
abundant, while in August the sexuales begin to appear. However, 
the alate viviparous females have been found in October and in 
February. This species forms galls on the leaves, and flower and 
fruit stalks of its host. Usually there is but one gall to a leaf, 
although sometimes four or five may be found. When first formed 
these galls are concolorous with the leaves; but as they become older 
they turn more and more reddish in color, until when mature they are 
a very bright red. 

2. Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.) 
Figures 9 to 12 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 2, p. 735, 1735. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 
Records.—Fagus sp., Palo Alto, 1910 (Davidson); Fagus sylvatica, Stanford 
University, April to May, 1915. 


4 Records in which no ecollector’s name is mentioned refer to collections made 
by the author. 


14 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


This species has been taken only in the vicinity of Stanford Uni- 
versity, where it infests copper beach (Fagus sylvatica). It may be 
easily recognized by the masses of whitish floceulence on the under 
side of the leaves. Each mass contains one individual, which is 
entirely hidden by it. In looking up the literature of this species 
the author found that there has been no description of it published in 
America, so below is included a brief description of specimens taken 
near Stanford University on April 28 and May 29, 1915. 

Alate viviparous female.—Prevailing color dark green, covered 
with a whitish floeculence. This floceulence consists of wax threads 
as much as 3 mm. long. Head dusky, with frontal margin black. 
Eyes red. Antennae dusky, except II and basal one-third of III, 
which are pale. Beak pale with apex and joints dusky. Thorax 
dusky green with lobes black. Abdomen dark green with a row of 
black spots on each margin and about seven black transverse dorsal 
bands. Cornicles black. Cauda and anal plate concolorous with 
abdomen with distal margins slightly darker. First and second femora 
pale with apices only dusky; third femora dusky throughout. First 
tibiae pale with apex dusky; second and third dusky throughout. 
Tarsi black. Wings hyaline, stigma gray. . 

Head twice as wide as long, furnished with many small wax 
olands. Antennae reaching to the cornicles or to the base of the 
cauda, set on small tubercles (fig. 12). III is the longest segment, 
followed by IV, V, and VI. VI spur is merely a thumb-lke projec- 
tion (fig. 16). The usual primary and accessory sensoria are present 
on V and VI. Secondary sensoria are found only on III (fig. 9). 
These are fairly large, almost circular, and placed in a single row 
along the segment. They number from four to seven, five being the 
average. The beak is short, reaching but slightly beyond the first 
coxae. The wings are normal, with a twice-branched third discoidal. 
The cornicles are merely small pores. The cauda is short and knobbed, 
the anal plate emarginate or bilobed (fig. 11). 

Measurements: Body length 2.0 to 2.4 mm., width 0.8 to 1.04 mm., 
antennae total 1.55 to 2.06 mm., III 0.591 to 0.77 mm., IV 0.34 to 0.47 
mm., V 0.27 to 0.389 mm., VI 0.19 to 0.25 mm., cornicles (diameter) 
0.05 mm. 

Apterous viviparous female.—Prevailing color under flocculence 
pale yellowish green. Light brown markings as follows: two rows 
of four spots each across the prothorax, one large spot on each margin 
and one on the dorsum of the thorax, four spots on each abdominal 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 15 


segment, two dorsal and two marginal. Antennae pale except VI, 
apical two-thirds of V, and apical one-third of IV. Legs pale with 
light brown spots at joints; tarsi black. Cauda small and conicle, 
cornicles not evident. 

Measurements: Body length 2.9 to 3.0 mm., width 0.96 to 1.2 mm., 
antennae total 1.26 mm., III 0.36 mm., IV 0.82 mm., V 0.204 mm., 
VI 0.205 mm. 


3. Phyllaphis quercicola Baker 
Figures 14 to 20 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. Schizoneura querci (Fitch) (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. S. querci (Fitch) (list). 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. S. querci (Fitch) (list). 
Davis, Ent. News, vol: 22, p. 241, 1911. Phyllaphis querci (Fitch) (biblig.) 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 127, 1914. P. querci (Fitch) (note). 
Gillette, Ent. News, vol. 25, p. 274, 1914. Phyllaphis sp. (list). 

Baker, Ent. News, vol. 27, p. 362, 1916. P. quercicola un. for P. querci 

(Fitch) of Davis. 


Records.— Quercus agrifolia; Placer, Contra Costa, Santa Clara counties 
(Davidson, Clarke) ; Stanford University, April, 1915; Berkeley, September, 1915; 
Wynola, San Diego County, June, 1916; Charter Oak, Los Angeles County, Novem- 
ber, 1916. Quercus lobata, Stanford University (Davidson); Q. wislizenti, Placer 
County (Davidson) ; Q. dwmosa, San Diego, August, 1915; Quercus sp., Spreckels, 
Monterey County, 1913 (Gillette). 


This is a very common species of woolly aphis on the oaks, par- 
ticularly the live oak, through southern and central California. 
According to Davidson (1914) the stem mothers occur in pseudogalls 
on the edges of the leaves. The second generation lice, when mature, 
leave these galls to live on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, 
unprotected except for their woolly covering. The sexes, apterous 
Oviparous females and alate males, occur late in the fall. The vivi- 
parous generations are all apterous. The writer has observed the 
stem mothers as late as August in San Diego County, while he has 
found the viviparous females on the under side of the leaves as early 
as mid-June in Berkeley. 

The identity of this species has never been definitely established. 
It was thought to be the species described by Fitch (Rept. Ins. N. Y., 
vol. 5, p. 804, 1859) as Hriosoma querci, but in 1916 Baker pointed 
out the identity of Eriosoma querci Fitch, proving it to be identical 
with a species of Anoecia found on Cornus and formerly considered 
to be A. corn Fab. Baker’s decision is that the Quercus-Cornus 
species of the eastern United States is Anoecia quercr (Fitch) and 


16 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


is distinct from our western one. In 1911 Davis described a species 
of woolly aphis from oak under the name of Phyllaphis querci (Fitch) 
stating that it is the same one as listed by Davidson. Baker proposes 
the name Phyllaphis quercicola for this species described by Davis. 
Consequently it is so listed in this paper. This species is not a typical 
Phyllaphis, but it fits that genus better than any other so is placed 
there provisionally. The figures (14-20) are from a specimen of alate 
male in the Davidson eollection in Stanford University. 


Tribe Callipterini Wilson 
Wilson, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 253, 1910. 


The genera included in this tribe differ somewhat as considered by 
various entomologists. Since Wilson has worked out the synonomy 
of the various genera very well he is followed in preference to some 
of the European authors, although there are some points in which 
he is mistaken. For instance, he places Pterocallis Passerini, Callip- 
teroides Mordwilko, Tuberculatus Mordwilko, Subcallipterus Mord- 
wilko, and Therioaphis Walker as synonyms of Myzocallis Passerini. 
In regard to this, he states, ‘‘In 1894 Mordwilko used A. coryli Goetze 
as the type of his genus Callipteroides, but as this species...’’ He 
is mistaken in this, for in the paper referred to, Mordwilko used 
A. coryli Goetze as the type of the genus Myzocallis Passerini, and in 
1908 he gave as the type of Callipteroides, Callipterus mgritarsus 
Heyden (betulae Koch). If nigritarsus Heyden is a synonym of 
betulae Koch, as Mordwilko indicates, then Callipteroides is a synonym 
of Huceraphis Walker, for C. betulae Koch certainly falls into this 
genus, as described by Wilson himself. The key to the California 
genera below is adapted from Wilson’s key (Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 
2538-254, 1910). 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA GENERA OF CALLIPTERINI 


1. Antennal tubercles prominent (fig. 21); antennae always exceedingly long.... 2 
— Antennal tubercles wanting or very small (fig. 22); antennae variable, some- 


times shorter than the bod yoo oc. eee crest aes tee eee eee ae 3 
2. Cornicles very long and large (figs) 23-24) (212 ce co oices sec e 4 
— Cornicles very short and more or less constricted in the middle ...................... 5 


— Cornicles little more than pores (fig. 25). Wings held horizontal at rest. 
Monellia Oestlund 
3. Cornicles distinct, usually being longer than broad in the middle (fig. 26) 6 
— Cornicles little more than pores, and broader than long (fig. 25). Wings 
held*shorizontal [at crest iz. set ena ee ene ee Monellia Oestlund 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 17 


4, Cornicles one-fourth the length of the body or more, swollen in the middle 
ERB IRN in cc old ERI ETS tk ane Day rte RM Pe Sl A Drepanosiphum Koch 
— Cornicles large and nearly one-fourth the length of the body, swollen at the 
base and tapering toward the middle (fig. 23) ...Drepanaphis Del Guercio 
5. Inner side of antennal tubercles about one-half the length of the inner side 


Dietnesirat antennal goin, (119,29 ) oo sic sad Ueccceeccousegeet Euceraphis Walker 

— Inner side of antennal tubercles more than one-half the length of the inner 
side of the first antennal segment (figs. 27-28) .................. Calaphis Walsh 

6. Antennae longer than body, except in Callipterinella, with VI spur not much 
CAS ers WASTE TY OV EEE TSG Paar 8 I) Ia ae ne iene Sag 7 Rn So a cere 7 

— Antennae shorter than the body, with VI spur very short, often being little 
POO DME At ene ali E1B OaTTOCOBS § (110%. 2 Sk ) apes ake aa cae Socetecesnatet cenee nasal cenestasaceen 9 


7. VI spur considerably longer than VI base, being one and one-half to two 
times as long. Anal plate emarginate but not deeply bilobed. 

Callipterinella Van der Goot 

— VI spur about equal to or shorter than VI base.. Anal plate deeply bilobed 8 

. VI spur and VI base subequal (fig. 31). Cornicles twice as long as broad 

in the middle and constricted in the middle (figs. 26, 32). 

Myzocallis Passerini 

— VI spur shorter than VI base (fig. 30). Cornicles much broadened at base 

ings. (Cap jhe 28 to ton near Evatt ath eran a ce eee Eucallipterus Schouteden 

9. VI spur less than one-half the length of VI base (fig. 34). Cornicles not 
longer than broad at the base, and constricted in the middle (fig. 35). 

Chromaphis Walker 

— VI spur at least one-half as long at VI base (figs. 63, 66). Cornicles short, 

about as long as broad and placed on a broad base .......... Callipterus Koch 


GO 


2. Genus Drepanosiphum Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 201, 1855. Type Aphis palantanoides Schrank. 


4. Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schrank) 
Figures 21, 24, 36 


Schrank, Fauna Boic., vol. 2, p. 1206, 1801. Aphis (orig. dese.). 

Wilson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 349, 1909 (dese. ala. vivi., ala. ovi. 
females). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 759, 1912: (list). 


Records.—Acer macrophyllum, A. negundo; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig); Stan- 
ford University, October, 1914, April, 1915; A. pseudoplatanus, Stanford Univer- 
sity, November, 1914 (Morrison); A. saccharum, Berkeley, June, 1915; Platanus 
racemosus, Stanford University (Davidson); Acer sp., San Lorenzo, 1908 (Wil- 
son). 


This is a very common species in the San Francisco Bay region 
on various species of maples, and on box elder and western sycamore. 
In April the alate and apterous viviparous females are abundant, 
remaining so throughout the summer and early fall. In the later 
fall (October and November) the sexes appear. Just where the eggs 


18 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


are laid the author is unable to say. A curious fact is that the 
oviparous females are alate as well as apterous. The author has never 
seen the alate forms, but Wilson (1908) describes them. 


3. Genus Drepanaphis Del Guercio 


Del Guercio, Rivista di patologia vegetable, vol. 4, pp. 49-53, 1909. Type 
Siphonophora acerifolu Thomas. 


5. Drepanaphis acerifolii (Thomas) 
Figures 23, 37 


Thomas, Illinois Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2, p. 4, 1878. Siphonophora (orig. 
desc. ). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Drepanosiphum (list). 

Sanborn, Kan. Univ. Sci., Bull. 3, p. 45, 1904. Drepanosiphum (dese. ala.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 303, 1909. Drepanosiphum (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910. Macrosiphum (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 760, 1912 (list). 

Essig, Mon. Bull., Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 85, 1914 (list). 

Essig, Mon. Bull., Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 445, 1914 (list). 


Records.—Acer sp.: Stanford University (Davidson); Sacramento (Essig); 
Hanford, Fresno County (B. V. Sharp); A. macrophyllum, A. saccharinum, Berke- 
ley, July to October, 1915; Riverside, October, 1916; A. dasycarpum, A. plat- 
anoides, Berkeley, 1915 (Essig); Quercus sp. (live oak), Berkeley (Clarke) (?). 


This 1s aS common a species on maple in the San Francisco Bay 
region as the preceding one. It has also been taken in the Sacramento 
and the San Joaquin valleys, and in southern California. It is a 
species easily recognized by its dark markings and the dorsal tubercles 
on the first and second abdominal segments. 


4. Genus Calaphis Walsh 
Figure 28 
Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, p. 301, 1863. Type C. betulella n.sp. 


6. Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch) 
Figures 27-38 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 66, 1851. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent:, vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Callipterus (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 556, 1911 (syn.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 404, 1912 (desc. sexes). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 760, 1912 (list). ; 
Essig, Mon. Bull., Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 445, 1914 (list). 
Baker, Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, vol. 18, p. 186, 1916 (desc.). 


Records.—Betula sp., Alameda, Contra Costa, Santa Clara counties (Clarke, 
Davidson, Essig, Morrison, and the author). 


1919 Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California hy) 


This is a common species of aphid on birch (Betula spp.) in the 
San Francisco Bay region. In the early part of March the eggs begin 
to hatch. In 1915 at Stanford University eggs began to hateh on 
March 8, the process continuing for several days. A month later 
both alate and apterous females were quite abundant; the alate 
females being undoubtedly the stem mothers, the apterae belonging 
to the second generation. Viviparous generations appeared through- 
out the summer. During August the sexes, alate males and apterous 
Oviparous females, occurred. In 1914 the sexes and sexupara were 
noticed on August 28. Ege laying occurred shortly afterward, the 
eges being laid in the crotehes of the twigs and under the curled 
edges of the bark. Birch'is the only recorded host plant. 


5. Genus Kuceraphis Walker 
Walker, The Zoologist, p. 2001, 1870. Type Aphis betulae Koch. 
Key To CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


1. Body light green; third joint of antennae with about 13-18 sensoria on basal 
APU ERI ce NOMS SRO tal halal ore A ce en ea eae S gillettei Dvdn. 
— Body yellow with dark markings on head and thorax, and often with as 
many as eight black transverse stripes on the abdomen (the number varies 
between none and eight); third antennal segment with 19-25 sensoria 
ey Ue 2S 8 AN RS aE UG dr cereal oes ned ne betulae (Koch) 


7. Kuceraphis betulae (Koch) 
Figures 29, 40 


Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 217, 1855. Callipterus (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 405, 1913 (dese. ovi. female). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 129, 1914 (dese. stem mother). 


Records.—Betula sp.: Oakland (Davidson) ; Palo Alto, March to April, 1915. 


Davidson lists this species, describing the stem mother and 
oviparous female from the San Francisco Bay region. The author 
found it in Palo Alto during March and April, 1915, on Betula alba. 
According to Davidson the stem mothers hatch from the eggs about 
the middle of February, feeding on the stems until the leaves open in 
March. The viviparous generations occur during the summer. He 
took the oviparous females in November. His description of the stem 
mother gives three dusky transverse bands on the abdomen. ‘The 
author has found this to be variable, the number ranging from none 
to eight. 


20 University of California Publications in Entomology ([VoL.8 


8. Euceraphis gillettei Davidson 
Figure 39 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. Lachnus alnifoliae Fitch (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 300, 1909. L. alnifoliae Fitch (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. JL. alnifoliae Fitch (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773, 1912. Lachnus alnifoliae Fitch 
(list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773,1912. Lahnus alnifoliae Fitch (note). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 421, 1915 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Alnus rhombifolia; Berkeley (Clarke), Stanford University, San 
Jose, Walnut Creek (Davidson), Stanford University, March, 1915. 


This species was reported from alder by Clarke and Davidson as 
Lachnus alnifoliae Fitch. Essig, in his Host plant list of California 
Aphididae, lists Callipterus alnifoliae (Fitch) on Alnus rhombifolra, 
but later states that this citation should be Lachnus aluifoliae Fitch. 
Therefore he referred to this new species of Davidson. The author 
took both apterous and alate viviparous females of this species on 
Alnus rhombifolia, along the banks of the San Francisquito Creek, 
near Stanford University, on March 19, 1915. During the spring it 
was quite common there. 


6. Genus Kucallipterus Schouteden 
Schouteden, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 12, 1906. Type Aphis tiliae Linn. 
KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


1. Wings hyaline; III pale except at the apex, with 5-7 sensoria on the basal 

one-fifth (flo. 41) ee eee econ tte teeta tae seen ee flava (Dvdn.) 

2. Wings with veins clouded; III with apical one-fifth and basal one-half dusky, 
and with about 13-15 sensoria on the basal one-half (fig. 42). 

tiliae (Linn.) 


9. Kucallipterus flava (Davidson) 
Figure 41 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 406, 1912. Huceraphis (orig. desce.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 423, 1915 (dese. sexes). 


Records.—Alnus rhombifolia; San Jose, Walnut Creek (Davidson), Stanford 
University (Morrison). 


This is an uncommon species in the San Francisco Bay region on 
Alnus rhombifolia, occurring on the under side of the leaves. The 
author has never collected it, but has specimens from Davidson, taken 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 21 


in April, 1918, near Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County. According 
to Davidson the sexes appear in October, ege laying occurring during 
the first part of November. The eggs are laid at the axils of the new 
buds and on the twigs or canes. These hatch the following spring, the 
stem mothers being found in the early part of April. 


10. Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.) 
Figures 7, 30, 33, 42, 50 
Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 2, p. 734, 1735. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davis, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 2, p. 33, 1909. Callipterus (desc., biblio.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910. Callipterus (list). 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Callipterus (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 763, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Tilia americana, Tilia europea; Stanford University (Davidson), 
Berkeley, August, 1914 (Essig) ; Stanford University, April to May, 1915; Berke- 
ley, June, 1915. 


In the San Francisco Bay region this very pretty aphid is quite 
common on basswood or linden. The author has taken it throughout 
April, May, and June. Essig found it abundantly in August. It is 
very easily recognized when found at rest on the under side of the 
leaves of its host by the two black lines extending from the front of 
the head along the margins of the thorax and joining with the costal 
margins of the wings. It so appears that these lines are continuous 
from the front to the tip of the wings. 


7. Genus Myzocallis Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, p. 28, 1860. Type Aphis coryli Goetze. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


Pa SE ELEN eae rae le Sia Seca naa EE a peelc cuacevedessucrotyotbbscassteresa-canercusies 6 
— Wings not hyaline, with portions shaded (fig. 262) .........22....--.--------:ee-eeeeeeees 2 
Petros a foclliot wines ivalines (fiter SOG. 207) oie cece ce oge Sacer nent ecer ceaegncnets 3 
— Costal cell of forewings dusky or shaded (figs. 263, 264) -...............-..-----+++- 5 
3. First discoidal vein dusky, otherwise the wing is hyaline. VI with spur shorter 


than base. Apical one-half of III dusky (fig. 47). Cornicles pale. Found 


OF yah EITTICDS 15) Oy Sk EER, Sp es Ey Sen CoO eT alnifoliae (Fitch) 
— Wings not as above (figs. 266, 267). VI with spur either equal to or longer 
than base. III with less than apical one-half dusky .........................-00------ 4 


4, Cornicles pale. Abdomen without dusky dorsal markings. On Quercus spp. 
maureri Swain 
— Cornicles dusky (fig. 62). Abdomen with dusky dorsal markings. On Casta- 
MUST) PULL GILG? ChG a OD) a tate cnaca cern ecansstaaocercn eaten in egennannesnayre c= davidsoni Swain 


22, University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 
5. Cornicles pale. Wings with greater portion cloudy (fig. 262). Antennae with 
only tips of III to VI dusky. On Quercus spp. -......--...---- discolor (Monell) 

— Cornicles pale with apex dusky. Wings with dusky band along costal margin 
(fig. 263). Antennae with tips of III and IV, apical one-half of V, and 

all of VI and spur dusky. On Quercus spp. -.-...--...--..--.--) bellus (Walsh) 

6. Abdomen with four spine-like tubercles on the dorsum of the first segment. 
VI with base and spur subequal, III being considerably longer than both. 
Cornicles pale, small, and inconspicuous. On Ulmus spp. 
ulmifolii (Monell) 


— Abdomen without tubercles asi ADOVO .2..c.cce2h icc ocee cs eee case olen seaes sss oebg ee 7 
7. III shorter than VI (base and spur). On Quercus spp. -..--.- punctatus (Monell) 
— ITI not shorter than VI (base and spur) W222 8 
8. VI with spur about twice as long as base (fig. 44). Cornicles pale. On 

COry Vee 5B Disge cs tee sees oe ee tee ee ee ete oer ee eee coryli (Goetze) 
— VI with spur at most only slightly longer than base ~..............--------.------e-0---- 9 
9. IIT ‘with apex only ‘dusky* (figs. 57, 58): Canda pale 220") eee 10 
— III dusky throughout (fig. 268) or with apex and a band near the base dusky 

(fig; 48) 9 oCauda cl uskey 20 W. cei nin eee eee ati he 11 


10. Cornicles pale. Antennae longer than body. Sensoria on III (two or three 
in number) small and located close to the base of the segment (fig. 57). On 
Dat 9.155 (1) 5) 0) Cn Men eee elem nn era Sn Bry PNR opm te AN pe A a pasaniae Dvdn. 
— Cornicles dusky, at least apical one-half. Antennae not longer than the body. 
Sensoria on III (five or more in number) fairly large and on basal two- 
thirds; of segment) (fig. 58). Om Quercus spp. quercus (Kalt.) 
11. Abdomen with dusky dorsal markings. III dusky throughout (fig. 268). On 
AT UNIO. SPD sie eo agra wee a ioate ster t eee ee eee arundinariae Essig 
— Abdomen without dusky dorsal markings. III with apex and band near base 
dusky (fig, 48)))-Onearundo snp. 3 ee arundicolens (Clarke) 


11. Myzocallis alnifoliae (Fitch) 
Figure 47 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 67, 1851. Lachnus (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 764 (762), 1912. M. alni (Fabr.) (dese. 
viviparae). 
Baker, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 421, 1917 (note). 
Records.—Alnus rhombifolia; Santa Paula (Essig). 


Only onee has this species been taken in California, by Essig in 
August, 1911, near Santa Paula, Ventura County. At that time it 
was very abundant on the under side of the leaves, causing a large 
amount of sooty mold. 


12. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 
Figures 22, 48, 51, 52 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Callipterus (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Callipterus (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912 (list, in part). 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, p. 305, 1917 (desce.). 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 23 


Records.—Bamboo, Berkeley (Clarke, Essig) ; Arundinaria japonica, Berkeley, 
June, 1915. 


In the San Francisco Bay region and in the Sacramento Valley 
this species is often found infesting the upper and lower surfaces of 
the leaves of various bamboos, particularly species of Arundinaria, 
Bambusa, and Phyllostachys, and the giant reed (Arundo donazx). 
Reports list it from Alameda, Sacramento, San Francisco, and Santa 
Clara counties. The species described by Davidson (1914) as Huweal- 
lipterus arundicolens (Clarke) and reported from southern California 
by Essig (1912) proves to be distinct, and was described by Essig 
(1917) as M. arundinariae. The following brief description is from 
a collection made by the author on June 9, 1915, from Arundinaria 
japonica on the campus of the University of California in Berkeley. 

Alate viviparous female.—(Second generation?) Prevailing 
color, pale yellow. Head twice as wide as long, pale yellow, with 
prominent red eyes. Antennal tubercles absent. Antennae longer 
than body; formula III, [V, V, VI spur, VI base, I, II. Segments all 
pale except the margins of I and II, the apices of III, IV, V, and a 
band about one-sixth the length of III a short distance from the base 
of III (fig. 48), which are black, and VI which is slightly dusky. 
There are five or six transverse secondary sensoria on III, located in 
the dark band. The usual primary sensoria are present on V and VI, 
and the usual accessor sensoria on VI. Beak pale and short, reaching 
only to the middle of the first coxae. Thorax and abdomen normal, 
pale yellow, without tubercles or dusky markings. Cornicles (fig. 51) 
pale, short, broader at base than at apex. Cauda short, constricted 
in the middle, with distal end black. Anal plate (fig. 52) pale, deeply 
bilobed. Wings normal, hyaline, with the first and second discoidal 
veins and the base of the stigmal vein darker than the others. There 
is a perceptible shading at the tip of each vein. 

Measurements: Body length 1.826 to 2.023 mm. (av. 1.644 mm.), 
width of thorax 0.51 to 0.68 mm. (av. 0.612 mm.), antennae total 
2.839 to 3.077 mm. (av. 2.9299 mm.), III 0.8925 to 0.986 mm. (av. 
0.9324 mm.), IV 0.578 to 0.663 mm. (av. 0.6423 mm.), V 0.527 to 
0.561 mm. (av. 0.5403 mm.), VI base 0.306 to 0.323 mm. (av. 0.3103 
mm.), VI spur 0.34 to 0.425 mm. (av. 0.3691 mm.), cornicle 0.595 to 
0.765 mm. (av. 0.7002 mm.), cauda 0.153 mm., wing length 2.25 to 
3.96 mm. (av. 2.9097 mm.), width 1.02 to 1.122 mm. (av. 1.071 mm.), 
expansion 6.341 to 6.97 mm. (av. 6.6555 mm.). 


24 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


13. Myzocallis arundinariae Essig 
Figure 268 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912. M. arundicolens (Clarke) (in 
part). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 129, 1914. Hucallipterus arundi- 
colens (Clarke) (desc. viviparae). 

Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, pp. 302-305, 1917 (orig. dese.). 


Records.—Arundo sp., San Francisco Bay region (Davidson); Arundinaria 
japonica, Santa Barbara (Essig); Riverside, January to May, 1917; Arundo 
donax, San Diego, April to June, 1916. 


This is the commonest bamboo-infesting species in southern Cali- 
fornia and parts of central California. For some time it was con- 
sidered as M. arwndicolens (Clarke) but this past year Essig pointed 
out the differences, describing it as a new species. 


14. Myzocallis bellus (Walsh) 
Figures 45, 46 


Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, p. 299, 1862. Aphis (orig. dese.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent. Zool., vol. 7, pp. 195-200, 1915. Callipterus (desc.). 


Records.—Quercus agrifolia, Alhambra, Los Angeles County (Essig); Ventura 
(Essig). 


Two collections have been made of this species in California, both 
in southern California, in January, 1912, in Alhambra, and in May, 
1913, in Ventura. Both of these consisted only of the alate females 
(stem mothers), and were described by Essig. 


15. Myzocallis davidsoni Swain 
Figures 60, 61, 62, 267 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Callipterus castaneae Fitch (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p.. 376, 1910. Callipterus castaneae 
(Buckton) (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 405, 1912. Calaphis castaneae (Buck- 
ton) (dese. sexuales). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 760, 1912. Calaphis castaneae (Fitch) 
(list). 

Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 1, 1918 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Castanea sp., Berkeley (Clarke, Essig, Swain), Stanford University 


(Davidson, Swain), San Jose (Davidson) ; Quercus pedunculata, Berkeley (Swain, 
Essig). 


This species was first reported in California by Clarke as Callip- 
terus castaneae Fitch and later by Davidson as Callipterus castaneae 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 25 


Buckton. Recently the author described the species from specimens 
taken in Berkeley on chestnut and oak. It cannot be the Callipterus 
castaneae of Fitch, because the latter is really a Calaphis. It may be 
the same species that Buckton had when describing his Callipterus 
castaneae, in which case his name would be dropped as Fitch’s species 
has priority, and is replaced by the author’s name, M. davidsom. It 
is more or less common throughout the San Francisco Bay region on 

, chestnuts, and in one case on two specimens of Quercus pedunculata 
in Berkeley. The stem mothers appear during the late spring, in 
April and May. Viviparous generations are produced throughout the 
summer, the sexuales occurring in October and November. 


16. Myzocallis coryli (Goetze) 
Figures 43, 44, 53, 54: 
Goetze, Ent. Beitrage, vol. 2, p. 311, 1778. Aphis (orig desc.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Callipterus (list). 


Davis, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 417, 1910. Callipterus (desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Corylus sp., Berkeley (Clarke) ; Corylus rostrata, San Francisco Bay 
region (Davidson); C. rostrata var. californica, C. maxima, Berkeley, August, 
1914, June to July, 1915. 


In the San Francisco Bay region this species is quite common on 
alder. During the seasons of 1914 and 1915 the author observed it 
to be very abundant on species of alder on the University of California 
eampus. He has never found it in the south, however. 


17. Myzocallis discolor (Monell) 
Figures 262, 263 


Monell, U. 8. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 30, 1879. Callipterus (orig. 
dese. ). : 
Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 115, 1910. Callipterus (desc.). 


Record.—Quercus macrocarpa, Sacramento, October, 1916 (Davidson). 


The author received specimens of this species from Davidson, 
which were found in October, 1916, on Quercus macrocarpa in Sacra- 
mento. The determination was made by Davis. Below are a few 
descriptive notes to supplement Williams’ description listed above. 

Alate viviparous female—Antennae about as long as body, III 
the longest segment, followed by IV, VI, and V. VI spur is slightly 

“ longer than the base. The antennae are rather slender as compared 


26 University of California Publications in Entomology, [Vou.3 


with other species of this genus. Primary sensoria are present on 
V and VI as usual, and accessory sensoria on VI. There are about 
seven secondary sensoria on III (fig. 262), which are more or less oval 
to circular, and located on the basal two-thirds of the segment. The 
cornicles, cauda, and anal plate are typical of the genus. 
Measurements: Body length 1.28 to 1.37 mm., antenna total 1.41 
mm., III 0.459 mm., [IV 0.306 mm., V 0.264 mm., VI 0.289 mm. (base 
0.119 mm., spur 0.17 mm.), ecornicles 0.68 mm., wing length 2.074 to 
2.414 mm., width 0.68 to 0.833 mm. The two dusky transverse bands 
across the fore wings (fig. 263) constitute the most distinguishing 
character. The branching of the third discoidal is quite variable. 


18. Myzocallis punctatus (Monell) 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 31, 1879. Callipterus (orig. 
dese. ). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903. Callipterus hyalinus Monell (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912. M. hyalinus (Monell) (list). 


Record.—Quercus imbricata, Berkeley (Clarke). 


This is a doubtful species, reported only by Clarke from Quercus 
umbricata in Berkeley. It is the author’s opinion that this is the same 
species listed by Davidson as M. quercus (Kalt.). 


19. Myzocallis maureri Swain 
Figures 55, 56, 266 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 4, 1918 (orig. desc.). 

Records.—Quercus agrifolia, Berkeley (Swain); Quercus kelloggii, Julian, San 
Diego County (Swain). 

This species has been taken in Berkeley and in the Cuyamaca 
Mountains of San Diego County by the author. Essig has also taken 
it in Berkeley. It is never abundant, but the author has observed it 
several times and in several places in the localities mentioned. 


20. Myzocallis pasaniae Dvdn. 
Figure 57 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 424, 1915 (orig. desc.). 

Records.—Pasania densiflora, Stevens Creek Canyon, Santa Clara County 
(Davidson), Berkeley, February, 1915 (Essig). 

This is a species found occasionally on tanbark oak in the San 
Francisco Bay region. The author has never taken it but has speci- 
mens from Davidson and Essig. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 27 


21. Myzocallis quercus (Kalt.) 
Figures 31, 32, 58 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenliuse, p. 98, 1843. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Callipterus (list). 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911. Callipterus (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 130, 1914 (desc.). 


Records.—Quercus agrifolia; Stanford University, San Jose, Penryn, Placer 
County (Davidson); Q. lobata, Santa Clara County (Davidson); Berkeley, 1915 
(Essig); Q. pedunculata, Berkeley, August, 1914; Q. douglasii, Stanford Univer- 
sity, November, 1910, April, 1911 (Morrison); Q. robur, Oakland (Davidson). 


This is a variable species more or less common in the San Fran- 
cisco Bay region and in the Sacramento Valley on various species of 
oaks. When he first reported it Davidson was doubtful of its identity. 
Later, however, it was identified by Peter Van der Goot® as this 
species. 


22. Myzocallis ulmifolii (Monell) 
Figure 59 


Monell, U. 8S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 29, 1879. Callipterus (orig. 
dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909. Callipterus (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Callipterus (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 762, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Ulmus sp., Stanford University (Davidson), Ulmus americana, Wal- 
nut Creek, October, 1913 (Davidson). 


Davidson reports this as common on elms in the San Francisco 
Bay region. However, the author has never collected it. The follow- 
ing brief descriptive notes are from an alate viviparous female, taken 
in Walnut Creek by Davidson. The most distinguishing character is 
the presence of a pair of small but prominent tubercles on the mid- 
dorsum of the first and second abdominal segments. The usual 
primary and accessory sensoria are present on V and VI. Secondary 
sensoria (fig. 59) are present on the basal one-half to two-thirds of 
III. These are transversely linear or oval, and number about six. 
The cornicles are very short, being fully as broad at the apex as long. 
Cauda and anal plate normal. Wings normal, radial vein indistinct, 
first discoidal curving toward base of wing. Body length 1.836 mm., 
width of thorax 0.578 mm., antennae total 1.309 to 1.826 mm., III 

5 In 1917 George Shinji (Ent. News, vol. 27, February, 1917) described three 


species, M. essiggi n.sp., M. woodworthi u.sp., and M. hyalinus (Monell), all of 
which are undoubtedly but varieties of this species, M. quercus (Kalt.). 


28 University of California Publications in Entomology (VoL. 3 


0.442 mm., IV 0.255 to 0.272 mm., V 0.221 to 0.2465 mm., VI 0.255 mm. 
(base 0.136 mm., spur 0.119 mm.), cornicles height 0.034 mm., diam- 
eter at apex 0.034 mm., wing length 1.581 to 1.768 mm., width 0.663 
to 0.68 mm., expansion 3.825 mm. 


8. Genus Chromaphis Walker 
Walker, The Zoologist, p. 2001, 1870. Type Lachnus juglandicola Kalt. 


23. Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) 
Figures 34,.35 
Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 151, 1843. Lachnus (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 51, 1909. Callipterus (dese. vivi.). 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 763, 1912 (list). 
Davidson, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bull. 100, pp. 2-19, 1914 (dese. all forms). 


Records.—Juglans regia; San Francisco Bay region, southern California. 


This walnut aphis is the most abundant and injurious of the 
species attacking walnut in California. It is more or less abundant 
throughout the San Francisco Bay region, while in southern Cali- 
fornia during certain seasons it is an important pest. Davidson 
(1914) has described all the forms and studied the life history care- 
fully, so but little comment is necessary. In 1915 the author 
observed the young stem mothers on March 22 in Sunnyvale, Santa 
Clara County. Three weeks later the second generation was well 
advanced. From the first of May on, in 1916, the viviparae were 
abundant on walnuts throughout San Diego County, from nursery 
stock in San Diego to a few cultivated trees at Santa Ysabel (altitude 
3000 feet). From the middle of October until well into December, 
1916, the sexuales were found throughout Los Angeles and Riverside 
counties. 


9. Genus Callipterus Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenliuse, p. 208, 1855. Type Aphis juglandis Kalt. 


The two members of this genus in California have been considered 
heretofore as species of Monellia Oestlund (genus 10), but according 
to Davis® they can not be so considered for in Monellia the wings are 
laid flat on the abdomen when at rest. This is found only in Monellia 
caryella (Fitch). Incidentally it may be remarked that the species 
known by that name in California does not have that habit, so 
should really be placed in this genus, Callipterus Koch. However, as 
it is identical with eastern specimens, except for this habit, the author 


6 Essig, E. O., Beneficial and Injurious Insects of California, Mon. Bull. Cal. 
Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 83, 1915. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 29 


has thought best to retain it in Monellis, at least for the time being. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


1. VI spur about equal to or slightly longer than VI base. Tuibiae mostly pale. 
caryae Monell 

— VI spur shorter than VI base. Tibiae entirely dark. Considerably larger than 
HONE eT UVa s VCORE Stig ala a eka FS Re A init ral tile ete Ae californicus (Essig) 


24. Callipterus californicus (Essig) 
Figures 63, 64 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 767, 1912. Monellia (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bull. 100, p. 34, 1914. Monellia (list, key to 
walnut aphids). 


Records.—Juglans californica (California black walnut); Santa Paula. 


In 1912 Essig described this species from specimens taken near 
Santa Paula in July, 1911. No other definite collections are known 
to the writer, although Essig reports it as more or less abundant on 
the California black walnut throughout the southern part of the state. 
Davidson has not found it in the San Francisco Bay region, nor has 
the author ever observed it, either in the bay region or in southern 
California. 


25. Callipterus caryae Monell 
Figures 65, 66 
Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 31, 1879 (orig. dese.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 249, 1903 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 764, 1912. Monellia (list). 
Davidson, U..S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 100, pp. 19-26, 1914. Monellia (dese. 
all forms). 


Records.—Juglans regia, J. californica; Berkeley, Stanford University, San 
Jose, San Francisco Bay region. 


This species is more or less common in the San Francisco Bay 
region on walnuts. Davidson has described all the forms and noted 
its life history. The author has not taken the species. 


10. Genus Monellia Oestlund 
Oestlund, Minn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. 4, p. 44, 1887. Type Aphis 
caryella Fitch. 

This genus, as described by Oestlund, differs from Callipterus par- 
ticularly in the position of the wings when the insects are at rest. In 
Callipterus they are held roof-like over the body as is usual in aphids. 
but in Monellia they are laid flat on the abdomen. It includes but 
the one species, M. caryella (Fitch). 


30 University of Californa Publications in Entomology [Vov. 3 


Fitch, Insects N..Y., vol. 1, p. 163, 1855. 


Figures 25, 67, 68 


26. Monellia caryella (Fitch) 


Aphis (orig. dese. apt. vivi.). 


Fitch, Ins. N. Y., vol. 3, p. 448, 1856. Callipterus (first dese. ala. vivi.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 182, 1914 (list). 
Davidson, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 100, pp. 26-34, 1914 (dese. all forms). 


Records.—Juglans californica, J. Nigra, J. regia; San Jose, Walnut Creek 


(Davidson) ; Stanford University, May to June, 1915. 


A more or less common species on both the native black walnut, 


and the cultivated walnut in the San Francisco Bay region. 


This 


species, while very similar to the preceding species, is probably the 


more common of the two. 


from Davidson :* 


Form 


Alate viviparous female 


Pupa of viviparous 


female 
Oviparous female 


Callipterus caryae Monell 


Antennal joint III very 
slightly thickened bas- 
ally. 


Sensoria on antennal 
joint III occupying 
basal half or  two- 
thirds. 


Antennal joint VI and 
its spur or filament 
subequal, or VI _ less 
than spur. 


Dusky knee spots often 
present. 


Four longitudinal rows 


of capitate spines. 


Smaller than viviparous 
female. 


Four . longitudinal rows 
of cipitate spines. 


The following table of differences is taken 


Monellia caryella (Fitch) 


Antennal joint III quite 
noticeably thickened 
for its basal half. 


Sensoria on 
pieveraren IBS | 
basal third. 


antennal 
occupying 


Antennal joint VI one- 
third as long again as 
its spur or filament. 


Dusky knee spots absent. 


Six longitudinal rows of 
capitate spines. 


Larger than viviparous 
female. 


Six longitudinal rows of 
capitate spines. 


This species is distinct from the preceding and according to Mor- 


rison, who has examined eastern species, is structurally identical 


except in the matter of the wings. 


He writes as follows: 


7 Davidson, W. M., Walnut aphides in California, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 100, 


p. 28, 1914. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 31 


I made a very careful study of specimens from California, sent me by David- 
son, and of specimens collected both in Indiana and New York (type locality). 
I was unable to find any structural differences that would definitely separate the 
two lots of specimens, with the exception of the position of the wings. These are 
laid flat when at rest in the eastern specimens, but are not so in the Californian 
specimens, according to Davidson. In spite of this apparent agreement, I feel 
that the two must be distinct. 


If this is the case, that the wings are not laid flat at rest, this 
species must belong to the genus Callipterus, and therefore cannot be 
Monellia caryella (Fitch). However, the author has not had an 
opportunity to study’ this carefully, so leaves it as it is, calling this 
California species Monellia caryella (Fitch). 

Because of the fact that all the species of aphids on walnut are 
so closely related, and so very similar in structure, a key to separate 
them, one from another, is given here. This key is adapted from 
Davidson.*® . 


1. Cornicles quite evident, about as long as wide. 
Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) 


— Cornicles barely perceptible, considerably wider than long -...................-..-.----- 2 
2. Tibiae of alate viviparae entirely dusky .......... Callipterus californicus (Essig) 
Ree EA IG@ OL GLALG VIVIDATAC) MOSEL YAO ono ances tween cme tndad penne enenane 3 
3. VI spur longer than VI base. Oviparous females with four longitudinal rows 
cigs TN TERT APO PN TC Ea yet ea Fie ee bak a eerie oo Callipterus caryae Monell 

— VI spur shorter than VI base. Oviparous females with six longitudinal rows 
PE EN PRE COPD LY WD yt) MMe ni Pens Seine oie ae ae Reo Monellia caryella (Fitch) 


11. Genus Callipterinella Van der Goot 
Van der Goot, Zur Systematic der Aphiden, 1913. Type Aphis (Callipterus) 
betularius Kaltenbach. 
27. Callipterinella annulata (Koch) 


Koch, Die Pflanzenliuse, p. 1855. Chaitophorus (orig. desc.). 

Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 367, 1910, Chaitophorus betulae (Buck- 
ton) (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 292, 1917 (desc.). 


Records.—Betula alba; Oakland, Walnut Creek (Davidson). 


This species has been reported by Davidson as infesting the leaves 
and shoots of the white birch in the San Francisco Bay region. It is 
unknown to the author. 


8 Ibid., p. 35. 


32 University of Californa Publications in Entomology [VouL.3 


Tribe Chaitophorini Wilson (Lachnidea Mordw. and 
Chaitopheri Mordw.) 


Wilson, Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 385-387, 1910. 


This tribe as considered by Wilson contains the following genera: 
Arctaphis, Chaitophorus, Symydobwus, Thomasia, and Sipha. The 
author has followed Wilson’s elassification, having added, however, 
two genera described later by Essig: viz., Micrella and Fullawaya. 
Essig’s genus Eichochaitophorus is a synonym of Arctaphis Walker 
(see discussion under no. 27). Mordwilko’s groups Lachnoidea and 
Chaitophori are both included in this one tribe. In the former, Mord- 
wilko includes Symydobius and Pterochlorus, and in the latter, 
Cladobius, Melanoxanthus, and Chattophorus. Both Cladobius and 
Melanoxanthus are included in this paper in the tribe Pterocommini, 
being synonyms of the genus Pterocomma Buckton. Following is a 
description of the tribe Chaitophorini as given by Wilson (op. cit.) : 

Antennae, except in Sipha, always six-segmented; in Sipha there are but five. 
Length variable; antennal tubercles wanting; antennae, legs, and body covered 
with hair-like bristles. Fore wings with two oblique veins and cubitus always 
twice forked; hind pair with two cross veins. Nectaries (cornicles) variable in 
length and size, but never longer than one-tenth the length of the body. The 
genera in this tribe are somewhat similar to those in the tribe Callipterint, but 


are easily distinguished by the shorter and heavier antennae and legs, as well as 
by the finer and more hair-like bristles. 


The following key to the Californian genera has been adapted from 
Wilson and Essig: 


1. Spur of sixth antennal segment at least three times as long as the segment 2 
— Spur not three times as long as the segment. Cauda broadly rounded and 


without: :-knobbeds tip c.g eee ec 4 

2. Spur more than five times as long as the segment; cornicles longer than the 
base..of ‘the sixth segment sen eee tere eee Chaitophorus Koch 

— Spur of sixth segment not more than five times as long as the segment; corn- 
icles not longer than the base of the sixth segment -...........-.---..---1cc--encceeses 3 

3. Cauda a knob on a quadrangular base (fig. 69). Spur about five times as 
long “as: BIxbi sep em Gs a 2c oie gota re cesar cheese Arctaphis Walker 


— Cauda:tapering to a blunt tip which is usually straight across, not being 
rounded or constricted at the base (fig. 70). Spur but slightly more than 


three times as long as the sixth segment ..............--....------.------ Micrella Essig 
4, Spur of sixth segment shorter or scarcely longer than the segment; antennae 
nearly ‘as long iasp the, DOC Vg ee.0 see ce pete oe corer Symydobius Mordwilko 
— Spur considerably longer than sixth segment; antennae about one-half the 
length of the, DOD sacsc. i. c2s ces tesdacenseqncnnssercanudenvocseueendeeteiaes cast he ce tier 5 
5. Cornicles absent; body with lateral tubercles -........................ Fullawaya Essig 


— Cornicles present; lateral body tubercles wanting .................... Thomasia Wilson 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 33 


Genus Chaitophorus Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 1, 1854. Type Aphis aceris Linn. 
There are at present no species of this genus in California; most 


of the species hitherto placed in it are now considered as belonging 
to the genus Thomasia Wilson. 


12. Genus Arctaphis Walker 
Walker, The Zoologist, p. 2000, 1870. Type aphis popult Linn. 

This genus as defined by Wilson is represented in California by 
two species: A. viminalis (Monell) and A. populifolit (Essig). The 
latter was placed by Essig in a new genus, Hichochaitophorus, but 
there is not enough difference between these to warrant a new genus. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


1. Wings hyaline. Three-nine large sensoria on third antennal segment (fig. 71). 


MIL ae LOT! PAO AIAG TO Vi taken teers rees ces ena cesccssae ecemeree populifolii (Essig) 
— Wings subhyaline. About ten rather small sensoria on III. IV but very 
UG WES Eg yee ta TA URN a hae LR Pe le as et ee eee viminalis (Monell) 


28. Arctaphis populifolii (Essig) 
Figures 69, 71 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 722, 1912. Hichochaitophorus (orig. 
dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. Chaitophorus populifoliae 

(Fitch) (dese. male). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911. Chaitophorus populifoliae 
(Fitch) (list). 


Records.—Populus trichocarpa, Santa Paula (Essig), Berkeley, September, 
1915; Populus fremontii, Stanford University and Penryn, Placer County (David- 
son); Menlo Park, San Mateo County, October, 1914 (Morrison); Berkeley, Sep- 
tember, 1915; El Cajon, San Diego County, June, 1916; Riverside, October, 1916. 


In 1912 Essig described this species from specimens taken on 
Populus trichocarpa at Santa Paula, and placed it in a new genus, 
Eichochaitophorus. We separated this genus from Arctaphis for the 
following reasons: 

According to Wilson the cauda [in Arctaphis] is a knob on a quadrangular 
base. The anal plate is broadly rounded. In the new genus [Hichochaitophorus | 
‘the style has a distinct neck and is situated on a very distinct conical base. The 


anal plate is deeply notched in the middle so as to make it somewhat forked as 
in the genus Callipterus. 


34 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


Although the anal plate is somewhat notched, there is scarcely 
differenee enough to warrant the forming of a new genus. In fact, 
in many specimens one cannot tell whether or not a notch is present. 
As to the cauda, consisting of the tip, a distinct neck, and a distinctly 
conical base, this is not greatly different from a cauda consisting of 
a knobbed tip on a quadrangular base. The only practical difference 
is in the base, being conical in one and quadrangular in the other. In 
popultfolu (Essig) the base seems to be conical, yet one cannot be 
certain unless the specimen is mounted exactly. 

This species, A. populifolic (Essig), as stated above, was described 
from specimens taken on Populus trichocarpa at Santa Paula. In 
1910 Davidson found a species on Populus fremonti at Stanford Uni- 
versity, and the following year at Penryn, Placer County, which he 
listed as Chaitophorus populifoliae (Fitch). A careful study of 
specimens from Davidson and the cotypes of Essig’s species convinced 
the author that they were identical. Morrison writes that Davidson’s 
specimens are not C. populifoliae (Fitch), so Essig’s species is distinct. 
In September, 1915, the author observed a great number of specimens 
of this species on a weeping elm (Ulmus sp.) in Berkeley, which was 
in close proximity to some populars. However, none were seen to be 
feeding on the elm, all being restless and wandering over the leaves 
and branches. In southern California this is often found infesting 
the empty galls of Thecabius populimonilis Riley; such having been 
observed in San Diego and Riverside counties. 


29. Arctaphis viminalis (Monell) ? 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 31, 1879. Callipterus (orig. 
desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. Chaitophorus (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. Chaitophorus (list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. Chaitophorus (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 716, 1912. Thomasia (list, key to Califor- 
nian species of Thomasia). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 213, p. 80, 1913. Chaitophorus (desc.). 


Records—Salix spp.; Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, and Neweastle, Placer 
County (Clarke); Penryn, Placer County, and Stanford University (Davidson). 


This species has been reported from Placer, Santa Clara, and 
Santa Cruz counties on various species of willow. The true Chai- 
tophorus viminalis Monell is an Arctaphis, but whether or not the 
western species is the same as the eastern is a question. The author 
has never seen specimens of either and is therefore unable to make 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 35 


any further comment. He once thought the western species was iden- 
tical with Thomasva salicicola (Essig), to which Morrison considers 
it very closely related, but Davidson assures him the two are distinct. 


13. Genus Micrella Essig 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 716, 1912. Type M. monella n.sp. 


30. Micrella monella Essig 
Figures 70, 72 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 717, 1912 (orig. dese.). 
Records.—Sali«z lasiolepis, Oxnard (Essig); S. laevigata, Santa Paula (Essig). 


This species was taken twice by Essig, who described it, in 1910 
near Oxnard, and in 1911 near Santa Paula. Since then it has never 
again been found. The author has had access to cotype specimens in 
Kssig’s collection. 


14. Genus Fullawaya Essig 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 735, 1912. Type F. saliciradicis n.sp. 


31. Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig 
Figure 75 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 737, 1912 (orig. dese.). 
Record.—Saliz laevigata, Santa Paula, August, 1911 (Essig’). 


On the roots of willow near Santa Paula, Essig once found a large 
number of aphids, the greater part of which were apterae, although 
a few alates were present. Unable to identify them with any known 
species, or to fit them into any genus, he described them as this species. 
Since then they have not been taken. The author has had access to 
cotype specimens in Essig’s collection. 


15. Genus Thomasia Wilson 
Wilson, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 386, 1910. Type Chaitophorus populicola Thomas. 


This genus is separated from Chaitophorus principally by the 
comparative lengths of the antennae and the comparative lengths of 
the spur of the sixth antennal segment. In Chattophorus (type Aphis 
_aceris Linn.) the antennae are almost as long as the body, and the 
spur of the sixth segment is over five times as long as the base. In 
this genus the antennae are but about one-half as long as the body, 
and VI spur is but slightly longer than VI base. 


\ 


36 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


Ley Win gs. bry alma pone ee pte es Ree ee ha tee gee 2 
— (Wings with veins clouded (fig, 275) ==) - 22) populicola (Thomas) 
2, LU longer than ov 1) (incliding spur ) ees ec eee tee negundinis (Thomas) 
— ITI not*longer than VI (including spur) 2.002222 .202 ot recast 3 
3. .1V “with ‘secondary; sensoria;.) a a ee ee ee crucis Essig 
—- LY without) secondary SenSOVis. ees ae cet cece ee ee salicicola Essig 


32. Thomasia crucis Essig 
Figure 76 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 742, 1912 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Salix macrostachya, Santa Paula, August, 1911 (Essig). 


Essig once found this species on the leaves of willow near Santa 
Paula. Since then it has never again been taken. The author has 
had access to cotype specimens in Kssig’s collection. 


33. Thomasia negundinis (Thomas) 


Thomas, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2, p. 10, 1878. Chaittophorus (orig. 
desc. ). 

Sanborn, Kan. Univ. Scei., Bull. 3, p. 35, 1904. Chaitophorus (desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. Chaitophorus (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 716, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Acer negundo, Stanford University (Davidson); Salt Marshes, Palo 
Alto, May, 1912 (Morrison). 


This species of Thomasia is quite common on box elder in the 
vicinity of Stanford University and Palo Alto. The author has never 
taken specimens, nor had access to any. Morrison writes that 
although he has never had aceess to eastern specimens of 7’. negundinis 
(Thos.) for comparison he is not able to convince himself that the 
western species is negundinis. The author is unable to form any 
opinion at present, having never seen specimens, hence lists the species 
aS Davidson has done. | 


34. Thomasia populicola (Thomas) 
Figures 77, 275 


Thomas, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist, Bull. 2, p. 10, 1878. Chaitophorus (orig. 
dese. ). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 98, 1909. Chaitophorus (dese.). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 716, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Populus spp., Salix spp., Santa Paula (Essig) ; Riverside, May, 1917; 
Populus sp., Canton, Broadwater County, Montana, July, 1915, R. W. Haegele; 
Edna Cafion, Boxelder County, Utah, August, 1916, R. W. Doane. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 37 


This species has been reported by Essig from Ventura County. 
The author has never taken the alates, but has had the opportunity 
of examining KHssig’s specimens, and specimens from Montana and 
Utah taken by Haegele and Doane. It is easily distinguished from 
other members of the genus by the broad, dark wing veins. 


35. Thomasia salicicola (Essig) 
Figure 78 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 532, 1911. Chaitophorus (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. Chaitophorus nigrae Oest- 
lund (?) (list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. Chaitophorus nigrae Oest- 
lund (?) (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 619, 1912 (note). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 716, 1912 (list). 


Kecords.—Salia laevigata, Santa Paula (Essig), Salix nigra, Lakeside, San 
Diego County, April, 1916; Populus trichocarpa, Santa Paula (Essig); Salix sp., 
San Jose, Stanford University, Penryn, Placer County (Davidson), Fillmore, Ven- 
tura County, March, 1911 (Essig). 


Essig reported this from Ventura County, and the author has 
found it in San Diego County. It was observed to be in large colonies 
on the leaves and leaf petioles of the tender growth of willow, in 
company with Siphocoryne carpreae (Fabr.). Specimens taken by 
Davidson and listed as Chaitophorus nigrae Oestlund prove to be 
identical with this species. 


16. Genus Symydobius Mordwilko 


Mordwilko, Rap. Lab. Zool. Kap. Imp. Varch. Univ., 1895. Type Aphis 
oblonga Heyden. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


OL Sek QPP AD REAM iS CePeT a) ELSE 0 GY uate aie ip Aare a fsa ese en ane Fe ee 2 

— Anal plate bilobed (fig. 271) ; cornicles pale, appearing white in life; antennae 

with about six to eight secondary sensoria on III, and one or two on IV 

AES PEP We gee hala re hn Sea RO i nee ee EE Pe we REM chrysolepis Swain 

2. Spur of VI but a short thumb-like projection; sensoria on III numbering about 

URS AST JAH abet Seay hess ila Meg le op UE eet, Saeeteaen eek mar ie ea agrifoliae Essig 

— Spur of VI longer, being equal to or longer than base of VI; fifteen to twenty 

Peneomieon) LLP nerOr LW Ol LV (19S) 1255) 0 4:) inte decsenntacthd atten tues chanet ee dennn ade 3 

3. Antennae for the most part dark, being dark brown or black; spur and base 
-of VI equal, lateral abdominal tubercles present in apterae. 

macrostachyae Essig 

— Antennate for the most part pale, being light brown or amber; spur of 

VI usually slightly longer than base; apterae without lateral abdominal 

CON RS i Ge pore et st Drs lh ae aL Pear Ser eee eee NO salicicorticis Essig 


38 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


36. Symydobius agrifoliae Essig 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, pp. 311-317, 1917 (orig. dese.). 


Records.—Quercus agrifolia; Santa Paula (Essig). 


This interesting aphid was taken in Ventura County on live oak 
during 1911. It differs from other members of this genus in the 
extremely short spur of the sixth antennal segment. The coloration 
is very similar to that of the next species, but the length of VI spur 
and the fact that the anal plate is not bilobed serves to distinguish it. 


37. Symydobius chrysolepis Swain 
Figures 269 to 274 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 6, 1918 (orig. dese.). 


Records.—Quercus chrysolepis; Alpine, San Diego County (Swain). 


This is a medium sized, brownish colored aphid found in 1916 
infesting the terminal twigs and leaf petioles of maul oak in San 
Diego County. Its pale white cornicles are very conspicuous, and 
serve as a distinguishing character. The anal plate is bilobed, a char- 
acter not found in other members of the genus, and one which may 
be sufficient for the separation of the species (and S. albisiyphus Davis, 
in which the anal plate is also bilobed) from Symydobius into a new 
genus. However, the author believes it best to retain them in this 
genus at present. The apterous females were found to be heavily 
parasitized by the chaleid fly, Closterocerus utahensis Crawford var. 
califormecus Girault. 


38. Symydobius macrostachyae Essig 
Figure 73 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 727, 1912 (orig desc.). 


Records.—Salix macrostachya; Santa Paula (Essig), Fresno, June, 1915. 


Twice has this species been taken, once by Essig near Santa Paula 
and once by the author along the San Joaquin River near Fresno. 
It is found in fairly large colonies on the younger stems of willow. 
These colonies consist for the most part of apterae, only a very few 
alates being present. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of Califorma 39 


39. Symydobius salicicorticis Essig 
Figure 74 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 731, 1912 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Salix laevigata; Santa Paula (Essig). 


Together with specimens of Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig, this was 
taken on willow along the Santa Clara River near Santa Paula in 
August, 1911. The colonies are found on the bark near the surface 
of the ground either just above or just below it. Essig reports that it 
is preyed upon quite extensively by the larvae of an undetermined 
species of.syrphus fly. The author has had access to cotype specimens 
in Essig’s collection. 


Group Lachnina Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. 


In this group there are included two tribes, Lachnini Del Guercio 
and Pterocommini Wilson, following Wilson. Mordwilko places but 
the one tribe Lachnini in this group, including the genus Pterocomma 
Buckton in the tribe Chaitophori. However, to the author the group- 
ing followed here seems more natural. The following key is adapted 
in part from Borner (Sorauer, Pflanzenkrankheiten, vol. 3, p. 665, 
1913) : 


Sixth antennal segment with a short, thick (thumb-like) projection. Cornicles 
conical (fig. 91) or wart-like. Empodial hair short, and oftentimes indistin- 

BTR SRG Le OL) ere en ree case dkea sean sategecgatgaoes abvht ge sooo tog oid pts Tribe Lachnini 
Sixth antennal segment with a slender projection (VI spur) which is about as 
long as the segment (VI base). Cornicles cylindrical or clavate (figs. 81, 82). 
Empodial hair practically as long as the claws (fig. 80). Tribe Pterocommini 


Tribe Pterocommini Wilson 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 8, pp. 347-358, 1915. 

This tribe, as considered by Wilson, contains but the one genus, 
Pterocomma Buckton. In a former paper (Can. Ent., vol. 43, p. 384, 
1910) he recognized two genera: the one, Melanoxantherium Schoute- 
den, in which the cornicles were swollen or vasiform, and the other, 


40 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Pterocomma Buckton, in which the cornicles were cylindrical. He 
.. after having further studied the group 
I am of the opinion that such a divsion is illogical, and if a division 


cé 


states in his later paper: 


is necessary each species should form a different genus. It, therefore, 
seems more practical to confine all the species to a single genus.’’ The 
characters of this tribe and genus are as follows: 


Antennae with six segments and reaching near the base of the abdomen. 
Wings normally with venation as in Aphis. Nectaries [cornicles] short, but 
clavate. Cauda short and broadly rounded at the tip as in Lachnini. Entire 
body, antennae, and legs covered with long hairs as in Lachnini. As has already 
been pointed out by Oestlund, this group appears intermediate between the Chaito- 
phorint and the Lachnini. Their habits and actions being in different ways similar 
to both. 


17. Genus Pterocomma Buckton 
Buckton, Monog. Brit. Aphides, vol. 2, p. 143, 1879. Type P. pilosa 
Buckton. 
KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 

1. Cornicles abruptly constricted at distal end, and without a distinct flange 
(fig. 81), the diameter of the opening being less than the diameter of the 

smallest part of the cornicle. Wing veins broad and shaded. 
flocculosa (Weed) 
— Cornicles not so abruptly constricted and with a distinct flange. Wing 
VEINS, MOTMAL | ooo.  Leecercacecgeecntcenacaceee shee Deena ee ae ee 2 
2. Cornicles about twice as long as their greatest diameter ...smithiae (Monell) 
— Cornicles considerably longer than greatest diameter, and longer than hind 
PAT SUS Gece eee eet tee ce Bea no eee populifoliae (Fitch) 


40. Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed) 
Figure 81 


Weed, Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 291, 1891. Melanozanthus (orig. dese.). 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 8, p. 350, 1915 (desc.). 


Records.—Salix sp., Berkeley, March, 1915; 1916 (Essig). 


In his paper on Pterocomma Wilson states that this species does 
not occur on the Pacific Coast. However, in March, 1915, the author 
found it rather abundantly on willow on the campus of the University 
of California in Berkeley. During the 1916 season Essig observed it 
to be quite common in Berkeley. The species is easily recognized in 
life by the white ecottony floceulence covering the colonies on the bark. 


1919 | Swain: ‘A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 41 


41. Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch) 
Figures 82, 83 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 66, 1851. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 300, 1909. Cladobius rufulus n.sp. 
(dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. Cladobius rufulus Dvdn. 
(list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 786, 1912. Melanoxantherium rufulum 
(Dvdn.) (dese.). 

Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 8, p. 353, 1915. Pterocomma populea 
(Kalt.) (desc.). 

Baker, Can. Ent., vol. 48, pp. 280-282, 1916 (desce.). 


Records.—Salia sp.; Stanford University (Davidson); Santa Paula (Hssig) ; 
Walnut Creek, March, 1915 (Davidson); Grossmont, San Diego County, March, 
1916; Lakeside, San Diego County, April, 1916; Stanford University, May, 1912 
(Morrison); Populus sp.; Stanford University (Davidson); Palo Alto, March, 
1915; Populus caroliniana, Banning, Riverside County, April, 1917. 


This is a widely distributed species in California on various species 
of poplars and willows. Davidson first found it in 1909, describing 
it as a new species. In 1915 Wilson stated that it was synonymous 
with P. populea (Kalt.), but specimens sent him by the author he 
determined as P. bicolor (Oestlund). According to his paper the 
eornicles of populea (Kalt.) are about equal in length to the hind 
tarsi. Californian specimens have the cornicles considerably longer 
than the hind tarsi, but not twice as long as he states they are in 
bicolor (Oestlund). His figures of the antennae show that in populea 
VI base and spur are subequal, and in bicolor the spur is considerably 
longer than the base. The latter is true for the Californian species. 
His color notes of populea fit the Californian species very well. Baker 
identified Aphis populifoliae Fitch as a Pterocomma and_ places 
rufulus (Davidson) as a synonym. From a study of specimens taken 
in Santa Paula, Grossmont, Lakeside, Stanford University, and Wal- 
nut Creek, the author finds that Baker’s description of populifoliae fits 
this species very well. Below are the measurements in microns of 
four alate specimens, together with the measurements of cornicles, 
antennae, and hind tarsi of one from Lakeside. (This was preserved 
for several months in alcohol before being mounted for study, and had 
shrunk considerably. ) 

An examination of the following table shows that in the California 
specimens the cornicles are always considerably longer than the hind 
tarsi, but never twice as long, and that the spur of six is always longer 
than the base, except in one case. This specimen is considerably 


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1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 43 


smaller than the others and has many more secondary sensoria, being 
a male. From this evidence this species is the same as Baker lists as 
P. populifoliae (Fitch) and should be so considered. The author has 
reared a number of specimens of a species of Aphidius from material 
obtained near Stanford University in May, 1915. 


42. Pterocomma smithiae (Monell) 
Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 32, 1879. Chaitophorus (orig. 


dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 300, 1909. Cladobius salicti (Harris) 
(list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 375, 1910. Cladobius salicti (Harris) 
(list). 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 786, 1912. Melanoxantherium salicti 
(Harris) (list). 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 8, p. 355, 1915 (desce.). 


Records.—Salia spp., Stanford University (Davidson, Morrison). 


Both Davidson and Morrison have taken this species in the vicinity 
of Stanford University on various species of willow. According to 
Wilson, with whom Morrison and Baker agree, this is P. smithiae 
(Monell), the salictt of Harris being synonymous. The sexuales were 
observed by Davidson in October, the eggs hatching in January. 


Tribe Lachnini Del Guercio 
Del Guercio, Redia, vol. 5, 1908. 


This tribe is represented in California by three genera, viz., Hssig- 
ella Del Guercio, Tuberolachnus Mordwilko, and Lachnus Burmeister, 
while there are six genera included in the tribe as it is here considered. 
Following is a brief characterization of the tribe adapted from Mord- 
wilko: 


The body and appendages are very hairy, and usually quite large. The cauda 
is absent, the cornicles cupola-shaped, being black or brown in color. Sometimes 
they are reduced to mere pores or not fully developed [Lachnus taxifolia Swain]. 
The antennae in general are not longer than the head and thorax, six-jointed 
[except in Essigella Del Guercio], with the spur of the sixth segment very short, 
not being as long as the segment itself. The beak is almost always elongated, 
generally reaching to or beyond the middle of the abdomen. All this group possess 
the anatomical peculiarity that the narrowed hind end of the stomach is covered 
with the intestine. The stigma of the fore wing is elongate linear [in Longi- 
stigma Wilson it reached past the tip of the wing (fig. 89)]. The cubitus is twice- 
branched. 


44 University of Californa Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


All the California species with the exception of Tuberolachnus vim- 
nalis (Fonse.), which lives on willow, are found on conifers—Pinus 
sp., Pseudotsuga sp., or Picea sp. 

Following is a key to the genera, adapted from Del Guercio, Wil- 
son and Kssig. In this key are included not only the California 
oenera but the other three as well, in that an understanding of the 
characters is thus made easier. 


1. Antennae six-seomented 4222. .cce rei oes nace pe eae ete te dee ales ceca sor a nee 2 
— Antennae, five-segmented. (figs-S3.) ciceeccceeteccscte- tree Essigella Del Guercio 
2. Stigma exceptionally long, reaching beyond the tip of the wing (fig. 84). 

Longistigma (Wilson) 
— Stigma not exceptionally long, not reaching beyond the tip of the wing 
Gil ae iy rhe ee SES > een A hey x. mals eee en 3 
3. First joint of the hind tarsus much shorter than half the second (fig. 86) .... 4 
— First joint of the hind tarsus equal to or slightly longer than half the second 
Gibeepe VQ) Wrens reese ee  Be tA ene Meine Mees ats oie kG Eulachnus Del Guercio 
4, Abdomen with horn-like tubercle on median dorsum between the cornicles, 
(Sometimes this cannot be made out in specimens mounted in balsam, but 

it is always readily discernible in fresh or alcoholic material). 
Tuberolachmus Mordwilko 


— Abdomen without horn-like tubercle 222. /.0:022. tiene 5 
5. Bases of first and second discoidal close together; third discoidal often very 
faint; wings slightly if ever clouded (fig. 85) .............. Lachnus Burmeister 


— Bases of first and second discoidals not so close together as in Lachnus Burm. ; 
third discoidal plain; wings often darkly clouded ...... Pterochlorus Rondani 


18. Genus Essigella Del Guercio 
Del Guercio, Rev. di patal. veg., vol. 3, p. 328, 1909. Type Lachnus cali- 
fornicus Essig. 
43. Essigella californica (Essig) 
Figures 3, 5, 83 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 1, 1909. Lachnus (orig. desc.). 
Del Guercio, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 73, 1909 (translation by C. F. 
Baker of Del Guercio’s paper listed above). 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773, 1912 (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 780, 1912 (desc.). 


Records.—Pinus radiata; Claremont, Los Angeles County, and Santa Paula 
(Hssig); Pinus sabiniana, Stanford University, March, 1915; Pinus spp., Stan- 
ford University, March and April, 1912 (Morrison); Ontario, San Bernardino 
County, January, 1917. 


This curious little aphid, described by Essig from specimens taken 
in Claremont, Los Angeles County, on Pinus radiata, has since been 
found in several parts of the state. Wilson has taken it in Oregon 
on Pseudotsuga taxifolia, and Patch in Maine on Pinus strobus. It 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 45 


is a small, slender, long-legged aphid, that clings fast to the pine 
needles and is extremely difficult to see. However, if a branch of 
pine is struck sharply and with considerable force over a white paper 
or cloth, a large number of these aphids will jar off. 


19. Genus Tuberolachnus Mordwilko 
Mordwilko, Ann. Mus. Zool. d. 1’Acad. Imp. Sci., vol. 13, p. 374, 1908. 
Type Aphis viminalis Fonsce. 
44. Tuberolachnus viminalis (Fonsc.) 
Figure 86 


Boyer de Fonscolmbe, Ann. Ent. Soe. France, vol. 10, p. 162, 1841. Aphis 
(orig. dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909. Lachnus (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. Lachnus (list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. Lachnus dentatus Le 
Baron (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 774 (772), 1912 (list). 


Records.—Salix spp., Stanford University and Penryn, Placer County (David- 
son); Ventura County (Essig); Stanford University, November, 1914; Berkeley, 
July, 1915; Riverside, July, 1916. 


This extremely large aphid, which lives in large colonies on the 
branches of various species of willows, is found throughout the San 
Francisco Bay region, Sacramento Valley, and southern California, 
although it is not at all common. Davidson reports considerable 
parasitization by a species of Hpherdius, and Essig infection from 
some bacterial or fungus disease. The large size and the presence of 
a dorsal abdominal tubercle are distinguishing characters. 


20. Genus Lachnus Burmeister 
Burmeister, Handbuch d. Entomologie, p. 91, 1835. Type Lachnus faciatus, 
D.Sp. 

This is the third largest genus of aphids in regard to the number 
of species in California. All the species are to be found on various 
conifers, usually feeding through the bark of the branches or trunk. 
Characters for distinguishing the species are hard to obtain, and 
those used by the author in the following key are of no value except 
with specimens of the alate viviparae. This key is not at all adequate, 
and is offered here-merely as an aid. The author understands that 
Wilson is preparing a monograph of this genus, which will undoubt- 
edly prove quite valuable. 


46 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou.3 
i 
Key TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 
1. Beak reaching considerably beyond. the third, coxa ....-.)=...55 eee 2 
— Beak at most barely reaching to the third coxa ....-....-......------c-e-ccccceeceeeeneceedenee 8 
2. Beak reaching almost to or even beyond the tip of the abdomen .................... 3 
— Beak not reaching to the tip of the abdomen 4.122232 4 
3. First joint of hind tarsus more than one-third as long as the second joint. 


<0; 


Legs black except the base of the. femora and a broad ring near the base 
of : the! tibiaeta28. coos, cc. tiers 8 eee ae ee ee ponderosa Williams 
First joint of hind tarsus scarcely more than one-fourth as long as the second 

joint. Legs pale at the base of the femora and tibiae, black at tips. 
oregonensis Wilson 


. Body exceptionally large, being over 4 mm. long, usually about 5 mm., and 


OVOR® Zo Ties WL eee cg age esate eS ye se te ge ease eee 5 
Body of average size, being from 2.5 mm. to 3 mm. long, and from 0.75 to 
V2 syn, wad ©. 2iselso naka as bi oa Sees ee tee Ae ee ee on 


. Third segment of antennae with many sensoria (eight or more), (figs. 88, 


BD) uk p ance ilsiet esac Raa A estas ke eae eee a ace arene Soeerinae atti a 6 
Third joint of antennae with but few or no sensoria, at most with one or two. 
First joint of hind tarsus a little less than half as long as the second. 
On Pinus saDIViGinG ss acces ete ee ee ee sabinianus n.sp. 


. Third joint of antennae with about 8-12 sensoria (fig. 88). Tibiae with a pale 


ring near the base. First joint of hind tarsus scarcely more than one-third 
the lengih ‘of the second. “On.ficea sp. 2... ee vanduzei n.sp. 
Third joint of the antennae with 19-20 sensoria (fig. 89). Tibiae without 
pale ring near base. First joint of hind tarsus almost one-half the length 
of the second. On) Pinusisp. and Abies spine eee ferrisi Swain 


. Beak not reaching to the middle of the abdomen. Segment three of the 


antennae almost as long as the fourth, fifth, and sixth together. Apex 
of stigma meeting the margin of the wing in an acute angle, and not 
terminated by a distinct vein (fig. 92). On Pseudotsuga taxifolia. 
pseudotsugae Wilson 
Beak reaching beyoud the middle of the abdomen. Third antennal segment 
not nearly so long as the fourth, fifth, and sixth together. Apex of stigma 
meeting the wing margin in an obtuse angle, and terminated by a distinct 
vein (fig. 93). Apterous viviparous females with a distinctive pattern on 
dorsum of abdomen. On Thuya occidentalis ........ tujafilinus (Del Guercio) 


. First joint of hind tarsus longer than one-fourth the second ............------------ 10 


First joint of hind tarsus less than one-fourth the second ........-..--.------2-e--1---++ 9 


. Third antennal segment without sensoria (fig. 94). Body robust, being of the 


usual Lachnus shape. Third discoidal twice-branched, only occasionally 
once-branched?. On vA Diess oranda = cet ee occidentalis Davidson 
Third antennal segment with several irregular sensoria (fig. 95). Body long 
and narrow, being somewhat the shape of Essigella californica (Essig). 
Third discoidal simple or once-branched. On Pinus sp. 
pini-radiatae Davidson 
Cornicles very poorly developed, seemingly absent in some eases (fig. 103). 
Segment three of antennae with five-seven large circular sensoria which are 
hardly distinguishable (fig. 106). On Pseudotsuga tazifolia. 
taxifolia Swain 
Cornicles normal (fig. 97), being quite conspicuous. Third antennal segment 
with two-four clearly defined sensoria (fig. 101). On Picea glehni. 
glehnus Essig 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 47 


45. Lachnus ferrisi Swain 
Figures 89, 91 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909. Lachnus abietis Fitch 
(list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. Lachnus abietis Fitch 
(list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773, 1912. Lachnus abietis Fitch (list). 

Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 9, 1918. 


Records.—Abies concolor, Stanford University (Davidson); Pinus sp., Stan- 
ford University (Swain). 


This large lachnid, recently described by the author, has been 
found only in the vicinity of Stanford University, in 1909 and 1910 
by Davidson on lowland fir, and in 1915 by Ferris on some young 
pine trees. Since then it has not been observed. 


46. Lachnus glehnus Essig 
Figures 96, 97 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent. Zool., vol. 7, pp. 180-187, 1915 (orig. dese.). 


Record.—Picea glehni, Sacramento (Essig). 


Essig described this species from specimens taken on a Japanese 
spruce in Capitol Park, Sacramento, in 1912. At the time it was so 
abundant that control measures were deemed necessary. The author 
has had access to the type specimens in Essig’s collection. 


47. Lachnus occidentalis Davidson 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 300, 1909 (orig. dese. apterae). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773, 1912 (list). 

Wilson, Can. Ent., vol. 44, p. 193, 1912 (dese. all forms). 


Records.—Abies grandis, Stanford University (Davidson, Morrison, Ferris 
and the author); Abies concolor, Corvallis, Oregon (Wilson). 


This species is practically always present on a lowland fir tree in 
the cactus garden of the Stanford University grounds. Wilson has 
found it in the vicinity of Corvallis, Oregon, on white fir. Davidson 
states that it is heavily preyed upon by the larvae of Syrphus arcuatus 
and Syrphus opinator. 


48 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


48. Lachnus oregonensis Wilson 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 103, 1915 (orig. desce.). 


Record.—Pinus contorta, Oregon and California (Wilson). 


There has been no published record of this species from California. 
Wilson wrote the author some time ago that he had taken it in this 
state, although he gave no definite locality. The author has never seen 


specimens. 


49. Lachnus pini-radiatae Davidson 
Figure 95 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909 (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910 (list). 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911 (list). 

Kssig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 778, 1912) (lst). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 785, 1912 (descriptive note). 


Records.—Pinus radiata, Stanford University (Davidson), August, 1914, April, 
1915 (author), March, 1916 (K. B. Brown); Pinus ponderosa, Bowman, Placer 
County, November, 1911 (H. H. Bowman), Berkeley, March, 1915 (Geo. Shinji) ; 
Pinus sabiniana, Penryn, Placer County (Davidson). 

This is a fairly small, slender-bodied, long-legged lachnid found 
infesting the needles of various pines in the San Francisco Bay region 
and in the Sacramento Valley. They are easily recognized on the 
needles by the whitish mass of floceulence which covers their bodies. 


50. Lachnus ponderosa Williams 
Figure 104 


Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 106, 1910 (orig. desce.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ, Ent., vol. 7, p. 127, 1914 (list). 


Record.—Pinus ponderosa jeffreyi, Tallac, Eldorado County (Davidson). 


Davidson’s is the only report of this species in California. The 
identification of his specimens was verified by Davis. One specimen 
the author saw was quite small, being much smaller than the others 


taken by Davidson. 


51. Lachnus pseudotsugae Wilson 
Figures 92, 98 
Wilson, Can. Ent., vol. 44, pp. 159, 302, 1912 (orig. dese.). 


Record.—Pseudotsuga taxifolia; Oregon, California (Wilson). 


1919 Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 49 


Wilson wrote the author some time ago that he had taken this 
species in California, although he gave no definite locality or collec- 
tion record. The author has had the opportunity to study cotype 
specimens. 


52. Lachnus sabinianus n.sp. 


Record.—Pinus sabiniana, San Francisco (Compere). 


In March, 1915, Harold Compere of the California State Insectary 
found a small infestation of a species of Lachnus on Digger Pine in 
the Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Since this one collection, the 
Species has not again been observed. Being unable to identify the 
Species with any described in America, a description is herewith 
appended, the species being named after its host plant, Pinus sabin- 
lana. All the specimens, including the types are in the collections 
of HE. O. Essig and of the University of California, Berkeley. The 
specimens were all mounted in Canadian balsam before color notes 
were taken, so those in the following description are only approxi- 
mately correct. | 

Alate viviparous female—Rich chestnut-amber to dark brown. 
Antennal segments I and IJ, amber; III, yellowish with tips darker ; 
IV, V, and VI, dark vellow to dusky. Prothorax, chestnut-brown. 
Thoracic lobes very dark brown to black. Beak, pale with tips dusky. 
Cornicles, black. Cauda and anal plate with distal margins black. 
Femora, chestnut-brown with base amber; tibiae, brown with amber 
ring near the base; tarsi, amber. Wing veins, grayffi stigma, dusky 
eray. 

Measurements: Body 4.2 mm. long and 1.7 mm. wide at thorax. 
Antennae reach to base of abdomen, without secondary sensoria. I, 
ere: l1,-0.09 mm; Lil, 0:50 mm; 1V,°0:25 mm.; V, 0.19 mm.:; 
VI, 0.08 mm.; total, 1.21 mm. Beak reaches to the base of the cor- 
nicles. Cornicles medium sized and of the usual Lachnus shape, 
being 

Apterous viviparous female.—Chestnut-brown in color with black 
dorsal spots on abdomen. Antennal segments I and II, dark; III, 
dusky yellow with tip dark; IV, V, and VI slightly darker. Beak 
reaches to the base of the cornicles. Coxae, black; femora, black with 
basal one-fifth paler; tibiae, black with pale ring near base; tarsi, 
black. Cornicles, black and conspicuous. They measure 5.2 mm. in 
length and 3.3 mm. in width. 


50 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


03. Lachnus taxifolia Swain 
Figures 99-103 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 11, 1918. 


Records.—Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Sacramento (Essig), Berkeley and San Fran- 
cisco (Shinji). 


This is a fairly common species found in colonies on the branches 
and trunks of Douglas fir in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento 
Valley. It is interesting particularly because of the atrophied cor- 
nicles. | 


54. Lachnus tujafilinus (Del Guercio) 
Figures 93, 105 


Del Guercio, Redia, vol. 5, p. 287, 1909. Lachneilla (orig. dese.). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 541, 1911. Lachnus juniperi DeGeer 
(dese. ). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 773, 1912. Lachnus juniperi DeGeer 
(hist). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 127, 1914 (list). 


Records—Thuya occidentalis, Claremont, Santa Paula (Essig); Palo Alto, 
Walnut Creek (Davidson); Stanford University, March, 1912 (Morrison); San 
Diego, March, 1916; Riverside, October, 1916, March, 1917. 


This oddly marked Lachnus is more or less common throughout 
California wherever arborvitae is cultivated. The apterous females 
are the most common, and are easily recognized by the odd markings 
on the dorsum of the abdomen (see Essig’s illustrations). Oceasion- 
ally the alate females are found, Davidson finding some in April, 
Morrison and the author in March. The author has observed the 
larvae of Coccinella californica feeding on them in Riverside. 


dd. Lachnus vanduzei n.sp. 
Figure 88 
Records.—Picea sp., Berkeley, September, 1914 (Essig, E. P., Van Duzee). 


In September, 1914, E. P. Van Duzee collected a few specimens 
of a large Lachnus on a species of spruce.in Strawberry Canyon, near 
Berkeley. Later in the same month Essig found specimens on the 
same tree. The following fall the author hunted for the species, 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 51 


but was unable to find any specimens, the tree on which it was first 
found having been cut down. In the following description the color 
notes are not absolutely accurate, as they were taken from material 
mounted in balsam. This species is named after its first collector, 
Mr. KE. P. Van Duzee, of the University of California. Type speci- 
mens are in the collection of the University of California. 

Alate viviparous female.—The alate viviparous females are of a dark 
muddy color, as near as can be judged from the mounted specimens. 
‘ The antennae are: I and II, dusky; III and IV, pale with apical half 
dusky; V, pale with the apex or apical third dusky; VI, pale with the 
apex and spur dusky. The measurements of the segments are: I, 
oem tl O0i mm. Til, 0.5 mm; TY, 0:26 mm: V,. 0:27 mm. ; 
VI, 0.16 mm. The sensoria are located as follows: III, 10-12; IV, 
2-3; V, 2-3; VI, 1. They are large and circular, and quite evenly 
distributed in a line on each segment. The beak reaches to the base 
of the cauda. The coxae are black, the femora amber on the basal 
half and black on the apical, the tibiae are black with an amber ring 
near the base, the tarsi are black. The first Joint of the hind tarsus 
is not one-third the length of the second, the first measuring 0.08 mm., 
and the second 0.26 mm. The wings are quite large, with a very 
distinct stigma. The costal vein is grayish-brown, the subcostal 
brown. The stigma is long and brown, the stigmal vein being pale 
brown and slightly curved throughout its entire length. The first 
and second discoidals are distinct and pale brown, the second dis- 
eoidal being slightly curved near the tip. The third discoidal is indis- 
tinet and twice-branched, the angles of the branches being very acute. 

Apterous viviparous female.—Prevailing color, amber-brown, with 
the abdomen mottled gray, brown, and black. The head is brown 
with anterior margin amber. The antennae are colored as follows: 
I, amber; IJ, amber; III, amber with tip dusky; IV, amber with tip 
dusky; V, amber with apical two-thirds dusky; VI, dusky. The beak 
reaches to the base of the cauda. The femora are brown with the 
bases amber, the tibiae and tarsi brown. The first jomt of the hind 
tarsus is scarcely more than one-third the length of the second. In 
four tarsi measured, the relative lengths of the joints were: 0.07 to 
0.23 mm.; 0.08 to 0.23 mm.; 0.08 to 0.28 mm.; and 0.07 to 0.25 mm. 
The cornicles are conspicuous and dark, the cauda well rounded and 
dark on its posterior edge. The lengths of the antennal segments are: 
Peo iemm.; Ll) 0,l.mm.;: [IT.0,56-to 0.57 mm. ;, TV, 0.21 to.0.23 mm.; 
V, 0.22 to 0.28 mm.; VI, 0.15 to 0.16 mm. 


ape University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


Group Aphidina Wilson 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 3, p. 314, 1910. 


This group as considered by Wilson consists of three tribes: 
Trichosiphini, Macrosiphini, and Aphidini. The first of these con- 
tains two genera found only in the Asiatic islands, so it will not be 
considered in this paper. This group contains quite closely related 
gvenera, and in many eases it is quite hard to distinguish between 
them. Following is a brief extract from Wilson’s paper (cited above) : 


In studying closely related genera the development of the external characters 
may be placed in five divisions: (1) the antennae and spur; (2) the antennal 
tubercles; (3) the development of the nectaries [cornicles]; (4) the development 
of the cauda; (5) the development of the wing venation. In a group of insects 
as pliable as the present one, any one or two of these characters may be either 
under- or over-developed and it is necessary to place the genera according to the 
greatest development. Of all the characters which show this variation the wings 
show what may be true of all these characters. 


The two tribes have been separated from one another on the character 
of the antennal tubercles, as Wilson says in the same paper: 


The division is made between species with distinct antennal tubercles and 
those having none or at the most indistinct tubercles. However, should a certain 
species have distinct antennal tubercles with the other characters [of the Macro- 
siphini| wanting, then it would have to go into the next tribe [Aphidint]. 


The keys to the tribes and genera below have been formulated by the 
author, following, however, those of Wilson, Van der Goot, and 
Mordwilko. 


1, Antennal tubercles well formed. Antennae usually as long as or longer than 
the body. Apterae often with sensoria on the third antennal segment. 
Body never with lateral tubercles on the seventh abdominal segment. Cor- 
nicles variable but usually about one-fourth the length of the body or 
Ravi ¥4 <5 sap maine ch ees kha eS a eae (Ai EE, Re ag Jn pe cena! Tribe Macrosiphini 
— Antennal tubercles absent or more or less indistinct. Antennae seldom longer 
than the body. Apterae seldom with sensoria on the third antennal seg- 
ment. Body with lateral tubercles on at least the seventh abdominal seg- 
TO OTN ooo scc le nak toe sas ap eRe eee rere on en Tribe Aphidini 


Tribe Macrosiphini Wilson 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 3, p. 314, 1910. 


To a large extent the author has followed Wilson in the placing 
of the genera, but in a few eases he has not. This is noticeable in 
Toxoptera, which is considered by Wilson as belonging to this tribe, 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California D3 


while the author feels that it is better associated with the Aphidini, 
inasmuch as the antennal tubercles are very small and more or less 
indistinct and as the antennae are scarcely as long as the body. Van 
der Goot’s genus, Wyzaphis, has been accepted for the two species, 
Myzus rosarum (Walker) and Aphis abietina Walker, and is included 
with the Aphidini. The species Aphis nymphaeae Linn., which Wil- 
son uses as the type of Rhopalosiphum, has been taken from this genus 
and placed in Siphocoryne, chiefly because of the apparent absence 
of antennal tubercles and of the presence of distinct tubercles on the 
seventh abdominal segment. Therefore Aphis persicae Sulzer takes 
the place as type of the genus Rhopalosiphum. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIA GENERA 


1. Cornicles cylindrical, or at most but very slightly swollen on one side (figs. 

Lay AEs ath Fg Fda sect ie ae IE sce oP "iam Mee SIN ae ar ERR Uest A Sentee 2 CG etn tea oe a 4 

— Cornicles distinctly swollen toward apex, or clavate (figs. 109, 113, 119) -..... 2 

2. Antennal tubercles very large and tapering but not gibbous on the inner side; 
the bases of the antennae being more or less approximate (fig. 107). 

Nectarosiphon Schouteden 

— Antennal tubercles distinct, but not large and tapering as above, being more 

or less toothed or gibbous on the inner side; the bases of the antennae not 

ohagdt@e ene > AE eg ge ILM Love lis OU ey lear ek ee ie ees de 2 ee oar cae teehee) es ae ae 3 

3. Antennal tubercles short and wedge-shaped, the outer side not evident (fig. 

108). Cauda ensiform and of medium size. Antennae at most but slightly 

IEE Teme TT ee BIN AL Yea er ca act na sean anf ns fukt on cceceeen ee Rhopalosiphum Koch 

— Antennal tubercles short, but not wedge-shaped (fig. 111). Antennae con- 

siderable longer than the body. Cauda very large and long. 
Amphorophora Buckton 
4, Antennal tubercles large and as long on the outer as on the inner side (fig. 


CAS ol Ne See eS UN plat a le ne aa eee See ASR e Bene Ret A 
— Antennal tubercles with outer side shorter than inner, or not evident (figs. 112, 
Tay GINS 2 a0 Eo ae Daa Seta eee: So UE ee De oe eee cea a eR dT RY 7 


5. Cornicles tapering, longer than cauda which is ensiform (fig. 152). Wing 
| venation regular, with third discoidal twice-branched. 

Macrosiphum Passerini 

— Cornicles and cauda variable. Wing venation irregular and very striking with 

Weis elLnere wating OF Combined, ANd, SNAG ..c.csoe eco ese et cea et eee east ee 6 

6. Antennal tubercles with short upper inner angle. Cauda shorter than cornicles 

and tapering. Stigmal and third discoidal veins meet in a broad dark 

band, giving the wing the appearance of having a closed triangular cell 

Rigo aL 0) Renee gets eto pe Aes eee En cada c noqe sven sacensnecudnaS-nocgeonmeas Taz Idiopterus Davis 

—— Antennal tubercles with small rounded tubercle at the upper inner angle. 

Cornicles slightly constricted in the middle and at the tip. Wing venation 

variable, but usually the stigmal and third discoidal veins are partly 

joined and form a distinct, closed, four-sided cell -...... Pentalonia Coquerel 

7. Antennal tubercles and first antennal segment with a strong tooth on the 

inner side of each (figs. 115, 116). Cauda short and tapering (fig. 118). 
Cornicles cylindrical and tapering slightly with tip outeurved (fig. 117). 

Rhorodon Passerini 


54 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


— Antennal tubercles with a distinct but not prominent blunt projection forming 
the inner angle (fig. 112), but the prominent teeth as above are lacking. 
Cauda short, tapering, and usually triangular (fig. 121). Cornicles as 
above, being cylindrical, with a slight tapering from base to apex, and 
often slighily ontcurvedsat tip (ota ) yee ren eee Myzus Passerini 


21. Genus Amphorophora Buckton 
Buckton, Monog. Brit. Aphides, 1876. Type A. ampullata n.sp. 
KEY TO CALIFORNIAN SPECIES? 


Cornicles pale, or at most slightly dusky, swollen and vasiform (fig. 113). VI 


spur longer than III, the latter with 35-45 sensoria ..................-.--. rubi (Kalt.) 
Cornicles black, greatly dilated in apical one-half (fig. 161). VI spur shorter 
than? JIT, latter withe13—l7csensorine..= 2.2.2 ee latysiphon Davidson 


o6. Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
Figure 161 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 408, 1912 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Vinca major, San Jose (Davidson) ; Courtland, Contra Costa County 
(Davidson) ; Stanford University, 1912 (Morrison, Essig). Convolvulus arvensis, 
San Jose (Davidson). Solanum tuberosum, Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, 
1915 (Davidson). 


This species has been found sparingly in the San Francisco Bay 
region on periwinkle, morning-glory, and potato tubers, although it 
has never seemed to be common. The author has not collected it, his’ 
only specimens being some taken by Essig on periwinkle near Stan- 
ford University. The odd shape of the cornicles is a distinguishing 
character. 


57. Amphorophora rubi Kalt. 
Figures 111, 113, 162 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 23, 1843. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 411, 1912 (list). 
Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 52, 1917 (list). 


Records.—Rubus parviflorus ; San Jose (Davidson): Rubus spp., Walnut Creek, 
1915 (Davidson) ; Berkeley (Shinji). 


This species has been taken a few times on thimble-berry in the 
San Francisco Bay region. Davidson writes that he has also found 
it on blackberry and loganberry in the vicinity of Walnut Creek, 


9G. O. Shinji (Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 51, 1917) described an aphid from Ciculta 
virosa var. californica in Berkeley, which he called Amphorophora cicutae n.sp. 
The author has never seen specimens, so does not feel that he can recognize this 
as a good species. Of some half dozen new (?) species described by Shinji the 
author has found none, on examining specimens, that are good species, hence he 
cannot recognize this one at present. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 55 


Contra Costa County. The author has recently received specimens 
from Gillette of an alate viviparous female and apterous oviparous 
females taken in the vicinity of Fort Collins, Colorado. Inasmuch as 
the descriptions of this species are inadequate and not readily acces- 
sible it has been thought best to give here brief descriptions of the 
different forms. As no color notes were received with the specimens 
they must necessarily be omitted. 

Alate viviparous female (from Fort Collins, Colorado).—Antennae 
half as long again as the body, dusky, and placed on small but distinct 
tubercles. From the mounted material it appears as if III were 
dusky, IV, pale with extreme tip dusky; V, pale with apical one-third 
dusky; and VI dusky. VI spur is the longest segment, followed by 
III, IV, V, VI base, I, and II. The usual primary and accessory 
sensoria are present on VI base, and the primary sensorium on V. 
Secondary sensoria are present only on III. These are small, cireular, 
irregular-sized, and irregularly placed along the whole length of. the 
segment. The number (85 to 40) is such as to make the segment 
appear tuberculate. The beak is quite large and long, reaching to or 
slightly beyond the third coxae. The thorax is dusky. The wings 
fairly large, and normal. The second branch of the third discoidal 
vein arises nearer to the base of the first branch than to the apex of 
the wing. Normally the measurements are as follows: From the base 
of the second branch of the third discoidal to the tip of the wing is 
about 0.8 mm., from the base of the first branch to the base of the 
second 0.4 mm., from the apex of the first branch to the apex of the 
second 0.29 mm. In one ease the base of the second branch was 1.02 
mm. from the apex of the wing, and but 0.034 mm. from the base of 
the second, while the apices of the two branches were but 0.187 mm. 
apart. The legs are long, femora pale with apical one-fourth dusky, 
tibiae and tarsi dusky. The abdomen is pale with some slight dorsal 
dark markings, these being indistinct in the mounted specimens. The 
cornicles are fairly long, clavate on the apical one-half or two-thirds, 
dusky throughout, and with the extreme tip reticulated. In length 
they are somewhat shorter than III, but longer than IV. The cauda 
is pale, short, and triangular, being about equal in length to the 
hind tarsi. 

Measurements: body length, 1.785 mm.; antennae total, 2.788 mm. ; 
III, 0.68 mm.; IV, 0.51 mm.; V, 0.408 to 0.425 mm.; VI, base, 0.12 
mm.; VI, spur, 0.867 to 0.884 mm.; cornicles, 0.578 to 0.646 mm.; 
eauda, 0.102 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.102 mm.; wing length, 3.128 mm.; 
width, 1.292 mm.; expansion, 6.8 mm. ; 


56 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL.3 


Apterous oviparous female (Fort Collins, Colorado).—Pale 
throughout, with many small hairs scattered over the body. Most 
of these hairs are simple, but some especially on the front of the head 
and on the bases of the antennae, are capitate. Antennae slightly 
longer than the body, pale, with VI and the apices of the other seg- 
ments dusky. VI spur and III are subequal or either one may be 
slightly longer than the other. These are followed by IV, V, VI base, 
I, and II. The usual primary and accessory sensoria are present on 
VI base, and the primary sensorium of V. Secondary sensoria are 
present only on III, and number about nine or ten. These are small, 
circular, but varying in size, and are arranged in a more or less 
even line along the basal one-half to two-thirds of the segment. Beak 
pale, with tip dusky, quite large and long, reaching to or beyond the 
third coxae. Thorax and legs normal, except the hind tibiae which 
are quite long, and furnished with a large number of sensoria. 
These sensoria cover practically the whole joint. Cornicle very long 
and large, curved outward, pale, with apex dusky, and with distinct 
reticulations at the extreme tip. They are markedly larger than in 
the alate viviparous females, being considerably longer than the third 
antennal segment, and in some cases even half as long again. The 
cauda is small, pale, and triangular, although somewhat larger in the 
viviparous female. | 

Measurements: body length, 2.04 mm.; width of thorax, 0.595 mm. ; 
antennae total, 2.446 mm.; III, 0.646 to 0.697 mm.; IV, 0.442 to 0.459 
mm.; V, 0.356 to 0.8374 mm.; VI, base, 0.1836 mm.; VI, spur, 0.663 mm. ; 
cornicles, 0.918 to 0.952 mm.; cauda, 0.187 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.186 mm. 


22. Genus Idiopterus Davis 
Davis, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 2, p. 198, 1909. Type, I. neprelepidis n.sp. 
58. Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis 
Figure 110 


Davis, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 2, p. 198, 1909 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 538, 1911 (list). 


Records.—Nephrolepis exaltata, Santa Paula (Essig), Palo Alto, April, 1915, 
San Diego, March to May, 1916; Riverside, February, 1917: Cyrtonium fulcotum, 
Berkeley, March, 1915 (Essig) ; ferns (unidentified species of house ferns), Stan- 
ford University (Davidson, Morrison); Viola sp., Claremont ( Essig’). 


This small black aphid is often found in houses and nurseries, and 
occasionally out of doors, on the fronds of various kinds of house 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of Califorma 57 


ferns, particularly the Boston fern. Essig has also found it on violets 
in the vicinity of Pomona College. The alate females have the wings 
beautifully marked with black and white. 


Or 


jor) 


~ 


oO 


10. 


Lt: 


12. 


13. 


14. 


23. Genus Macrosiphum Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. Type Aphis rosae Linn. 
Key TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 


Alate viviparous females 


. Cornicles slightly clavate on one side, somewhat as in Rhopalosiphum. 
tulipae (Monell) 
SE GHEE OS eR Cel Ags a8 Cee Dole 2 Lal 8 ef dina ee Be ce ae pene Ue 2 
mllicas long-as Vand VI (base and. Spur ) scssecc-fisce ene ann tse sonchella (Monell) 
en ee a OM OL CO LE Gl OL Vr eee ate e hy ee eye re Retest ech ana e arte 3 
Me ey BLY sd Views TLC VL CLUS Ye tor aoc ecm ect nana aes coe sieb<ocenaceee jasminum (Clarke) 


Not so; if IV, V, and VI are dusky then III is also, except perhaps the base; 
or if III is pale throughout then at least the greater part of IV and V are 


MT TUE AMES pe sh Sot iy, AME RR eh IO aL A, ee UN Ell ATEN) cope CONEY AMA PE OND MOO MER 4 

. VI (base and spur) shorter than III, but V and VI together are longer than 
VOR papas ut lt led 2 a OY 208 Te EN ree On tes lee at baccharadis (Clarke) 
PermnmraeNaTuien UL) Ot shOrcers Lantis ELT s ey re ieee a tcuai nen teacaetetedcandecneos 5 


. Secondary sensoria on III, IV, and V. Cornicles not reticulated. 


heucherae (Oestlund) 


MRIS Ely CE UNISU EVER SCOT) GEV reeset tide ha een a vcs Pa ana a tte aa aa adycde cdot ae toe Aa eeEE ee 6 
. Secondary sensoria on both III and IV. Cornicles with tips at least reticulated 
LEPC, VU boi soa sculatetins, feallah ig Rha SAA, PSE ety bie Tit nee Sale Me ees ie Ss Ae NONE, Ook Be 7 

Me OC OILLE PEC USOT Ltt OL UVic 5g useacterse se ce cs 2s ae uatinen Alsi nabaea ees aastace = ienaeqedaicets 10 
. Cornicles and cauda subequal in length, the former being more or less bottle- 
SALES UT Teh h eh a Re 8 Ry 9 tle IME Sh Vcr Rs Re Nn ne ole Va sanborni Gillette 
OPER Se INP SE gh 8 TE ee ga Te ae a Aa dP a ed i le Alle OD Baht 8 
. Cauda light green. Secondary sensoria only occasionally present on IV and 
tee TR eee eet ATLL) RTCIS LILO Gc togsce toa rera= anda satya raha icare ape een rosae (Linn.) 
Cauda dark (brown or black). Seven or more distinct secondary sensoria 
LD. LSE neste es gna Slag de pics ciel elie MA les ey Sc Pie alc ae oe sags saci Moaled ey 6 Ropes Oe Bene 9 


. Body with capitate setae, especially on head and antennae. 


artemisiae (Fonsc.) 
Body without capitate setae. Abdomen with dark dorsal markings. 
lactucae (Kalt.) 


Coruicles with at least tips reticulated (fig. 1321-0 coc ccccccencteeensncceescanenssnenee 14 
PC UMMLCea Ww eetO -TOLICUALOMs (11. LOG )Pac, ct see ees cessed seer tatwiced nw eotetee ET, 
PeCc yaw L ean -SNa nied ~SOtA eG Suse. otc cl sateeetnereeceeceess, artemisicola (Williams) 
Body without fan-shaped setae ..........---...---.----00---- ENG Palisa Sete ey BPR 12 
istalerwo-Luiros7or .cornicies. black oo. 05. 22a ce. o ens orthocarpus (Dvdn.) 
BUTE Nea TEAC LOE NDE Ro kop da cae tag av actand tang sean taa sh cmp acter ee daten rete Bat kar eens 13 
Cornicles long and slender. About 18 secondary sensoria in a row on III 

Cileg” UISTVR Pes 3s 28 1 ZINES Soc ee JOR eee tener tee Rms Se ae Meee pisi (Kalt.) 
Cornicles shorter and heavier. About 25 to 30 sensoria scattered irregularly 

PM SHES ANRITSU TER, EG A) ely ECE Re aae asl ent atest comers te dirhodum (Walker) 
Cornicles with more than apical one-half reticulate (fig. 149). 


ludovicianae (Oestlund) 
Cornicles with less than apical one-half reticulated (fig. 128) -..............-.-.... 15 


58 


15. 


16. 


iv; 


18. 


University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 
Cornicles dusky for practically their entire length -....................2-.-:cc--ces-ceecseees 20 
Cornicles with less than apical one-half dusky ................-..c.-csscseess-esccsseecceeeees 16 
Cornicles considerably longer than III, with apical portion curved outward. 


About a dozen, medium-sized sensoria in a straight line along basal two- 
GHITde Ol cL LLC ee) te eee rere eet eee californicum (Clarke) 
Cornicles not: considerably longer. than IUD 21 on o2 ecscceceepeeeee ee iW 
Cornicles and VI spur subequal, the former fairly long, slightly curved 
outward and slightly swollen before the tip (fig. 128) -....... stanleyi Wilson 
Cornicles considerably shorter than VI spur, and not'swollen before the tip 18 
Secondary sensoria in a fairly straight line on III. Body not pulverulent 19 
Body covered with a slight pulverulence. III with about 30 fairly large- 

sized sensoria, more or less scattered along the entire length (fig. 143). 
albifrons Essig 


19. Cornicles about half the length of VI spur and considerably shorter than III, 
the latter with about 20 to 30 secondary sensoria ................-- pteridis Wilson 

— Cornicles about two-thirds as long as VI spur and slightly shorter than III, 
the latter with about 15 sensoria (fig. 133) -........-...... cucurbitae (Thomas) 

20. Ground or basal ‘color of abdomen preeny 22223 oie ee 21 
— Ground or basal color of abdomen red, brown, or black ........--......222-------s00--00-- 24 
21. Cornicles green, sometimes dusky at apex 2... solanifolii (Ashmead) 
——  Gornicles  blagks Ut Ota ake Me eee ce omnre eee saccades ddadeeebonee st datnal teeter enn 22 
22. III with a small number (9-15) of secondary sensoria on basal one-half 
(ig so) sony er ethan Vibes pines es meter eee ease granarium (Kirby) 

— III with some 30 or more sensoria scattered along its entire length (figs, 151, 
159); subequal to or shorter than V1 spur 2.12220 ee 23 

23. Cornicles and III subequal. Tibiae with apices only dusky ........ rosae (Linn.) 


Cornicles longer than III. Tibiae dusky throughout. 
rudbeckiae (Fitch) n.var. madia 


24, Cauda pales soc. ccctiaecs cocendhccyausacisanscanaeseorsdsenksosnana ohana tas eReteR te eamee aes ane 25 
—— Cauda: (us y) sues sce aap ce cate cEs Beds oe aches edt ce cap eee ee ean nee ee 27 
253. TLD and Viiv spur eu bee cee 2 cca eaten tan ee een a rosae (Linn.) 
— LIT shorter, than) VD Spt oo ecs eo cccecenvccgpesnckse serene reese cee aee eee eee ee 26 
26. Cauda about one-half as long as cornicles, the latter shorter than IV. 


27. 


28. 


chrysanthemi (Oestlund) 
Cauda slightly more than one-half as long as cornicles, the latter equal to or 


Tonpercthan. cE Y .505.52102 cots ates! days case Re gh te Neg es eca eee ea ee sae rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
ITT and. Vio spur subequal nrc n sete rcesaneceeS, onc teeeceeeegane ee thence 28 
TY Jonger: than oViI Msp ces oy cece tee teen ee eee taraxici (Kalt.) 
Body yellowish-brown in color; legs same except tarsi and tips of tibiae and 

femoraAvhich rare) dusky) to) DLACK cae ee ee valerianae (Clarke) 


Body dark reddish-brown to black in color; legs dusky throughout. 
ambrosiae (Thomas) 


Apterous viviparous females1o 


. Cornicles clavate on one side, somewhat as in Rhopalosiphum. 


tulipae (Monell) 
Cornicles not so, bemp) cylindrical or sub¢yimdrical. 2 ee 2 


10 Only the species of which there are specimens available to the author, or of 


which there are adequate descriptions, are included in this key. The species rep- 
resented in the author’s collection are marked with an asterisk (*). The author 
recognizes the great difficulty in separating the apterae of various species, par- 
ticularly in this genus, and offers this key merely as a slight aid toward the recog- 
nition of the better known species. 


1919] Swan: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 59 


2. III without or at most with only a few secondary sensoria (0-12) -............. 11 
— III with several (over 12) secondary sensoria scattered along the greater part 
COE BCE Sa Vg 8 Oe og alae ak eee Wa A ae nA RO ee eats. gphat Mare Si SA he a ea te IE 3 

3. Cornicles short and tapering, being somewhat bottle-shaped and not distinctly 
Srey Va op ary Wr Ou Wit CCG Bees Ep Reed eta abana San sanborni Gillette* 
Cornicles normal, being cylindrical and considerably longer than the cauda 4 

Ope ulvand 1 V¥- With. S6CONdAryY | SENSOTIA) 227 22cdseccsscecesp-ceecsecpeets heucherae (Oestlund) 
MAY MENVI CHO DEMO COTINALY (OUST IG eect cons oes cesar san scady cnn eee etresetnate Cott ee eiac eect vans 5 


General color lighter, usually being a shade of green ..............---.---::c--ecseeceeeeees 8 

. Cauda black. Legs black, except the bases of the femora ......taraxici (Kalt.) 

Cauda pale. Legs with'at least the bases of the femora and tibiae not black 7 

. Legs green, except tarsi and apices of femora and tibiae. Cauda not more than 

half the length of the cornicles. Not more than ten to twelve sensoria on 

RS Were Suh a ire Cae 6 IB G) Reet paren ytls oe batle Wier vedi yun Wipesne ee rosae (Linn.)* 

— Legs black, except bases of femora and tibiae, which are light brown. Cauda 

more than half the length of the cornicles. A considerable number of 
sensoria scattered over more than the basal one-half of III. 

rudbeckiae (Fitch) * 

8. Cornicles subequal to or shorter than III. Body covered with a whitish pul- 

PRM RRECEGe LA a etal aa, LE MOCO Vian pally IRL Repeal Stee 0 yO hae bee Sa nee 9 

— Cornicles distinctly longer than III. Body without whitish pulverulence .... 10 


a 
5. General body color dark, being red, wine, brown or black ........22....20...------00--+: 6 
6 
1 


9. Cornicles, except tip, and cauda green; the former subequal in length to III 
AndesuOlpehWwice as long sas Cauda... eto seca albifrons Hssig* 
— Cornicles black, cauda yellow or light brown; the former considerably shorter 
than III and not twice as long as cauda .............-.- ludovicianae (Oestlund) * 
10. Cauda quite broad and blunt at end. Cornicles with not more than apical one- 
ce Sg lh args kegel EW Les Ok as Se Nan a SAE 8 eee a eR oleic ae ee es ee rosae (Linn.)* 

— Cauda slender and pointed. Cornicles with apical one-fourth reticulated. 
rudbeckiae (Fitch) n.var. madia* 


11. Body covered with capitate or fan-shaped setae ............-.--------sc---ceee-eeeeececeecees 12 
RESULT OU DL SIOCIA LITO (NOTES 022 scose.scee ctecens bene. need tha cannes hei een 14 
12. Setae with fan-shaped tips and thickly covering the body. Cornicles slender 

and imbricated for their entire length .................... artemisicola (Williams) * 
-——  Wetae capitate and only sparsely covering body -...-.....---2--..---2.c2-------ne-eneceeeonte 13 


13. Cornicles fairly stout, with tips reticulated, and about twice as long as cauda. 
artemisiae (Fonsc.) 
— Cornicles slender, with no reticulations, and considerably more than twice the 


Bearer IMRT a V1 ik CHUL Sen cee ena pte ade ca teen ate Game Cace ver anek=t= pteridis Wilson 
merarricidawitntipspat least reticulated 2.08 2 cst a ccs 16 
BER ITIC LOS Ws PTO TOULCIIA TAOTIR on. cssesdennntucsettatraes erence tltiwer eB oh apeeatnd ce sdaanssvocecvesaen 15 


15. Cornicles very long and slender. Antennae considerably longer than body. 
. pisi (Kalt.)* 
— Cornicles shorter and heavier. Antennae at most but slightly longer than 


VYATGL S34 Bp 22 SUE I ie nero ne EO ed dirhodum (Walker) * 
PemiOrnicieneco (he Most. Part GUSKY OF ‘D1ACK .-oo20.22-tssceqensrae cee demeesarenpanedaeesenesesats 17 
RUE UE eR TOR LAY ALG SOL GET COIL nnn as sasesgateueasnneuncenssmaer rasutdv4pnyscouctanSduasarhrpoumsesaccrencs 19 
iW ornicles;and IIT subequal. Body not’ pulverulent 2.1.2 on eccnetannnsaeee 18 


— Cornicles considerably shorter than III. Body more or less pulverulent. 
ludovicianae (Oestlund)* 


4 


60 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


18. III with but two or four sensoria near base; longer than VI spur. 
granarium (Kirby)* 
— III with six or so sensoria on basal one-half; shorter than or equal to VI 


-) 0] SeenON ean ae peel RINE epeies RNa wee eR CR Lette ab as he bs ed 2 rosae (Linn.)* 
19,. Cornicles: longer ethan. UBD cera aoc cce eg beetoecee cess ere ee a 20 
—: Cornicles: at :most subequal to CLT cco eee oes ocd ceee oneal 21 
20. Antennae pale, except VI and the apices of III to V. Cornicles slightly 
swollen ‘near ‘Cistal. end 2 -cst. ee e ee e stanleyi Wilson* 
— Antennae dusky, except III, basal part of IV, and perhaps the extreme base 
of V. Cornicles long, slender, and out-curved ........ californicum (Clarke) * 
21. Cauda broad, and blunt, with the sides almost parallel and about half as long 
AS. COTTICIOS oo a acqs os tcesete Te et ee ice eee ee lactucae (Kalt.)* 
— Cauda slender-pointed, and more than half as long as cauda....................... 22 
22 V lospur angel iis subequal oe oc cde eee ee eee solanifolii (Ashmead) * 
— VI spur considerably longer than ITI .................... hes ed cucurbitae (Thomas) * 


59. Macrosiphum albifrons Hssig 
Figures 143, 144 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909. Macrosiphum sp. (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 543, 1911 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Lupinus sp., Santa Paula (Essig); Stanford University (Davidson) ; 
Jasper Ridge, Coast Range Mountains, Santa Clara County, April, 1912 (V. G. 
Stevens); Berkeley, April, 1915 (Geo. Shinji); Mount Hood, Oregon, August, 
1916 (HE. A. McGregor). 


This large, flocculent aphid is found occasionally infesting various 
lupines throughout the Pacific Coast, from southern California north, 
well into Oregon. The author has specimens from Berkeley and 
Oregon, although he has never collected it himself. 


60. Macrosiphum ambrosiae (Thomas) ? 


Thomas, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2, p. 4, 1878. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 
Sanborn, Kans. Univ. Sci., Bull. 3, p. 74, 1904 (dese.). 


Records.—Helianthus annuus; Orange (T. D. A. Cockerell); San Diego, April, 
1916. 


In 1915 the author received a few specimens of this species from 
T. D. A. Cockerell from Orange, and in 1916 he collected it once on 
sunflower in Exposition Park, San Diego. At first it was thought to 
be M. sonchi (Linn.), and was so reported by Cockerell. Since then 
it was identified by J. J. Davis as probably M. ambrosiae (Thomas). 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 61 


61. Macrosiphum artemisiae (Fonsc.) 
Figures 142, 145 


Boyer de Fonscolmbe, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 10, p. 162, 1841. Aphis 
(orig. dese.). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 546, 1911. Macrosiphum frigidae (Oest.) 
(dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 133, 1914. Macrosiphum frigidae 
(Oest.) (list). 

Wilson, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., vol. 41, p. 97, 1915 (dese.). 


Kecords.—Artemisia californica; Santa Paula (Essig); Walnut Creek, Contra 
Costa County (Davidson). 


Occasionally this species is found infesting the tender shoots of 
the common California sage brush. It is characterized by the presence 
of capitate hairs scattered sparsely over the body, particularly of the 
apterous female. The synonomy above is after Wilson, who lists 
M. frigidae (Oestlund) as a synonym of artemisiae (Fonse.). 


62. Macrosiphum artemisicola (Williams) 
Figures 146, 147 


Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 73, 1910. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 41, p. 96, 1915 (desc.). 


Records.—Artemisia tridentata, A. vulgaris; Oregon (California) (Wilson). 


Although there is no published record of the presence of this 
species in California it is included here on Wilson’s authority. He 
stated to the author that he had found it in California, although he 
failed to give any date or locality record. This is characterized by 
the fan-shaped setae which thickly cover the body of the apterae, and 
which are present on the ventral side of the abdomen of the alates. 
The author has specimens taken by R. W. Haegele in the summer of 
1915 on Artemisia sp. near Canton, Montana. 


63. Macrosiphum baccharadis (Clarke) 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 254, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. dese.). 
Record.—Baccharis sp., Berkeley (Clarke). 


This species is one of those described by Clarke, but since then 
unknown. It is possible that it is M. rudbeckiae (Fitch), which is so 
common on Baccharis throughout California. 


62 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


64. Macrosiphum californicum (Clarke) | 
Figures 131, 132 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 254, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. dese. apterae). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910 (list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 548, 1911. M. laevigatae, n.sp. (orig. 
dese. ). 


Records.—Salix sp.; Newcastle, Placer County (Clarke); Stanford University 
and Penryn, Placer County (Davidson); Stanford University, November, 1914 
(Morrison), May, 1915; Berkeley, April, 1915 (Shinji); August, 1915, Salix 
laevigata; Santa Paula (Essig); Riverside, May, 1917. 


Clarke described the apterous females of a species of Nectarophora 
(Macrosiphum) from specimens taken on willow in Placer County. 
Because of the extremely long cornicles it is possible to identify this 
with specimens taken since throughout the San Francisco Bay region 
on various species of willows. Essig’s M. laevigatae from Santa 
Paula is the same species, having been compared by the author with 
specimens from Stanford University and Berkeley. Morrison has 
taken the males and oviparous females of this species in the vicinity 
of Stanford University in November, 1914. The author has reared 
specimens of Aphidius polygonaphis Fitch, and Praon simulans Prov. 
from this species taken in Berkeley. 


65. Macrosiphum chrysanthemi (Oest.) 


Oestlund, 14th Rep. Geol. Surv. Minn., vol. 22, 1886. Sitphonophora (orig. 


dese. ). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 411, 1912 (list). 


Record.—Undetermined species of Compositae; Courtland (Davidson). 


This is a doubtful species taken by Davidson at one time from an 
undetermined composite near Courtland. The author is entirely 
unacquainted with the species. 


66. Macrosiphum cucurbitae (Thos.) 
Figures 133, 134 


Thomas, 8th Ann. Rep. Illinois St. Ent., p. 66, 1879. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 


Record.—Cucurbita sp., Hayward, Alameda County, July, 1915 (Roy E. Camp- 
bell) ; Los Angeles, May, 1917. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 63 


In July, 1915, Roy E. Campbell of the Bureau of Entomology, 
sent the author specimens of a Macrosiphum sp. from squash in Hay- 
ward. In 1917 the author found the same species abundantly on 
squash in Los Angeles. These the author identified as being specimens 
of M. cucurbitae (Thomas). Later J. J. Davis verified the deter- 
mination. This is a new record for California. As the available 
descriptions of this species are quite inadequate, the author gives 
herewith a few descriptive notes taken from these specimens. 

Alate vwiparous female.—Antennae longer than the body, placed 
on distinct frontal tubercles, dusky except I, II, and extreme base 
of III. The spur of VI is the longest segment, followed by III, which 
is about four-fifths as long. IV and V are subequal, and almost as 
long as III. The usual primary and accessory sensoria are present 
on V and VI. Secondary sensoria are present on III (fig. 183), being 
small, circular, numbering about 14 to 15, and arranged in a fairly 
even row along the whole length of the segment. Beak pale with 
dusky tip, reaching to the second coxae. Thorax and abdomen green, 
the thoracic lobes not conspicuously darkened. Cornicles (fig. 134) 
green with apical one-third dusky, equal to or slightly longer than 
III, imbricated with tip reticulated. Cauda large, pale, vasiform, 
slightly more than half the length of the cornicles, reaching to their 
apices. Wings and legs normal. 

Measurements: Body length, 2.38 mm.; antennae total, 3.25 to 3.35 
mm.; III, 0.685 to 0.714 mm.; IV, 0.629 to 0.646 mm.; V, 0.603 to 
0.612 mm.; VI, base, 0.186 to 0.1538 mm.; VI, spur, 0.935 to 0.696 mm. ; 
cornicles, 0.714 to 0.731 mm.; cauda, 0.408 mm. 


67. Macrosiphum dirhodum (Walker) 
Figures 156, 157 


Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist., (2), vol. 3, p. 43, 1848. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Theobald, Jour. Econ. Biol., vol. 8, p. 128, 1913 (desce.). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 268, 1914 (note). 

Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 103, 1915 (note). 


Record.—Rose, Santa Ysabel (3000 feet altitude), San Diego County, May, 
1916; Riverside, April, 1917. 


The author found this species sparingly on rose near Santa Ysabel, 
San Diego County, in May, 1916, and again in April, 1917, in River- 
side. According to Gillette, this species passes the winter on rose, 
and the summer on various grains and grasses, as M. rosae (Linn.) 


64 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


may do. These are the only records of it in California. The author 
has compared it with specimens taken by R. W. Doane in 1915 on 
grain in Utah. 


68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
Figures 135, 148 


Kirby, Linn. Soc. Trans., vol. 4, p. 238, Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 411, 1912 (list). 

Theobald, Jour. Econ. Biol., vol. 8, p. 58, 1913 (desce.). 

Davidson, Mon. Bull., Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 6, p. 65, 1917 (note). 


Records.—Graminaceae (various species); San Jose (Davidson); Stanford 
University, January to May, 1915; Berkeley, March, 1915: Typha latifolia 
(Davidson). 


This is a more or less common species of Macrostphum on various 
grains and grasses in the San Francisco Bay region during the winter 
and spring. In late spring and early summer, as the grasses begin 
to dry out, it leaves them for the eat-tail rush or California tule 
(Davidson, 1917). In the late fall or early winter it returns to the 
grains and grasses, where it passes the winter in the viviparous forms. 


69. Macrosiphum heucherae (Thomas) 


Thomas, 8th Ann. Rep. [llinois St. Ent., p. 66, 1879. Siphonophora (orig. 
desc. ). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 427, 1915 (desc.). 


Record.—Heuchera thartwegi, Redwood Canyon, Contra Costa County (David- 
son). 

In the latter part of May, 1914, Davidson found all the forms, 
including the apterous and alate viviparous females, the apterous 
oviparous females, the alate males, and eggs on the flower stalks of 
alum root in Contra Costa County. Since his description no record 
has been made concerning the species. The author is unacquainted 
with it, having never seen specimens. 


70. Macrosiphum jasmini (Clarke) 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. desc.). 
Record.—Jessamine, Berkeley (Clarke). 


Since Clarke’s description of the apterous viviparous females of 
this species it has never been found. Its identity is, therefore, un- 
known to the author. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 65 


71. Macrosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 199, 1857. Nectarophora (orig. 
dese. ). 

Sanderson, Can. Ent., vol. 33, p. 69, 1901. Nectarophora (dese.). 

Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ., Entom., vol. 1, p. 328, 1917 (list). 


Record.—Cicorium intybus, Rutherford, Napa County, 1916 (Essig). 


This species has been taken only by Essig on chicory in Napa 
County during June, 1916. As its determination is doubtful the 
author gives herewith a brief description of the alate female. 

Body pale to green, with the following parts more or less dusky: 
head, antennae, prothorax, thoracic lobes, apex of beak, tarsi, apical 
one-fifth to one-fourth tibiae, apical one-half femora, cornicles, anal 
plate, marginal spots on the abdominal segments, submarginal spots 
of the second and third abdominal segments, dorsal bands on the 
fourth and fifth, and the dorsum of the remaining abdominal seg- 
ments. Eyes red. 

The antennal tubercles are prominent and project rectangularly 
inward. A prominent frontal tubercle is present on the apex. The 
antennae are about half as long again as the body. The usual primary 
and accessory sensoria are present. On III there are from thirty-five 
to forty-five circular secondary sensoria; on IV from five to fifteen 
secondary sensoria. ‘These two segments appear tuberculate. The 
beak reaches beyond the second coxae. The cornicles are longer than 
the cauda, and subequal in length to the fourth antennal segment. 
They are subeylindrical and fairly stout. The cauda is long and ensi- 
form, reaching to the tip of the cornicles. The wings and venation 
are normal. 

Measurements (of three specimens): Body length, 1.836 to 1.955 
mm.; width of thorax, 0.765 to 0.833 mm.; antennae, total, 2.805 to 
2.992 mm.; III, 0.680 to 0.697 mm.; IV, 0.441 to 0.527 mm.; V, 0.391 
070.425 mm; VI, base 0.085 to 0.119 mm.; VI, spur 0.952 to-1.105 
mm.; cornicles, 0.441 to 0.493 mm.; cauda, 0.288 to 0.272 mm.; hind 
tarsi, 0.136 to 0.153 mm.; wing, length, 3.145 to 3.315 mm.; width, 
0.952 to 1.1389 mm. ; expansion, 7.36 to 7.87 mm. 


72. Macrosiphum ludovicianae (Oestund) 
Figures 136, 148 
Oestlund, Minn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 14, p. 23, 1886. Siphonophora 
(orig. dese.). 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 136, 1914 (list). 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., vol. 12, p. 98, 1015 (dese.). 


66 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Records.—Artemisia heterophylla; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County (David- 
son), Berkeley, 1915 (Shinji); Artemisia dracunculoides, Convolvulus sp., Stachys 
bullata, Berkeley, 1915 (Shinji). 


This species is quite common in the San Francisco Bay region on 
various species of sagebrush. George Shinji has taken it also on hedge- 
nettle and bindweed in Berkeley. It is distinguished from other sage- 
infesting species of Macrosiphum by the fact that the body of the 
apterous females 1s covered with pointed setae as opposed to the fan- 
shaped setae of M. artemisicola (Williams), and the capitate setae 
of M. artemisiae (Fonsce.). 


73. Macrosiphum orthocarpus Davidson 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910 (list). 


Record.—Orthocarpus purpurascens; Stanford University (Davidson). 


Since Davidson found the specimens on owl-clover from which he 
described this species, it has not again been taken. 


74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Figures 130, 150 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 23, 1843. Aphis (orig. desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 2, p. 336, 1910. Nectarophora (desce.). 

Branigan, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 285, 1915. M. destruc- 
tor (Johnson) (list). 

Davis, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bull. 276, p. 11, 1915 (list). 


Records.—Pisum sativum; Claremont, Santa Ana, and Ventura (Essig); Ala- 
meda County (Brannigan); El Cajon, San Diego County, May, 1916: Lathyrus 
odoratus; Stanford University (Davidson, Morrison); San Diego, October, 1916: 
Viola sp.; Claremont, Santa Ana, Ventura (Essig); Medicago sp.; Holtville, 
Imperial County (V. L. Wildermuth): Psorales macrostachya; Santa Paula 
(Essig). 


The pea aphis is quite common throughout the state, especially on 
ovarden and sweet peas. It has been taken a few times on other plants, 
such as alfalfa, violets, and leather-root, but it is uncommon. This 
species is readily distinguished by its bright, shining green color, large 
size, and long, slender, imbricated, but non-reticulated cornicles. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 67 


75. Macrosiphum pteridis Wilson 
Figures 317, 318 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soce., vol. 41, p. 101, 1915 (orig. desce.). 

Records.—Pteris aquilina; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, 1915 (David- 
son). 

This species has been found by Davidson on the fronds of common 
brake in the San Francisco Bay region. Wilson reported it as present 
throughout southern and western Oregon. There are a few specimens 
of the alate females in the author’s collection, received from Davidson. 


76. Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) 
Figures 106, 151, 152 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. vol. 4, p. 73, 1735. Aphis (orig. desce.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 254, 1903. Nectarophora (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910 (list). 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 5, p. 550, 1911 (dese.). 

Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 398, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Rose; through California from Humboldt County south to San Diego 
County (Clarke, Davidson, Morrison, Essig, Ferris, Shinji, the author). 


This is the common pink and green aphid of roses, known the 
world over. The apterae are found most abundantly in the late win- 
ter and early spring on the buds and stems of rose. As the alates are 
matured they fly away, supposedly either to other rose bushes or to 
various grains and grasses. This past spring (1917) it has been very 
abundant in the vicinity of Riverside, but the previous spring (1916) 
in San Diego it was rare. There the most abundant rose aphis was 
Myzaphis rosarum (Walker). 


77. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 66, 1851. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 400, 1911. Aphis (desc.).11 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 137, 1914 (list). 


Records.—Ambrosia psilostachya; Santa Paula (Essig); Baccharis viminalis ; 
Santa Paula (Essig), Riverside, September, 1916; Dipsacus fullonum; San Jose 
(Davidson): Helianthus annuus; Riverside, September, 1916; Salix sp.; Chrysan- 
themum; Arlington, Riverside County, September, 1916; undetermined species of 
Compositae ; Redwood Canyon, Contra Costa County, July, 1914 (R. W. Haegele). 


11In the drawings accompanying this description by Essig the following mis- 
takes are noticeable: the third discoidal vein of the forewings is twice-branched 
instead of once-branched, and the third antenal segment of the apterous female 
bears several secondary sensoria instead of none, as figured. 


68 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


This reddish-colored Macrosiphum is distributed abundantly 
through the San Francisco Bay region and southern California on 
various Compositae. In one ease the author found it doing consider- 
able damage to chrysanthemums by stunting and distorting the buds. 
Once he found it infesting the tender leaves and stalks of willow. 
The author reared specimens of Diaretus rapae Curt. from an infesta- 
tion of this species taken on willow. 


77a. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) var. madia n.var. 
Figures 153, 154 


In September, 1915, the author found a species of Macrosiphum 
infesting the heads of tarweed (Madia sativa) on the campus of the 
University of California, Berkeley. Specimens of Praon simulans 
Prao. were reared from this collection. Mounted specimens are almost 
identical with M. rudbeckiae (Fitch), but in life they differ in the 
coloration. Because of this it has been thought best to deseribe it 
herewith as a color variety of M. rudbeckiae, naming the variety. 
madia, after its host plant. 

Host: Madia sativa. Date: September 12, 1915. 

Locality: Berkeley, California. Collection number: AFS 70-15. 

Alate viviparous female.—Prevailing color: dark-green, slightly 
pruinose. Head brownish (fuscous), about as long as broad, with 
distinct antennal tubercles. Antennae black, except I and II and the 
base of III, which are concolorous with the head. The spur is slightly 
longer than III; IV is next in length, followed by V, VI, and I, which 
are subequal, and II, which is the shortest segment. The spur is about 
six times as long as the base of VI. The usual primary sensoria are 
present on V and VI, and the usual accessory sensoria on VI. IV is 
without sensoria, III has 25-85 irregularly arranged, various-sized 
secondary sensoria placed along the whole length of the segment 
(fig. 154). The thorax is fuscous; the prothorax with rather distinct 
lateral tubercles. The beak is slightly dusky with the apical one-third 
black, reaching to the second coxae. The abdomen is greenish with a 
slight pulverulence, making it appear pruinose. The cornicles are 
long, shghtly tapering, black except the basal one-third, which is 
concolorous with the abdomen, apical one-fifth reticulate (fig. 153). 
The cauda is long and pointed, pale (slightly reddish?), about one- 
half as long as the eornicles. The legs are black except the basal half 
of the femora and the coxae, which are greenish. The wings and 
venation are normal. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 69 


Measurements: Body length (exclusive of cauda), 2.11 mm.; width 
of thorax, 0.91 mm. Antennae: total, 2.07 mm.; I, 0.12 mm.; II, 
0.09 mm.; III, 0.76 mm.; IV, 0.55 mm.; V, 0.47 mm.; VI, 0.12 mm.; 


] 


spur, 0.78 mm. ; cornicles, 0.91 mm.; cauda, 0.45 mm.; beak, 0.89 mm. ; 
hind tarsus, 0.14 mm. Wing: length, 3.6 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.; 
expansion, 8.11 mm. 


78. Macrosiphum sanborni Gillette 
Figures 141, 155 


Sanborn, Kans. Univ., Sci. Bull. 3, p. 73, 1904. Macrosiphum chrysanthemi 
(dese. ala. vivi.). 
Gillette, Can. Ent., vol. 11, p. 65, 1908 (orig. dese. apt. vivi.). 


Records.—Chrysanthemum; Stanford University, May, 1915; Riverside, March, 
1917. 


Twice has the author found this species: once a small infestation 
in the greenhouse of Stanford University, and once abundantly out 
of doors in Riverside. It is an interesting species in that it does not 
fit well into any known genus. Except for the cornicles it fits Macro- 
stphum and has been so considered. The cornicles are, however, short, 
being scarcely longer than the cauda, and are somewhat bottle-shaped, 
being considerably smaller at the apex than at the base. 


79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Figures 137-140, 159-160 


Ashmead, Can. Ent., vol. 12, p. 91, 1881. Siphonophora (orig. dese.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. Nectarophora citrifolii (Ashmead) 
(list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 31, p. 380, 1910. Macrosiphum citrifoli 
(Ashmead) (list). ; 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 592, 1911. Macrosiphum citrifolii (Ash- 
mead) (dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 411, 1912 (list). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 242, 1915 (desc.). 


Records.—Citrus sp.; Azusa, Los Angeles County (Clarke); Lindsey, Tulare 
County (Clarke); Santa Paula (Essig); Disporum hookeri; Berkeley, May, 1915 
(Shinji): Solanum nigrum; Stanford University, October, 1916 (Ferris): Fuchsia 
sp.; Berkeley, July, 1915: Sonchus asper and S. oleraceus; Stanford University, 
February, 1915: apple; Stanford University, May, 1915; El Cajon, San Diego 
County, July, 1916: Atriplex sp.; Berkeley, September, 1915: Ozalis corniculata, 
Riverside, February, 1917: Deinandra fasciculata, Riverside, February, 1917: 
Erodium moschatum; Pasadena, April, 1917 (R. E. Campbell); Riverside, April, 
1917. 


70 University of California Publications in Entomology lV? 


72 


This *‘pink and green aphid of potato’’ is distributed throughout 
California on a large variety of plants. It is recognizable by the long 
reticulated cornicles and black antennae. When the author first exam-_ 
ined specimens of Macrosiphum citrifolu (Ashmead) in Essig’s collee- 
tion he was struck with its resemblance to this species. In fact, after 
considerable study he could not find any constant differences. This was 
in 1915 in Berkeley. This past spring (1917) he had the opportunity 
in Riverside of making some transfer tests with specimens from oxalis. 
Migrants were placed under muslin bags on sucker growth of orange. 
It was observed that these settled there readily and produced young, 
demonstrating that the citrus species is the same as the other. On 
the strength of this Macrosiphum citrifoli (Ashmead) is listed as a 
synonym of this species. 


80. Macrosiphum sonchella (Monell) ? 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 21, 1879. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. Nectarophora (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 380, 1910 (list). 


Records.—Sonchus sp.; Berkeley, Newcastle, and Palo Alto (Clarke); Stan- 
ford University (Davidson). 


According to Morrison the species listed as this by Davidson is 
not Macrosiphum sonchella (Monell), although he cannot say what 
it is. Consequently Clarke probably referred to the same species as 
did Davidson. As the author has never seen specimens he can nsake 
no statement as to its identity, so lists it as it has been heretofore. 


81. Macrosiphum stanleyi Wilson 
Figures 128, 158 
Wilson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, January, 1915 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Sambucus callicarpa californica; Berkeley, June, 1915. 


From the early part of June, 1915, until the middle: of August, 
this species was very abundant on an elderberry tree in the Botanical 
Gardens of the University of California. By the latter part of August 
all specimens had disappeared. Since then the author has never seen 
the species. J.J. Davis kindly identified these specimens. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 71 


82. Macrosiphum taraxici (Kalt.) 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 30, 1748. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Theobald, Jour. Econ. Biol., vol. 7, p. 77, 1913 (desce.). 


Record.—Taraxacum officinale ; California (Wilson). 


H. F. Wilson stated to the author that he had taken this species 
on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in California, although he gave 
no date or locality record. 


83. Macrosiphum tulipae (Monell) 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 19, 1879. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910 (list). 


Records.—Tulipa sp.; Stanford University (Davidson); Liriodendron sp.; 
Berkeley, 1915 (Essig, Shinji). 

This species is not known to the author. It has been found on 
tulips and on the tulip trees in the San Francisco Bay region by 
Davidson, Essig, and Shinji. 


84. Macrosiphum valerianae (Clarke) 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 253, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. desc.). 
Record.—Valeriana officinialis; Berkeley (Clarke). 


In 1903 Clarke described this species from specimens taken on 
helotrope in Berkeley. Since then it has not again been found. 


24. Genus Myzus Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. Type Aphis ribes Linnaeus. 


This genus is very closely related to Rhopalosiphum Koch, the 
principal difference being in the shape of the cornicles. However, 
some species fall easily into one or the other genus, depending entirely 
upon what form one has. In this respect Rhopalosiphum persicae 
(Sulz.) is particularly noticeable, the spring migrants having the 
clavate cornicles of Rhopalosiphum, the fall migrants having the 
eylindrical cornicles of Myzus. The author has followed Van der 
Goot in taking out of this genus M. rosarum (Walker) and placing it 
in the genus Myzaphis v.d.G. The antennal tubercles are lacking, 
thus placing the species in the Aphidini instead of the Macrosiphini. 
There are at present ten species of Myzus known to occur in Califor- 
nia. Following is a key to them: 


i2 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 
KEY TO THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES 
Alate vwiparous females 
1, Secondary sensoria: present om ELT only Porson cece esce eee ee 5 
— Secondary sensoria present on other segments as well as on III ...............-..--. 2 
2. Secondary sensoria om! LET) TV, amd Vo ik ice c ce eeeee 3 
— Secondary sensoria on III and IV, none on V ...............----- fragaefolii Cockerell 
3. Cornicles dusky for entire length’ 72202 eee cynosbati (Oestlund) 
-——. Cornicles «mostly» palemsc 20 i en eee 4 
4. Thoracic lobes distinctly darker than general body color, being black or dark 


DEO ae See eee Se ee aquilegia Essig 
Thoracie lobes at most only slightly darker than body, being a pale brown. 
braggii Gillette 


5.. Body. blacks throu gion Ges sccs sete ote eee ere nate eee cerasi (Fabricius) 
— Body ‘not *black. throuzhowt 2.222.222 ora acta nce ee 6 
6.. Cornicles pale. except at. extreme ‘tip 2022522. if 
—~. Gornicles with more than tip dusky 2.:2-223.1-0 5-22 ek eee 8 
7. VI spur longer than III, the latter with but 9 to 12 sensoria. 


varians Davidson 
VI spur at most equal to III, the latter with 18 to 26 sensoria. 
lycopersici (Clarke) 


8.. Cornicles longer than either LV Or) Vac. ce-eente eee {oct tlasalateipaain el ean 10 
—  Cornicles-not longer than either’ ITV or V 2-2c.-202 cote nea ceen ete 9 
9. VI spurslonger than’ tos ae ee ee circumflexum (Buckton) 
<< Vio spur ishorterc than LILY 2 aes er eee eee ribifolii Davidson 
10. TEDL with) 15 to) 25-sensoria, \ (0 ecul 78 en oe eens rhamni (Fonsc.) 
— STD with but.9/to dl 2esensoria ceo... tec ee varians Davidson 


Apterous viviparous female 


1. Body. covered with capitate “baits 2s.2o22o asics eee cee ree 2 

— Body not covered with capitate hairs except on head and antennae ................ 5 
2.. Secondary “sensorias on LUD 2... 5g ceepentceee ee eee 3 
—— No secondary sensoria on IUD o.oo tcc cca: cseeeteenee cetera eee ee a 
5. Gornicles Saas kk yor: on est see reece lee ee ee ribifolii Davidson 
—_OCornicles pale exGeptatipin. 20 ose see tee ee eee ee ee aquilegiae Essig 
4. Cornicles almost twice as long as III. Body fairly large sized. 


braggii Gillette 
Cornicles but slightly longer than III. Body small sized. 
fragaefolii Cockerell 


5.. Secondary. ‘sensoria = oT UL ei serene cst ncpe cere eet oe ee 6 
—' No secondary sensoriavon: UL eee eee eee eet ee ee 7 
6. VI spur longer than III. Several sensoria scattered along the whole length 


OD LIU toe os 0 aac s tae an eee cynosbati (Oestlund) 
VI spur at most equal to III. Only a few (1-3) sensoria at base of III. 
lycopersici (Clarke) 


7. III longer than cornicles. Dorsum of abdomen with dusky markings, shaped 

somewhat as*ahorseshoe 2722. o eee eee circumflexum (Buckton) 

— III at most equal to cornicles. Abdomen not marked as above ................-..-.--- 8 
S.. Body black thro ag nou cer cyt eterestet een ree ee tener cerasi (Fabricius) 

— / Body: not® black througout 2827 .0.225cicoserencracetssesreconetsvncnessent sins tg ea iercatnes ae 9 
9. \VL. spur almost twice:as long asell Dee eek eee varians Davidson 


Vispur but-slightly longer thang 2 ee ee rhamni (Fonsc.) 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 13. 


85. Myzus aquilegiae Essig 
Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p. 49, 1917. Myzus sp. (list). 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, p. 314, 1917 (orig. desce.). 


Records.—Aquilegia truncata; Berkeley, 1916 (Essig): A. vulgare, Inverness, 
Marin County (Shinji). 


This species was recently described by Essig from specimens found 
on columbine on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. 
The author has had access to cotype specimens, although he has never 
collected it himself. 


86. Myzus braggii Gillette 
Figure 176 


Gillette, Can. Ent., vol. 11, p. 17, 1908 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 409, 1912. Phorodon carduinum 
(Walker) (list). 


Records.—Cynara scolymus; Courtland, Oakland, and San Jose (Davidson) ; 
Riverside, January and February, 1917. 


The author found this species during the early spring of 1917 
infesting the leaves of artichoke in Riverside. The determination of 
specimens was verified by C. P. Gillette. Davidson reported Phorodon 
carduinum (Walker) from artichoke in the San Francisco Bay region. 
His specimens were determined by J. Monell, but P. Van der Goot 
was doubtful as to its identity. Davidson himself has decided that 
the species is Myzus braggw Gillette. There is no doubt but that the 
species on artichoke in California is M. braggw Gillette, but whether 
or not this is the same as P. cardwinum (Walker) is uncertain. 


87. Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) 
Figures 112, 121, 122, 179, 307 


Fabricius, Syst. Nat., p. 734. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903 (list). 

Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 362, 1908 (desc.). 

Newman, Mon. Bull. Calif. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 446, 1915 (list). 
Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 49, 1917 (list). 


Records.—Prunus cerasi; Susanville, Lassen County (Newman); Berkeley, 
1914, 1915, and 1916 (Essig, Shinji); Riverside, 1914 (Sharp); Fresno, June, 
1915: Prunus domestica; Berkeley (Clarke). 


74 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


The black cherry aphis is found occasionally throughout Califor- 
nia, but seldom in large enough numbers to be injurious. It infests 
the terminal leaves of cherry, and sometimes other species of Prunus, 
causing them to curl to a certain extent. Eggs are laid in the late fall 
and early winter in the crevices of the bark and near the bases of the 
buds. These hatch the following spring about the time the buds are 
opening. The first few generations consist entirely of apterous 
females. In the early summer the alate females appear, and con- 
tinue to do so in each succeeding generation until fall. In fact, after 
the first of July, or thereabouts, the majority of the lice produced 
are alate until the sexes appear in the fall. The first alate females 
taken by the author were on June 7, 1915. However, on April 25, 
1916, Essig found a few alate females in Berkeley. In August, 1914, 
the apterae were also found in Berkeley. 

Van der Goot makes this species out of the genus Myzus, using it 
as the type of his genus Myzoides. The author is inclined to follow 
him inasmuch as this is quite different from other members of this 
genus, approaching Aphis in its robust form and separated from 
that only by the length of the cornicles and presence of antennal 
tubercles. However, it has so long been considered as a species of 
Myzus that it is best to leave it so. It is not a good policy usually to 
form a new genus for one species, especially when it has for so long 
been considered as a member of another genus. 


88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Figure 175 


Buckton, Monog. Brit. Aphides, vol. 1, p. 130, 1875. Siphonophora (orig. 
dese. ). 

Gillette, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p. 19, 1908. WM. vincae, n.sp. (desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 380, 1910. M. vincae Gill. (list). 

Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 49, 1917 (list). 


Record.—Vinca major; Stanford University (Davidson, Morrison), Berkeley, 
1915 (Shinji), Los Angeles, March, 1917; Aesculus californicus, Alopecurus 
pratensis, Asparagus, spp., Ceanothus sp., Cerastium viscosum, Cheiranthus chieri, 
Cyrtonium falcatum, Digitalis purpurea, Fuchsia sp., Gladiolus sp., Plantago sp., 
Senecio mikanioides, Sisymbrium sp., Solanum spp., Stachys bullata, Tropaeolum 
sp., Symphoricarpus racemosus; Berkeley, 1915, 1916 (Essig, Shinji): Viola tri- 
color; Stanford University, March, 1915; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig, Shinji): 
Richardia africana; Pomona, 1909 (Essig); Stanford University, March, 1915; 
Berkeley, March, 1915 (Essig) ;-San Diego, May, 1916; Los Angeles, March, 1917. 


This very common aphid is found in the spring on a large variety 
of host plants throughout California. At times it may become so 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 19 


abundant as to cause some considerable damage to its host. On March 
4, 1917, the author observed it on periwinkle in Los Angeles in such 
numbers as to stunt the flowers and to cause all the plants to appear 
black and sticky. The apterae of this species are readily recognized 
by the black horseshoe-shaped marking on the dorsum of the abdomen. 


89. Myzus cynosbati (Oestlund) 


Oestlund, Minn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. 4, p. 81, 1887. Nectaro- 
phora (orig. dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 294, 1917 (note). 

Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 49, 1917. M. ribis (Linn.) (list). 


Records.—Ribes vulgare; Walnut Creek (Davidson); Ribes glutinosum, R. 
menziesii; Berkeley, April, 1915 (Shinji). 

This species has been taken but a few times in the San Francisco 
Bay region; once on cultivated red currant in company with Aphis 
neomexicana pacifica, onee on wild flowering currant, and once on 
wild canyon gooseberry. Furthermore, only the sexapura (migrants) 
and sexuales have been taken. Davidson writes that this is true . 
cynosbati of Oestlund and not the species described by Davis (Ann. 
Ent. Soe. Am., vol. 2, p. 38, 1909), as Macrosiphum cynosbati (Oest.), 
which is not that species but some other. Shinji listed M. ribis 
(Linn.), but his specimens prove to be the sexuales of this species. 


90. Myzus fragaefolii Cockerell 
Figure 177 


Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. 33, p. 101, 1901 (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 135, 1914 (dese. sexuales). 


Records.—Fragaria chiloensis; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County (David- 
son); Berkeley, March to September, 1915; Palo Alto, April, 1915; Ontario, 
April, 1917; Buena Park, Orange County, May, 1917 (R. K. Bishop); Santa 
Barbara, May, 1917; Rialto, San Bernardino County, May, 1917 (A. B. Snow): 
F,, californicus; Pine Hills, San Diego County, June, 1916. 


On the under side of the leaves of native and cultivated straw- 
berries this small yellowish aphid is often found, both in the San 
Francisco Bay region and in southern California. Seldom does it 
become abundant, although several records of its abundance were 
received from various parts of the south during the spring of 1917. 
Several growers have thought it bad enough to spray for it. During 
the late winter (January and February) the sexuales appear and 
the eggs are laid. These hatch in a short time, and during the rest 
of the year the alate and apterous viviparae are found. 


76 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


91. Myzus lycopersici (Clarke) 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 253, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. desc.). 
Davis, Can. Ent., vol. 46, p. 123, 1914 (desce.). 


Record.—Lycopersicum esculentum; Berkéley (Clarke). 


Only once has this species been found in California. Davis in 
1914 described a species from tomato in Idaho, Montana, and Oregon 
which he believed to be this one. It may be, and it may not be so. 
That can never be decided for the types of Clarke’s species are all lost. 


92. Myzus rhamni (Clarke) 
Figure 178 


Clarke, Can Ent., vol. 35, p. 254, 1903. Nectarophora (orig. desce.). 
Shinji, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 49, 1917. M. rhamni (Boyer) (list). 


Records.—Rhamnus californicus; Berkeley (Clarke), Berkeley, March, 1915 
(Shinji). 

In March, 1915, George Shinji took a species of Myzus from coffee- 
berry in Berkeley. This fits Clarke’s description of Nectarophora 
rhamni, in so far as the description goes. The author considers it to 
be the same species as deseribed by Clarke, inasmuch as it was collected 
in the same locality and on the same host plant. 

Wilson (Can. Ent., vol. 44, p. 156, 1912) describes a species from 
Rhamnus purshiana in Oregon as M. rhamm (Boyer), listing Clarke’s 
species aS a Synonym. This is the same species as taken by Shinji 
in Berkeley, but it is doubtful if it is the species described by Boyer 
de Fonscolombe. Specimens in the author’s collection from Rhamnus 
in Colorado are determined by Gillette and Bragg to be Aphis rhamm 
Fonse. These are certainly different from the coast species, the former 
being an Aphis closely related to A. ewonomw Fabr., the latter a 
Myzus. From this evidence the author cannot follow Wilson in 
placing Nectarophora rhammi Clarke as a synonym of Aphis rhamn 
Fonse., considering both as Myzus, but he considers them as distinct, 
Clarke’s species being a Myzus, Fonscolombe’s an Aphis. 


93. Myzus ribifolii Davidson 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 294, 1917 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Ribes glutinosum; Redwood Canyon, Contra Costa County (David- 
son). 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California “1 


Davidson recently described all forms of this species from speci- 
mens taken during March, April, and May, 1913, 1914, and 1915, on 
wild flowering currant in Redwood Canyon, Contra Costa County. 
The author is unacquainted with the species. 


94. Myzus varians Davidson 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 409, 1912 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Clematis ligusticifolia ; San Jose (Davidson). 


Davidson found this species on the under side of the leaves of 
wild clematis, or Yerbade chivato, near San Jose, and later in Walnut 
Creek, Contra Costa County. The author is unacquainted with the 
species. 


25. Genus Nectarosiphon Schouteden 


Schouteden, Aphidologische Notizen, Leipzig, 1901. Type Macrosiphum 
rubicola Oestlund, n.n. for Macrosiphum Oestlund, preoccupied. 


Key TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 
1. Body quite large, being about 3 to 4 mm. in length. Wings with dusky spot 


CSSD LAN, soe 8 ep RR S09 PEER een PRUE Ge PC rubicola (Oestlund) 
— Body not so large, being only about 1.5 mm. long. Wings without dusky spot 
La SSC Dae aa eat ea Je SA ie sec ME Ne toc morrisoni Swain 


95. Nectarosiphon rubicola (Oestlund) 
Figures 107, 109, 123 


Oestlund, Minn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 14, p. 27, 1886. Macrosiphum 
(orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 136, 1914. Amphorophora (list). 


Records.—Rubus nutkanus ; Contra Costa County (Davidson) ; Berkeley (Essig, 
Shinji). 

This species is sometimes found infesting the tender leaves and 
shoots of thimbleberry in the San Francisco Bay region. The most 
distinctive character which readily separates it from Amphorophora 
rubr (Kalt.) is the presence of a dusky patch near the tip of the fore- 
wing. This was originally described by Oestlund as the type of his 
genus Macrosiphum. However, this name was preoccupied by Macro- 
stiphum Passerini, so Schouteden proposed the name Nectarosiphon 
for this genus. Davidson lsted this species as Amphorophora, and 
Morrison writes that he has never been able to satisfy himself why 


78 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


this is not Amphorophora instead of Nectarosiphon. There is con- 
siderable difference in the antennal tubercles of this species and 
species of Amphorophora, although otherwise they are quite similar. 
The author believes that slight as the difference is it should be recog- 
nized for it is through the shape.and size of the antennal tubercles 
that the different genera of the Macrosiphini are recognized in a 
large part. In this species the tubercles are large and distinct and 
neither gibbous nor toothed on the inner side, and with the outer side 
quite evident, while in Amphorophora they are small and distinctly 
toothed on the inner side, with the outer side a mere line, or not at 
all evident. 


96. Nectarosiphon morrisoni Swain 
Figures 124 to 127 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 8, 1918. 


Records.—Cupressus macrocarpa; San Francisco (Compere, Morrison), San 
Diego (Swain): C. gwadalupensis ; San Diego (Swain). 


In Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, and in Exposition Park, San 
Diego, this species has been taken on cypress. The small, slender, 
long-legged apterae are found infesting the terminal leaves of the 
host. Occasionally an alate female is seen. In San Diego, the apterae 
were found in company with Cerosipha cupresst Swain. 


26. Genus Pentalonia Coquerel 


Coquerel, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 7, p. 239, 1860. Type P. nigro- 
Nervosa D.Sp. 


97. Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel 


Coquerel, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 7, p. 239, 1860 (orig. desc.). 
Wilson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 346, 1909 (desce.). 


Record.—Pelargonium sp.; Stanford University (Morrison). 


The following note concerning this species is from Morrison: 

Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel. See Wilson, Jour. Econ. Ent., 1909. In 
the Davidson collection (belonging to Stanford University) there is a single 
glycerine jelly mount of this species. I have been able to see enough of it to be 
certain of its identity with that described by Wilson in the Journal (above). The 
record is from geranium, and Davidson once told me that he found it in alcohol 
in the laboratory [of Stanford University] at the time he began his study of the 
Aphididae. I believe the record should be published. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 79 


27. Genus Phorodon Passerini 
Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. Type P. hwmuli Schr. 


No attempt has been made to formulate a key to the California 
species of this genus, owing to the fact that the author has specimens 
of but one species, and that the description of the other is quite inade- 
quate. Four species have been reported from this state, two of which 
prove to be species of other genera and one of which is very doubtful. 
Phorodon cardwinum (Walker) as reported by Davidson, is Myzus 
braggt Gillette. Phorodon galeopsidis (Kaltenbach), also reported by 
Davidson, is Rhopalosiphum hippophoaes Koch. There is much 
diversity of opinion concerning the specific determination of these 
species and of Myzus elaeagni Del Guercio. One might refer to Gil- 
lette’s paper on Rhopalosiphum hippophoaes Koch and Myzus braggiu 
Gillette. Davis writes that he is not prepared to be quoted. Davidson 
lists P.-galeopsidis and R. hippophoaes as synonyms. He states that 
his specimens listed as P. carduinum Walker were determined by 
Monell, but that Van der Goot is doubtful, while he himself believes 
them to be M. braggiu Gillette. He has been followed in so lsting 
them. This then leaves but two species reported from California. 


98. Phorodon humuli (Schrank) 
Figures 115 to 118 


Schrank, Fauna Boiea, vol. 2, p. 110, 1801-02. Aphis (orig. dese.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903 (list). 

Clarke, Calif. Agri. Exp. Sta., Bull. 160, 1904 (econ.). 

Parker, U. 8. Dept. Agri., Bull. 111, 1913 (econ.). 

Vosler, Mon. Bull., Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 2, p. 668, 1913 (list). 


Records —Humulus spp.; Berkeley (Clarke); Placer County (Vosler); Berke- 
ley, July to September, 1915: Prunus domestica; Berkeley, March to April, 1915 
(Essig, Shinji); (Parker). 


This is the common hop plant louse found throughout the central 
part of the state. During the summer it is common on hops, but in 
the fall the sexupara migrate to plum, where the eggs are laid. These 
egos hatch the following spring into stem mothers which feed on the 
opening buds of plum. During later generations, probably about the 
third or fourth, alate fundatrigeniae appear, which leave the plum 
and migrate to hop. Here the summer generations are produced until 
well into the fall. Parker states that the normal life cycle is as just 
stated, but that it is also possible, and it occasionally occurs, that this 


80 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


aphid may live the entire year upon hops, or on plum, generation after 
generation of parthenogenetic females being produced. 


99. Phorodon scrophulariae Thomas 


Thomas, Ann. Rep. Ill. St. Ent., vol. 8, p. 72, 1879 (orig. desc.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903 (list). 


Record.—Scrophularia sp., Berkeley (Clarke). 


This is a doubtful species, reported by Clarke as present on 
Scrophularia in Berkeley, and by Dr. Thomas in 1879 on a species 
of plant which he thought to be Scrophularia in Illinois. Since 
Clarke’s record it has never been found, although Morrison states 
that he has spent considerable time examining the common Scrophu- 
laria plants in the vicinity of Stanford University, but to no avail. 
The author attempted to find it many times in the vicinity of San 
Diego during 1916, and in the vicinity of Riverside in 1917, with no 
success. 


28. Genus Rhopalosiphum Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenliuse, p. 23, 1854. Type Aphis persicae Sulz. 


This genus is very closely related to Myzus, and is distinguished 
only by the shape of the cornicles. This distinction is variable, how- 
ever, aS in some species certain forms have the clavate cornicles of 
Rhopalosiphum while other forms have the cylindrical cornicles of 
Myzus. This is particularly true in the ease of Rhopalosiphum 
persicae (Sulz.) and Myzus braggu Gillette. However, most aphidol- 
ogists separate these two genera, so the author feels that it is best 


to do so. 
KEY TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 
Alate viviparous females 
1. Ground color dark (olive-green, wine, brown, and so forth) ................-.---.------ 2 


— Ground color light, usually green (this does not refer to the dark markings 
on head, thorax, or abdomen, but rather to the ground color of the 


wbdomen:) <2. LGC aoe alee me eee ce ee ee + 
2. Wing veins with smoky borders and tips (fig. 164). IV with a few small 
BOTISOLLA, ecm toscasmekaee speedos Me tee te renee een cee eee violae Pergande 


— Wing veins without smoky borders or tips, and IV without sensoria. 
rhois Monell 
3. Antennae distinctly tuberculate, with sensoria on both III and IV (figs. 170, 
Ah eens aR Rey ahr MRM aRe Sieh it ABN, at Ua RN a a ee 4 
— Antennae not tuberculate, and IV without sensoria, or at most with but a 
few small ones, (figs: 167,108) 2 ie nec e ee 5 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 81 


4, VI spur slightly longer than III (figs. 279, 281). Cornicles quite large and 


Ue a eC tgs ahd yeh dee Bh is Sh cai Re Cone fe aR ees ne. eam ACR i lactucae (Kalt.) 
— VI spur about twice as long as III. Cornicles comparatively small and slender 
CHAE) TIGERS pe Be oi din Co eee oe le a a eet 2 enol By hippophoaes Koch. 
5. First discoidal vein with distinct, smoky border, second discoidal bordered 
PANO ay Shy MEANT RMN EL eR EB aw Mek CS a eid § Reade lac Aree ote nervatum Gillette 
—— First and second discoidal without smoky borders «---.---------..--a2--2cccceesce-nnneeoes 6 
6. Abdomen with dusky dorsal markings. III with a few (10-12) sensoria 
CWS ORS Se Ss SUR i) apts oe We Oe ae ie eee Ae persicae Sulz. 
— Abdomen without dusky dorsal markings. III with many (24-30) sensoria 
LEGS URGE hess Se AS ak Bl a A ek rt corylinum Davidson 


Apterous viviparous femalesi2 


Peer rOUnRDeEGIOT Caria! OLLVE-PTESI ;, WING, DTOWI) 25.20.0802 2cke schon chet aeneqorencepeacocceroncest 2 
Seer rounuscoiorviiobt, Coreen, and so forth ). 2.225 oeccene hoc ee cceee ee acest snes 3 
pee cormicies larce and stout, longer than TIT —_....1 202 ots. ken rhois Monell 
— Cornicles smaller and more slender, shorter than III .............. violae Pergande 
OREO Cy 4 EPPS De SHITE Te cl PEN RISEN Meso ap AA a UP oan t 

ON SSRYAIS STINT oor ek eR aT OG BD eal Tan ee ee 4 tec MeL pe eee Re aa 5 
4, VI spur considerably longer than III, and subequal to cornicles. 


nervatum Gillette 
— VI spur about equal to III, and distinctly shorter than cornicles. 

hippophoaes Koch. 
Siem? Lea AC LEE ReeOTIC ALY | SOTISOU UG oc anh aa areca cassie sena Reenetce lactucae (Kalt.) 
cee PSeewatl snossecondary “SeNSOria -2...2- persicae (Sulz.) 


100. Rhopalosiphum corylinum Davidson 
Figure 167 


Davidson, Jour. Eeon. Ent., vol. 7, p. 134, 1914 (orig. desce.). 
Records.—Corylus rostrata; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County (Davidson) : 
Physocarpus capitatus; (Davidson). 


This species was originally described from specimens of alate 
viviparae and pupae taken on wild hazelnut near Walnut Creek. 
Davidson writes that he has found it quite common on ninebark in 
the San Francisco Bay region. The author has never taken the 
species, but has had access to cotype specimens in Kssig’s collection. 


101. Rhopalosiphum hippophoaes Koch 
Figures 165, 170 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 28, 1854 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 136, 1914. Phorodon galeopsidis 
Kalt. (list). 
Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 375, 1915 (synonomy). 


Record.—Polygonum sp.; San J ose (Davidson). 


12 R. corylinum Dvdn. is omitted from this key as the apterous female was 
never described and specimens are not available to the author. 


82 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 8 


Davidson reported this species as present on knotweed in the 
vicinity of San Jose, under the name P. galeopsidis Kalt. Later he 
followed Gillette in placing it as a synonym of R. hippophoaes Koch. 
‘The author has never collected it, but has had access to specimens 
from Davidson in San Jose, and Davis in Oak Park, Illinois. For a 
full discussion of the synonymy of this species see Gillette’s paper 
listed above. 


102. Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 
Figures 277 to 285 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 37, 1843. Aphis (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 277, 1910 (list). 


Records.—Sonchus spp.; Stanford University (Davidson); Stanford Univer- 
sity, May to July, 1915; Walnut Creek, May, 1915 (Davidson); Berkeley, July, 
1915; Lemon Grove, San Diego County, January, 1916; Riverside, January to 
May, 1917; Los Angeles, April, 1917: Asclepias sp.; Corvallis, Oregon, November, 
1913 (Moznette). 


This is a common species infesting the heads of sow thistle 
throughout the San Francisco Bay region and southern California. 
In November, 1913, G. F. Moznette took it on milkweed in Corvallis, 
Oregon. This collection consisted entirely of alate females, that may 
have been the sexupara. Inasmuch as the identity of this species is 
doubtful there is given below a brief description drawn. from speci- 
mens of nine alates and eight apterae taken on Sonchus spp. at Stan- 
ford University in May, 1915, in Walnut Creek in. May, 1915, in 
Berkeley in July, 1915, and in Lemon Grove in January, 1916, and 
on Asclepias sp. in Corvallis, Oregon, in November, 1913. This latter 
collection is by George F. Moznette of Corvallis. 

Alate viviparous female.—Prevailing color is apple green with 
the head dark green to black, the prothorax apple green, the thoracic 
lobes black. The abdomen is apple green with three pair of dusky 
marginal spots on segments one, two, and three, respectively, and 
with a larger dusky patch on the dorsum of segments four, five, and 
six, being between the cornicles. The cornicles and cauda are luteous 
with the extreme tip of the former dusky. The antennae are dusky 
throughout. The legs are luteous with the tarsi and tips of the femora 
and tibiae dusky. 

The head is about twice as broad as long, with a distinct frontal 
tubercle (fig. 278). The antennae are set on distinct tubercles and 
are between one and one-fourth to one and one-half times as long 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 83 


~as the body. The relative lengths of the segments are as follows: the 
spur is the longest, being followed by III, which is subequal but never 
longer. IV is about one-half the length of the spur and slightly longer 
than V. II is slightly longer than VI, which is about equal to I. 
Sensoria are arranged as follows (figs. 279-281): on V and VI are 
the usual primary and accessory sensoria; on V in addition to the 
primary sensoria, there are at times as many as seven small circular 
secondary sensoria, located about the middle of the segment. The 
number of these sensoria range from none to seven, two and three 
being the usual number; on IV there are from six to twelve irregular 
secondary sensoria (fig. 280), placed irregularly along the whole 
length of the segment; on III there are between thirty and forty 
irregularly placed and irregularly sized sensoria (fig. 279) seattered 
along the whole length of the segment. The usual number is from 
thirty-six to thirty-nine. The prothorax is without lateral tubercles. 
The beak is of medium length, reaching to slightly beyond the second 
eoxae. The cornicles (fig. 282) are fairly large and clavate on one 
side. At the widest point they are slightly less than one-fifth the 
length. The tip is shghtly wider than the base. They are about the 
same length as the fourth antennal segment, although in some cases 
they may be slightly longer, and in others slightly shorter, but in all 
cases longer than the fifth antennal segment. The cauda (fig. 283) is 
long and fairly large, not quite reaching to the tip of the cornicles, 
being about one-half as long as the cornicles and one-half as long 
again as the hind tarsi. The wings and venation are normal, the 
forewings being about twice as long as the body. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.48 to 1.87 mm.; width, 0.78 to 0.82 
mm.; antennae total, 2.35 to 2.51 mm.; III, 0.544 to 0.697 mm.; IV, 
0.306 to 0.425 mm.; V, 0.218 to 0.857 mm.; VI, 0.085 to 0.119 mm.; 
spur, 0.68 to 0.799 mm.; cornicles, 0.323 to 0.459 mm.; cauda, 0.187 to 
0.255 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.136 to 0.153 mm.; wing length, 3.4 to 3.8 mm. ; 
wing width, 1.2 to 1.5 mm. : wing expansion, 8.0 to 8.3 mm. The 
average measurements are as follows: body length, 1.74 mm.; width, 
0.768 mm.; antennae total, 2.445 mm.; III, 0.645 mm.; IV, 0.382 mm. ; 
V, 0.328 mm.; VI, 0.107 mm. ; spur, 0.753 mm.; cornicles, 0.403 mm. ; 
eauda, 0.248 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.139 mm.; wing length, 3.6 mm.; width, 
1.32 mm.; expansion, 8.1. 

Apterous viviparous female.—Prevailing color pale green with the 
head paler, being almost luteous or of a pale yellowish green color. 
The eyes are red. The antennae, except the apices of segments three 


84 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


to six inclusive, the legs, except the tarsi and tips of the tibiae, the 
eauda, and the cornicles, except the tip, are all luteous. Sensoria are as 
follows: on V and VI the usual primary sensoria, on VI the accessory 
sensoria, and on III (fig. 278), from nine to eleven small, circular 
irregularly placed secondary sensoria. IV is without sensoria. The 
antennae are considerably longer than the body, the spur and III 
being subequal and the longest segments. Sometimes the spur is 
slightly longer than III. V is about one-half as long as III or the 
spur, and about four-fifths as long as IV. I and VI are subequal, 
being about one-seventh as long as the spur. The cornicles (fig. 284), 
are clavate, quite large, usually being shghtly more than one-fifth 
the length of the body and over three times the length of the hind 
tarsi. The cauda (fig. 285) is long, sickle-shaped, and a little more 
than one-half as long as the cornicles. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.7 to 2.18 mm.; width of abdomen, 
0.82 to 1.73 mm.; antennae total, 2.32 to 2.48 mm.; III, 0.646 to 
0.714 mm.; IV, 0.891 to 0.425 mm.; V, 0.328 to 0.84 mm.; VI, 0.102 
mm.; spur, 0.646 to 0.782 mm.; cornicles, 0.459 to 0.493 mm.; cauda, 
0.238 to 0.272 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.1386 to 0.153 mm. The average 
measurements are as follows: body length, 1.87 mm.; width, 0.99 mm.; 
antennae total, 2.89 mm.; III, 0.674 mm.; IV, 0.408 mm.; V, 0.334 
mm.; VI, 0.102 mm.; spur, 0.7099 mm.; cornicles, 0.473 mm.; cauda, 
0.255 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.1445 mm. 


103. Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette 
Figures 166, 169, 171 


Gillette, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p. 63, 1908 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 378, 1910. R&R. arbuti, n.sp. (desce.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 1384, 1914 (list). 


Records.—Arbutus menziesii; Stanford University, San Jose, Walnut Creek 
(Davidson) ; Sacramento (Essig); Stanford University, February to May, 1915; 
Berkeley, September, 1915: Arbutus unedo; Redlands, February, 1917; Rosa spp.; 
Walnut Creek (Davidson); Berkeley, February, 1915 (Essig). 


In 1910 Davidson described a species of Rhopalosiphum, which he 
named arbuti, from specimens taken on madrone in the vicinity of 
Stanford University. Since then it has been found quite commonly 
on madrone throughout the San Francisco Bay region, and once on 
a strawberry tree in Silva Park, Redlands. It was noticed by the 
author that the alate females were very searce at all times, although 
the apterae and nymphs were often quite abundant. Later, when 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 85 


studying specimens while working up a key to the species of Rhopalo- 
stphum, he found that structurally this species was identical with 
Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette. The latter had been taken on roses 
in the San Francisco Bay region. The identical structure and the 
scarcity of alates on madrone led to a belief that they were the same 
species. However, it was too late in the season (October, 1915) to 
try any transfer tests. No opportunity was found to try migration 
tests until in February, 1917, when the species was taken in Redlands. 
Two alate females were reared in the laboratory and then placed 
under a muslin bag on a rose bush, out of doors. A few days later 
these were examined and several young larvae observed. No further 
observations were made for two weeks, when it was found that the 
bag had been ripped off by the severe winds. Although this test was 
not a complete suecess the author feels confident of the identity of 
this species. 


104. Rhopalosiphum persicae’® (Sulz.) 
Figures 108, 119, 120, 168 


Sulzer, Kan. Ins., p. 105, 1761. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. Rhopalosiphum dianthi (Schrank) 
(list). 

Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 359, 1908. Myzus (dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 303, 1909. R. dianthi (Schrank), 
R. achyrantes Monell, and Myzus (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. &. tulipae Thomas (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 378, 1910. &. dianthi (Schr.) (list). 

Davidson, Jour Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 379, 1910. Myzus (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 598, 1911. Myzus (desc.). 


Records.—Throughout California by Clarke, Davidson, Essig, Ferris, Morrison, 
and the author on Abutilon sp., Amaranthus retroflexus, Amsinckia respectabilis, 
Bougainvillaea sp., Brassica spp., Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, 
Catalpa sp., Chenopodium murale, Citrus spp., Cynoglossum grande, Cyticus pro- 
liferus, Geranium carolinianum, Hedera helix, Lycopersicum esculentum, Malva 
parviflorus, Oxalis oregona, Prunus spp., Ranunculus californicus, Raphanus 
sativus, Rumex spp., Sambucus glauca, Sanicula menziesii, Senecio vulgare, 
Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus spp., Tropaeolum sp., Tulipa sp., Vinca major. 


This green peach aphis is one of the most common aphids found 
in the state. It is most abundant in the spring, at which time it will 
be found on almost any plant. According to Gillette various species 

18 George Shinji (Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 49, 1917) recently described an aphid 
from specimens taken on Godetia amaena in Berkeley, which he named Myzus 


godetiae nu.sp. The author has not seen specimens of this species, but from the 
description and figures, it is in all probability Rhopalosiphum persicae (oulz.). 


86 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


of Prunus are the winter hosts in Colorado, while during the summer 
it migrates to other plants. In California, however, winter eggs are 
not laid, the viviparous females living the year round. So far as the 
author has observed in over three years, only the form with clavate 
. ecornicles is found in California. 


105. Rhopalosiphum rhois Monell 
Figure 173 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 27, 1879 (orig. desc.). 

Davis, Can. Ent., vol. 46, p. 165, 1914. R. howardi (Wils.) (desc.). 

Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 330, 1917. R&. howardi (Wils.) 
(list). 

Ibid., p. 334, 1917 (list). 


Records.—Rhus diversiloba; Berkeley, April, 1915; Avena sativa, Berkeley, 
(Essig). 


This species has been taken in Berkeley on poison oak and grasses. 
Kssig reported it recently as R. howardi (Wils.), but according to 
Gillette’* this is a synonym of R. rhois Monell, Rhus being the winter 
host, and various species of Graminaceae the summer hosts. 

This species does not seem to be a typical Rhopalosiphum, being 
quite close to Siphocoryne nymphaeae Linn., but yet not fitting the 
generic description of Siphocoryne exactly. Consequently it is best 
to list it as has been done heretofore as Rhopalosiphum. 


106. Rhopalosiphum violae Pergande 
Figures 164, 174 


Pergande, Can. Ent., vol. 32, p. 29, 1900 (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 4, 1909 (dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 303, 1909 (list). 
Davidson, Jour, Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 277, 1910 (list). 


Records.—Viola spp.; Claremont, Santa Paula (Essig); Stanford University 
(Davidson) ; Palo Alto, May, 1915; Santa Ana, February, 1917; Riverside, April, 
1917. 


This beautiful little aphid is found more or less abundantly in the 
spring on the under side of the leaves of violets throughout the state. 
The dark red eolor and broad black wing veins serve to distinguish it 
readily from other aphids. 


14 Gillette, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 100, 1915. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 87 


Tribe Aphidini Wilson 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol., 3, p. 331, 1910. 


Following is a brief characterization of this tribe, from Wilson: 


The characters which separate this tribe from the previous one [Macrosiphini} 
are taken as follows: Antennae shorter than the body, or when as long as the 
body the cornicles and cauda are very short; antennal tubercles, when present, 
are indistinct, or else the cornicles and cauda are small; when the cornicles are 
very long or large the development is limited and the other characters are used 
to place the genera. 


The California genera included by Wilson in this tribe are Aphis, 
Cerosipha, Coloradoa, Hyalopterus, Liosomaphis, and Siphocoryne 
[Hyadaphis|. In addition to these the author includes Toxoptera 
because of the small and indistinct antennal tubercles and the short 
cornicles, and Myzaphis because of the absence of antennal tubercles. 
The key to the California genera has been formulated by the author, 
following Wilson, Mordwilko, and Van der Goot. | 


Reem LeNNWe IV O-SEM MONTE dec. oii. rag ane 2 osdonksededepeemstuiqudennes Cerosipha del Guercio 
Pe TGBTINGAG AGIR-BCOMIONTCO ..-<:-242ccoondocg cose ced concn sends diaevesendessteeseced acd Bs SD Me RM 2 
Pee OrmGlos much shorter Tham Cauda ni 2.2.2. 220.-ccssis- denen sheeted Hyalopterus Koch 
— Cornicles about as long as or longer than cauda .............------..----s---eeeeeeeeeeeneeees 3 
3. Cornicles cylindrical, tapering, or conical, not distinctly clavate (fig. 182), 

except in Coloradoa and Myzaphis, in which they may be slightly clavate 

ELE. TAT 7 ae Ces 9 8 Mod as cut Arad CB Gk BNEW ee Cael Ame aly erent ee. Panes een Se 5 
Bemroriicies aintinewy clavate, (figs, 183,184) 2.20 1s ssl ale ec eager ome 4 
4, Cornicles long and strongly clavate on one side (fig. 184). Antennae shorter 

than body, with VI spur not longer than III -............... Liosomaphis Walker 


— Cornicles slender and but slightly clavate (fig. 183). Antennae never much 

shorter than body, with VI spur longer than III (fig. 258) or with a supra- 

CAAA in PUDELEIE i 10S, 600, 020) maces nacetdasoqat-atovsnen<e uot Siphorcoryne Passerini 

5. Third discoidal vein but one-branched (fig. 276). Body without lateral 
tubercles. Cauda long and prominent, being about as long as cornicles. 

Toxoptera Koch 

— Third discoidal vein twice-branched. Body with or without lateral tubercles. 

Cauda: usually distinctly shorter than cornicles —.....--..-...--.s-stccseceaqsecatetenes- 6 

6. Front of head with a very distinct tubercle (figs. 308, 313). Body long 

without lateral tubercles. Cornicles long and often slightly swollen near 

TUTE aes dh ne ae nied ie Tor tp ene ee Myzaphis Walker and Coloradoa Wilson 

7. Front of head without prominent tubercle (fig. 233). Body more rounded 

with lateral tubercles on prothorax and seventh abdominal segment, and 

oftentimes on some of the anterior abdominal segments ............ Aphis Linn. 


88 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


29. Genus Aphis Linn. 
Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1748. Type Aphis rumicis Linn. 
Key TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES 
Alate viviparous females 


1, Abdomen with flocculent masses of wax. Antennae considerably shorter than 


body, ‘and VD spur ishorter thanwil lee 2c alamedensis Clarke 
— Abdomen without such flocculent masses of wax (except perhaps Aphis cooki 
Bigspy) ( -s22id etc se RR se eae en ee Ln 2 


2. Antennae one and one-half times as long as the body, or more. 

houghtonensis Throop 
— Antennae not so much longer than body; when longer, which is seldom, but 
SLIQHELY, $80» s2csser gc encpaeaconepeont ecks pbaccgeceeten twas coteees wo leds area ghsseacaue rie ste 3 
3. Abdomen pale yellowish green. Found only on Morus sp. ..........-- mori Clarke 
— Abdomen darker being black, dark green, yellow. Not found on Morus sp. 4 

4. Abdomen dark-green with an orange band between the cornicles. 
angelicae Koch 
— Abdomen without such an orange band between the cornicles (sometimes there 
is a slight orange or reddish coloring between the cornicles of the Beko 
of Aphis avenae Fabr., but itis not constant) 22... 22 5 
5. Abdomen sage-green cai faint lateral spots. III with apical one-half con- 
spicuously darkened and with six large sensoria. VI spur less than one-half 


as long-asslIl. On Atriplem\sppsscc:e secs tetrapteralis Cockerell 

— Not with above combination.of characters -1_-.2.22.c2ge ee cee eee 6 
6. IV with secondary sensoria (fig. 244) .......-.....----.--- ssotiet eth eines oe See ‘i 

— IV without’secondary sensoria i(fig’: 202) <5 a ce ne 27 
7. Cornicles* and "hind ‘tarsi subequal =. 22sec ree top ee eee ee 8 

—. Cornicles considerably longer than hind tarsi ---./.22.22-222.---2--secceceeeceee pg 
8. VI spur shorter ‘than® LIT 2. 22.05 Se a ae a 9 

— VI spur-equal to or longer than “LID4.2.= ee ee ee 13 
9. Cornicles"short and ~ tapering: 2222.5 22a ees ee 10 

— Cornicles*short ‘and “ancrassate 15.2 i eee pseudobrassicae Davis 
10. V with secondary sensoria. Body slightly pulverulent .................... cooki Essig 
— V without secondary sensoria. Body not pulverulent -................... cee we 
11. Less than 12 secondary sensoria on III, arranged in a more or less even line 12 
— About 20 to 25 secondary sensoria on III, arranged irregularly along segment 
(Git As. 2S eee eee Mee Remar mca teed pond and BACAR ep os ee senecio Swain 

12. III with 9 to 12 sensoria. V and VI base subequal, each being shorter than 
LV:  cAveceteilies cn Ee ee eae ce oe ee lithospermi Wilson 

— III with 5 to 9 sensoria. IV and V subequal, each being longer than VI 
| 65 (2 deen cam cies WEEE EB AES eae RESET he No Sik Bae bec scribd 5 viburnicolens n.sp. 

13. Cornicles shorter than hind tarsi. <A large black species in life being marked 
with white bars and cross bands on the abdomen ................ albipes Oestlund 

— Cornicles and hind tarsi subequal. Body color greenish .........................--.------ 14 
14, Root-infesting species. Antennae short, scarcely reaching the middle of the 
SDMOMEN | 22s ee oe ee tr eee eta eee ete middletonii Thomas 

— Aérial species. Antennae reaching to base of the cornicles, or as long as 
TRO se a a acre ee cee Sen a ies 15 

15. Cornicles incrassate. A medium-sized species ...............- pseudobrassicae Davis 


— Cornicles cylindrical and tapering slightly. A smaller-sized species ............ 16 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 89 


16 


Lf. 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


24, 


25. 


26. 


aes 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


. 


Cauda shorter than hind tarsi. III with 11 to 15 sensoria scattered irregu- 
Mar ed ONeeserInent wt 2004) eee oc Se, eee marutae Oestlund 
Cauda longer than hind tarsi. III with 5 to 9 more or less evenly arranged 
SOCAL EO oa AE AES Oe ne ed SEA EE AEG viburnicolens n.sp. 
PoremiC eemeCUBMELOPOIy OU@crart nate UL -.7-15.6h. pete wscet mel iren.xabeehecnabkiatiiayasct o-cessse 18 
SPOR Rac a omO GLAS HION OC Hae DL Meee. ee gc 5 eeek cee ye date SPR weed eet rie hee 19 
Cauda, cornicles, and III subequal. Second branch of third discoidal vein 
BRM TGA TREAT OK BO) Lieve LUGE Secrce ces tee ss ett eke ee AE ee spiraecola Patch 
Cauda considerably shorter than cornicles or III, the last two being subequal. 
Second branch of third discoidal about midway between base of first 
Reba e tei SACS BOLE WALLS oo ove. co) coup adexs anor snesseeoeestedcenssek oenotherae Oestlund 
Fore wing with the second branch of the third discoidal arising very near 
to the apex of the wing. (In a few cases the second branch is not found, 
Dupeuevereie boule wings) (fies LOL yiees nels ee avenae Fabr. 
Peer eOL@LOre Wins Ora ly {lier LOY \eetat nent eet wate ra ee 20 
Beret aR EA CALON OT sagt OU Y oc. bt es eee ee ee persicae-niger Smith 
a Cee Aen OGM ONE OM Chan SNOCY ta2. ee nat ote ee Se oe eee ee 20 
A pair of small tubercles present on the middle of the seventh and eighth 
OS EOCENE GA eye C2 hc LE eae ws OOO) Cay dni ae Re ee emer Se td malifoliae Fitch 
IRI Dortene NO te DYCNON bis. .c0s ees asec eet eigen oeuncabi Wut tea a Ber ste lames 22 
Vewibl secondary, sensoria..” VI spur longer than Ill. 2.248.-22..2 23 
V without secondary sensoria. VI spur at most equal to III .............02...... 25 
Peakescarcely reaching second | coxae i... c.ta.s- i hee maidis Fitch 
Beak reaching beyond second coxae, even to or beyond the third .................. 24 
Cornicles longer than cauda (figs. 194, 195) and more than twice as long as 
AUR EEEE Ee ee OSes ee Be a oo a oe eC sambucifoliae Fitch 
Cornicles and cauda subequal; the former not more than twice as long as 
HELP ee “irae ob ae ase ar ae eR ca ani ee neomexicana Cockerell var. pacifica Davidson 
Cauda and hind tarsi subequal. III with a few large sensoria (fig. 232). 
Abdomen green with dark dorsal markings ....... Ry Srp e Sea ere ramona Swain 
Cauda longer than hind tarsi. III with several sensoria. Abdomen black 
ON" ATE? AY THEO Za SE oP MEME EES PON ae ce Cee a ek ORR See AME Ease Ors 26 
Cornicles more than twice as long as hind tarsi, often almost three times as 
long. VI spur and cornicles subequal, hind tarsi and VI base subequal. 
hederae Kalt. 
Cornicles never more than twice as long as hind tarsi, usually considerably 
less. Hind tarsi usually slightly longer than VI base, and VI spur longer 
BRIERE COPS UC OS ccoaow te cirs eae Seateae shia ck es ote ee euonomi Fabr. 
Cornicles distinctly knobbed, the tip being widened to twice the width of 
RAVE CAE SO PEL he COTMICIOS oct cece ce seb an acssccorccedebes cede pn grtece frigidae Oestlund 
(oe LP ATER TST AVR Ea les SN See Ee eine ME UGheet REE ML ho (Rt iace ae OL Seon 28 
Fore wing with the second branch of the third discoidal arising very near the 
ISCO te RO IRA LI) conc cr os cee natsvatneninaacemaavenaawsnarteaene salicicola Thomas 
erremw all eee VOUATIONUMOTNAL (Te. LST.) aie. cckans coceenes ktwanacenntinnsoss atin onxanersners 29 
SrcloseCistinchl yy Longer LOA CB UC A sors ke toe nore cseuscpacpewtapncctemoneeesayntcncansaoeceaasane 31 
TTA Si aS See RETEST EN TC ENaC ean ie pen pte Aen re Mere eae 30 
Cornicles short and swollen throughout apical one-half (fig. 203). Antennae 
PemlOnoeasOrsoOnger TRA ENE DOC Y 2.002622 2 l.- en. cntadesetnncensvesg brassicae Linn. 
Cornicles short and slender, and slightly clavate on one side. Antennae 
scarcely two-thirds as long as the body ....... (Ome ME atriplicis Linn. 
Abdomen without lateral tubercles on anterior segments. Cauda short and 


broad, with rounded tip, and almost as long as the cornicles -....cardui Linn. 
Abdomen with lateral tubercles on at least one of the anterior segments .... 32 


90 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 
32. VI- spur. shorter thansiil 222 ee a ke ee eee 33 
—— VI. spur not:shorter: than: TLD 0 saeco eee ee 34 
33. Cornicles about three times as long as cauda ..........--...--------+- medicaginis Koch 
— Cornicles not three times. as long as CAUSA -..<..-22...ncsssedcecenecnteasene-tscesseressuseeuses 34 
34, Cauda more than one-half as long as Cormicles -.....22...------co---s-nece-saceancsenseesenet 35 
— Cauda not more than one-half as long as cornicles -..........-..--......--10-s-20------ 38 
35. III with four or five fairly large sensoria ..............-..---.-..!----- oregonensis Wilson 
—~ IIT» with many irregular sensoria 252026 iit ee 36 
36, IIT with 20 or more sensoria, LV. with’ none ...-.:::22-.2.0-.--c deco 37 
— III with less than 20 sensoria, usually 14 or 15. IV usually with one or two, 
OTE MOPe, SONSOTUA hea ree ee ee a ae euonomi Fabr. 
37. IV about one-third longer than V. Cornicles about four times as long as 
broad ‘at base. On’ A eractann spp ics fascinate heraclii Cowen 
— IV but about one-sixth longer than V. Cornicles about three times as long 
as broadvat.base...On .Y weed. sph. Go retiess wcetccasoccceeengeseedameareoeeeraet Yuccae Cowen 
38. A few (about 10) equal-sized sensoria on III (fig. 222). <A large yellow 
species withidistinet darki markings 022.0. se eee ees eee nerii Fonse. 
— About 20 irregular sensoria on III (fig. 211). Not yellow ........................--. 39 
39. Cornicles slightly more than twice as long as hind tarsi .................-.-.------------- 40 
— Cornicles not twice as long as hind tarsi ......--......2.-..-2----------eeeeeeeeeeeees cari Essig 
40. Hind ‘tarsi slightly -longer sthanrcauda i222 ee ceanothi Clarke 
—— Hind: tarsishorter than s¢aud@ 222 Ses e eats wast ete nteeat cae cornifoliae Fitch 
41. VI spur one and one-half or more times as long as III ............ setariae Thomas 
— VI spur never so much longer than LIT 2...-.. 22 42 
42. III with a few large circular sensoria (5-10) (figs. 226, ee MEER |. 43 
— III with several’(15 or more) irregularysensoria 22 ee 45 
43. Beak reaching to or beyond third coxae. IV never with sensoria. 
gossypii Glover 
—) Beak not reaching) third coxa 2232s cn eee tt 
44, VI spur longer than III (fer22o yee Small sizer eee ees pomi de Geer 
— VI spur subequal to or shorter than III (figs. 289, 290). Medium to large 
YEA: EReen ae pee Perna Pah eater nL stn Med Lotond updo wi a cerasifoliae Fitch 
45, Cornicles twice as long as cauda. Femora of all three pairs of legs similarly 
COLOT OC Wires a se eer en een cari Essig 
— Cornicles longer than cauda, but not twice as long. Femora of first pair of 
legs: pale, of second and) third pair black aie jesse eee euonomi Fabr. 


Apterous viviparous females15 


1, Cornicles’ shorter than hind | tarsi i g2ccc sees ooeee eee een, 2 
— Cornicles‘equal to or longer, than hind tarsi 2.2.21. ca) ccc ccteeese aa 
2. VI spur longer than III. White bars and bands on abdomen in life. 


eS) 


albipes Oestlund 
VI spur not longer than III. Abdomen not as above .............--........-.ccseee-0eee- 3 


. Cornicles and cauda subequal. Beak not reaching to second coxae. Pul- 


WOPUle tesco cn a ee eaedeaes tea acon ears re res Rape tae ieee geo eece EEE brassicae Linn. 
Cornicles shorter than cauda. Beak reaching to or beyond second coxae. Not 
Pulverwlen (cca iccetds oe ccucte nance ghar cote areenaet eat ea ka pee eae One ee atriplicis Linn. 


15 In this key only those species are included of which there are specimens in 


the author’s collection or of which there are adequate descriptions available. 
The following species are therefore omitted: Aphis alamedensis Clarke, A. hough- 
tonensis Throop, A. mori Clarke, A. neomexicana Cockerell, A. oenotherae Oest- 
lund, and A, tetrapteralis Cockerell. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 91 


PB COUE Ie Lom eal (h INC SPAKE SU DOC UAL ter ccce ect ee SA oe ee 5 
SE OTIL OOS MON cen LNA SING stATST non se ccl or apleces tec ecacas puntcc Muu ecko seedl bas. tbet ne 10 
5. Secondary sensoria on III and IV. Root species -............. middletonii Thomas 
PENG SEOCORGALY SONSOTIAd» | ACIIA! -SPCClOG '...c5.cnctisc<ecdebesomn gu pdhecdns-2-odehannchsseeannctane 6 
omen ee ICITA TT ATARI Ve Ao STUY pasties Seekers ae Laced tae siete tetas snaabanttstalacadaesctetiecbecncdee 7 
SL Mesnorier than) or at most equal to VI spur’ cic a lc heceteee 8 
MiTAC COTIICIOS  SUDOQUAL ee eccon ucts ences sestenersera sateen de ace sitnden lithospermi Wilson 
== IV shorter than cornicles. Pulverulent -......-.........0....cccsccesccssesesnece cooki Essig 
8. IV and cornicles subequal. Antennae considerably more than one-half the 
[prt ap ree aso yee ee ah. vhs Bee eee Tee ee ae a 9 

— IV shorter than cornicles. Antennae at most one-half the length of the body. 
senecio Swain 

9. Cornicles twice as long as cauda and slightly swollen before the tip. 


10. 


ats 


12. 
13, 


14. 


15. 
16. 
| Wp 
18. 


19, 


20. 


21. 
22. 


23. 


avenae Fabr. 
Cornicles not twice as long as cauda, cylindrical, and tapering toward tip. 
: marutae Oestlund 


Cornicles less than twice as long as hind tarsi ...............-ssccee-eapene-eeecennaneneee> 11 
Cornicles twice as long as or longer than hind tarsi .............:..---------s0---------0--- 21 
Secondary sensoria on III and IV. Root-infesting species. 


middletonii Thomas 


Peper ays SONBOTIO, SuAChial BPOCIES 932... 55. ces otha eensn rene eos sees eset 12 
VI Soe SEE GS CALEB UTR Reed Zea la bi aban oli ieee hal bhi OGRA he ee sLas OLE ae 13 
OEE Be hy, COC A eva pn ELDER Creal ea Ula ace ea RO te nee Ae APE 16 
PUmerICmare re tOMACK COL OAT PEO WI .s copie. sreckaneoseecoscermasere ce ooeceernd Sedge lcndn an 14 
(SOG IS Ese ORES EAGT SICON alfa oP) ys a Ra ee ea RRO a eR 15 
VI spur one and one-half to two times as long as III. Apex only of femora 

NUS eg poe, YATE Dh a citi ts Gieeea Les Ranh pec pd ne setariae Thomas 


VI spur but slightly longer than III. Apical one-half of femora dusky. 
medecaginis Koch 
Pale green. Cornicles and cauda subequal. Dark, mottled green. Cornicles 


Pot Cee TONERS EAT TOT (LON POT ec ea occ re eck haves ene seco senna avenae Fabr. . 
MetmEaHieE COMMICOLA TY ADOT LORY LDA IT UL eo cctetecedert ote te dec er ecentcn ounce eac-baacaedunesena ds 7 
OL PR STUDI SGI) UPS nV age BY OB Rtas fet nad Po oP Ni a A oe a eA Oe a 18 
Rope MIGhes “SWOMCN! COWARG CIP) 222i scares cecmnerncce pseudobrassicae Davis 
Cornicles cylindrical and tapering toward tip ......................-------- ramona Swain 
Roriipicawiucesioniiy longer than” ind Parse sites cst ees beet np. ce 6 oes eens anne 19 
Cornicles about one and one-half times as long as hind tarsi .......................--- 20 


Dark green. Cornicles at least three times as long as broad at base. 
maidis Fitch 
Pale green. Cornicles at most twice as long as broad at base. 
senecio Swain 


Dark green to reddish yellow. On Yucca spp. ..-...--------.---------0-----+" yuccae Cowen 
Black or very dark brown with black dorsal bands and spots. On various 

PROTON | ROD 2 ale URE aes Se Pao ne Ue BN, OBO eos Rees a ener euonomi Fabr. 
Cornicles distinctly knobbed at tip ......-..2.-....s..s-sccccccesnecens-s frigidae Oestlund 
OR TREM RSC. EPC ig a8 WN Ls tone. dia aa ed Ry at Bs le Redan Sa Retna tel 22 
ULE Cutty hap h e eee Wo OUI SRO Vite ele ss CO hom i cn Seip edi a ot rar 23 
POMS UTa re IOBE VEC SCO LUN oes 0a te secndond Seta genertesest ovantaranonsnasee ovate = svvecsiaderonsegnean 25 
Pale green with dusky dorsal abdominal markings .......... calendulicola Monell 
Not colored as above, either not green, or if green with dusky dorsal abdom- 

EMT Seah Nay cae apes Bass 5 AR ae oR IAS Sy EE ERIE CRA ER DOSE ES OY EARL | of Hoo rab eee De ee 24 


92 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 
24. Bright yellow with black markings. Cornicles at least three times as long as 

hind. tarsi 500. e ee ee ee ae ee ee nerii Fonsce. 
— Dark green with black markings. Cornicles but about twice as long as hind 

COT SE Los craknssdog cov omtecodea po anne askSe nae ember ee dette ea eee ee cardui Linn. 
25. Cornicles: longer than, CUT 2.22 seers oe ctee sae eee eee cere eee 26 
—— Cornicles ‘at most: equal, to TU Uja.0 ne ooecctk cee caren eeee eee ee 29 
26...ILl considerably longer than, VOCS pur, 220 cecce ce ccsecceeeet ee eeeceee gee ee 27 
— III subequal to or but slightly longer than VI spur --..:....-....- eae 28 
27. Black. Cornicles about three times as long as hind tarsi. III one and one- 

half-timeés :as ‘long eas Vb spurte see eg eee sambucifoliae Fitch 
— Green, pale to apple. Cornicles about four times as long as hind tarsi. III 

almostitwice as long © an 2 VL SU cepts ere eee salicicola Thomas 
28. Cornicles subequal to or but slightly longer than III, and about twice as 

lomg > 9" Gavi ace cease ane ee eee 2 prunorum Fabr. 
— Cornicles one and one-half to two times as long as III, and about four times 

BS LOND AS CBT eg ee renee ee oregonensis Wilson 
29. Cornicles-¢onsiderably shorter than [10 2202-220 sieceerusescen te 30 
— Cornicles subequal to or but slightly shorter than III ---.........-._..... ee 37 
SO4LIT and aL Ve spur ssn Deus hie see eee ee eee persicae-niger Smith 
— JID longer~than. VIji. 0 eco ee eas cee cee 31 
$1. Cornicles ‘at least twice as long’ as canda 20..-/.0.-4 eae 
—. Corricles not twice’as! long as ‘cauda, 0 eee 32 
32.Fale green; spulvertlent 222s cece een asec ee are ee cerasifoliae Fitch 
-—— Dark’ green, brown, or black, not pulverulents | 3c eecrce re 33 
33, Cornicles about three times as long as hind tarsi (2.22 eee 34 
—  Cornicles not three times as_long’ as hind ‘tarsi i etece cee tee 35 
34. ITI with a few sniall secondary sensoria 2.23 ge eee hederae Kalt. 
-——) NO, secondary, SCnSOPia ra cere 5 Eee eee cornifoliae Fitch 
35. Cornicles considerably more than twice as long as hind tarsi. Lateral abdom- 


36. 


37. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


inal tubercles only on first and seventh segments -.................-- heraclii Cowen 
Cornicles at most but slightly more than twice as long as hind tarsi. Lateral 
tubercles usually on more than first and seventh segments -..euonomi Fabr. 
Antennae about as long as body. Cornicles more than twice as long as 


O° LiL: C: py eeenSEnE EAI EPR MBA SEE Later Stine el tne Ae ns hae cari Essig 
Antennae but about one-half as long as body. Cornicles but about twice as 
Toya gy SC Uh eae ee cae te ee gossypii Glover 
IIT considerably longer than VJ spur)..4.22222- 2c 2 ee 38 
Tid eand; ‘Viv spur: subeqtal crite ee segeee terete ease 40 


A pair of dorsal abdominal tubercles on sixth and seventh segments. 
malifoliae Fitch 
No dorsal abdominal tubercles on sixth and seventh segments ...............-..--.--- 39 
Cornicles green, cylindrical, tapering slightly toward tip, and fairly straight. 
Cauda about one and one-half times as long as hind tarsi. Abdomen with- 


outs dusky, «dorsal markings 22... o eee etn tee eee ramona Swain 
Cornicles black, cylindrical, curved outward. Cauda and hind tarsi subequal. 
Abdomen with dusky dorsal markings -............---...s--ccsse-cceee-s seanothi Clarke 


VI spur slightly longer than III. Cornicles and cauda subequal. 
" viburnicolens n.sp. 
VI spur slightly shorter than III. Cornicles one and one-half times as long 
BS COUR, 2 ee eee eer eget cee nee pomi De Geer 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 93 


107. Aphis alamedensis Clarke 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 251, 1903 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Prunus domestica; Berkeley (Clarke). 


This is an unknown species described from specimens taken by 
Clarke .on greengage plum in Berkeley. Davidson suggests that it 
might be Aphis cardwi Linn. (prunt Koch) from its brief description. 


108. Aphis albipes Oestlund 
Figures 198 to 200 


Oestlund, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Bull. 4, p. 52, 1887 (orig. desce.). 
Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 119, 1910 (desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 


Records.—Symphoricarpus racemosus; Stanford University (Davidson); Con- 
gress Springs, Santa Clara County, July, 1915 (McCracken); Berkeley, July, 1915 
(Shinji). 

This species is found at times curling the leaves of snowberry in 
the San Francisco Bay region. Dr. McCracken noted in connection 
with the infestation at Congress Springs, ‘‘they are quite prettily 
patterned with white bars and cross-bars.’’ This is usually enough 
to distinguish them. 


109. Aphis angelicae Koch. 


Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 521, 1854 (orig. desce.). 
Wilson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 348, 1909 (desc.). 


Record.—Angelica sp., Hedera sp.; California (Wilson). 


Wilson reported this species from California, but gave no locality 
or date. It is unknown to the author. 


110. Aphis atriplicis Linn. 


Linnaeus, Fauna Sweden, p. 1000, 1761 (orig. desc.). 
Hayhurst, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 2, pp. 88-100, 1909 (desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 407, 1912 (dese. sexuales apterous 
viviparae). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 133, 1914 (dese. fundatrix). 


Records.—Chenopodium album, C. murale; San Jose, Walnut Creek (David- 
son). 


94 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


This has been reported twice from pigweed or goosefoot in the 
San Francisco Bay region, where Davidson states that it is very 
common. The sexes occur in October. Davidson believes that there 
is an alternate host, but as to what it might be, he is uncertain. The 
author has never collected specimens, but has had access to material 
taken by R. W. Doane on Chenopodium in Utah in August, 1916. 


111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
Figures 191, 201, 202 


Fabricius, Ent. Syst., p. 736, 1775 (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 254, 1903 . Nectarophora (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. Siphocoryne (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 465, 1911. A. padi Linn. (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 790, 1912. A. maidis Fitch (desc). 
Smith, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 116, -1914 (list). 
Davidson, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 6, p. 65, 1917 (note). 


Records.—Graminaceaeé (various spp.); California, December to May (David- 
son, Essig, Morrison, author): Phalaris arundinacea; Stanford University, May 
to July, 1915: Dracaena draco; Stanford University, June, 1915: Musa sapientum ; 
San Diego, March, 1916: Typha latifolia; (Davidson). 


This is an abundant species through the state, occurring during 
the late winter and spring on grasses and grains, migrating to other 
hosts as these become ripened and dried. 

The life history of this species, according to Davis (U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Bull. 111, April, 1914), 1s somewhat as follows: 


The spring colonies on grains and grasses originate from viviparous females | 
which passed the winter on the grains and grasses, or from spring migrants from 
the apples or related fruits; i.e., the progeny of the aphids hatching from eggs 
laid the previous fall on such trees. As the weather becomes cooler they seek the 
lower parts or the roots of wheat and other plants of the grass family, and 
here pass the winter as viviparous females; or the winged fall migrants from the 
grain may seek such trees as the apple, where the true sexes are produced. 


' Undoubtedly the most common method of wintering over in Cali- 
fornia is on the roots and lower parts of the grains and grasses. This 
species has never been collected on apples or other related trees in 
this state, nor have the eggs ever been observed. During the early 
spring it 1s found abundantly on the grains and small grasses, in 
January and February in the southern part of the state, and during 
April and May in the central part. As the grains ripen and the 
stalks and leaves become hardened, it seems that the aphids migrate 
to other varieties of grass which remain soft and green later, as 
canary grass and reed grass and corn, or even to such hosts as the 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 95 


dragon tree, cat-tail rush, and the banana. But the winter is spent 
aS viviparous females on the grains and grasses. 

This species has been confused many times with other species 
infesting grains, such as Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) and Tox- 
optera grammmum (Rond.). As the latter does not occur in this state 
it cannot be confused here with Aphis avenae Fabr. Clarke listed this 
as Nectarophora avenae Fabr., so it appears that he might have had 
Macrosiphum granarwum (Kirby) in mind, as it is highly improbable 
that he could have confused Aphis avenae Fabr. with a species of 
Macrosiphum (Nectarophora). The cornicles of avenae Fabr., the 
absence of antennal tubercles, and the irregular venation make it 
quite easily distinguishable. The cornicles are quite short, as com- 
pared with a species of Macrosiphum, and distinct antennal tubercles 
are entirely lacking. The third discoidal vein of the forewing is 
typically twice-branched, but the second is close to the apex of the 
wing, and sometimes is entirely lacking. The only other species of 
Aphis in this state with this character is Aphis salicicola Thomas, . 
found on willows. These two are readily distinguished from each - 
other by the comparative lengths of the cornicles, which are consider- 
ably longer in salicicola Thomas than in avenae Fabr. 


112. Aphis brassicae Linnaeus 
Figures 203, 204 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 2, p. 734, 1735 (orig. desc.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 250, 1903 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911 (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 523, 1911 (desce.). 


Record.—Cruciferae (various spp.); throughout California. 


During the late winter and spring cruciferous plants are often 
heavily infested with this species. Of the cultivated plants cabbages 
and radishes seem to be most heavily infested; while the wild mustard 
and radish often have the entire flower clusters covered with these 
aphids. Oftentimes in the colonies of this species are also found 
Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis, Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), and 
R. persicae (Sulz.). In southern California the colonies are always 
attacked by the braconid fly, Diaretus rapae Curtiss, and a large per- 
centage of the individuals destroyed. As summer comes on these para- 
sites and such predators as syrphids and ladybirds usually get the 
best of the aphids, which disappear to a large extent until fall. 


96 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


113. Aphis calendulicola Monell 


Monell, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 23, 1879 (orig. desce.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 250, 1903 (list). 


Record.—Calendula officinale; Berkeley (Clarke). 


This species has not been recognized since Clarke’s report of it on 
marigold. It is possible that he had Aphis senecio Swain, which is 
very common on marigolds throughout the state. 


114. Aphis cardui Linn. 
Figures 208, 209 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 2, p. 735, 1735 (orig. desce.). 

Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 399, 1912. Aphis pruni 
(list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 407, 1912 (list). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 263, 1914 (desc.). 


Records.—Cirsium sp.; San Jose (Davidson); Berkeley, June, 1915: Prunus 
domestica; Orangevale, Sacramento County (Carnes); Walnut Creek (Davidson) ; 
Berkeley, March, 1916 (Hssig). 


According to Patch this thistle aphid is the same as the one infest- 
ing plums and formerly known as A. pruni Koch. Both are abundant 
in the San Francisco Bay region, prunt being found in the fall and 
spring on plum, cardui during the summer on thistle. The author 
has attempted no transfer tests, so accepts Patch’s statement as 
authority for the synonymy. It is certain that structurally these are 
strictly identical. | 


115. Aphis cari Hssig 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, pp. 317-321, 1917 (orig. desce.). 
Record.—Carum_ kelloggii; Rutherford, Napa County (Essig); Angelica 
tomentosa; Berkeley (Essig). 
Essig recently described this from specimens taken on wild anise 
in Rutherford. The author has seen cotype specimens, but has never 
collected the species. 


116. Aphis ceanothi Clarke 
Figures 210, 211 


Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 250, 1903 (orig. dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 525, 1911. Aphis ceanothi-hirsuti n. sp. 
(dese. ). 


1919} Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California if il 


Records.—Ceanothus integerrimus; Colfax, Placer County (Clarke); Witch 
Creek, San Diego County, June, 1916: C. cuneatus; Stanford University (David- 
son), November, 1910 (Morrison), October, 1915 (R. A. Vickerey): C. thysiflorus ; 
Bear Creek Gulch, Santa Clara County, April, 1911 (Morrison): C. hirsuti; Santa 
Paula (Essig). 


This is a widely distributed species, having been found on Ceano- 
thus as far north as Placer County, and as far south as San Diego 
County. It is seldom abundant, however. The species that Essig 
described as A. ceanothi-hirsuti n.sp. is undoubtedly the same as 
Clarke described. 


117. Aphis cerasifoliae Fitch 
Figtures 288 to 292 


Fitch, Rept. Ins. N. Y., vol. 1, p. 1381, 1855 (orig. dese.). 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 260, 1914 (desc.). 


Record.—Prunus emarginata; Wynola, San Diego County, June, 1916. 


This aphid was found abundantly curling the terminal leaves of 
wild cherry near Wynola (3700 feet altitude), San Diego County, in 
June, 1916. Alate and apterous viviparous females as well as nymphs 
were abundant in the curled leaves. The apterae and nymphs were 
slightly pulverulent. This species corresponds very closely to Aphis 
cerasifoliae Fitch as described by Patch (op. cit.), although there are 
some minor differences. Following is a copy of Patch’s description of 
the Maine specimens of this species: 


This well defined species is common on both the native choke cherry, Prunus 
virginiana, and the western P. demissa Walp. introduced in a nursery row on our 
campus. 

Apterous female—Head, pale green or water whitish, beak short, extending 
to second coxae, eyes, antennae with I, II and III concolorous with head, distal 
half darker to black, III with no sensoria, proportions as shown in figure; pro- 
thorax pale green, lateral tubercles present; thorax green with dark green mid- 
dorsal line, femora and tibiae pale and tarsi black; abdomen pulverulent, pale 
green with dark green median line and dark green transverse lines between seg- 
ments, lateral tubercles present, cornicles pale with dusky tips, slender, slightly 
tapering, and approximately twice the tarsus in length, cauda white with dark tip; 
conical, being broad at base and abruptly tapering. 

Nymphs and pupae are also pulverulent and have’dark green middorsal and 
transverse intersegmental line, though these are not always well defined in the 
pupa which has two lateral dark green lines on thorax. 

Alate female. Head black, beak short, not reaching to second coxae, eyes 
black, antennae dark, III with from about 12 to 18 large sensoria about the size 
of the terminal one on V, IV with from none to several sensoria like those on III, 
proportions of joints as shown in the figure; prothorax green with black trans- 
verse band, lateral tubercles present; thorax black, wings iridescent with slender 
brown veins and large dusky stigma with pointed tip; commonly though not 


98 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


always with second branch very short, abdomen glabrous, rather bright though not 
vivid green, median line dark green, sutural lines dark green ending in marginal 
green dots, cornicles dark, cauda green. 

Aphis cerasifoliae is gregarious on the ventral surface of the terminal leaves 
badly curling and deforming them. A copious amount of honeydew is present, 
and ants are usually found attending a colony of this species. 


The specimens from Wynola agree very well with this description, 
although as stated above, there are a few minor points of difference. 
However, as Dr. Patch writes: ‘‘It seems too close to cerasifoliae to 
give it a distinct name,’’ and ‘‘if the appearance an lufe answers my 
deseription of cerasifoliae I should be inclined to call it that. It hap- 

pens to be a species as characteristic alive as dead.’’ Following are 
the notes the author took of its appearance alive, before he suspected 
its identity: ‘‘Alates, apterae and nymphs abundant on terminal 
leaves curling them badly. Large amount of honeydew and many 
ants in attendance. Apterae and nymphs pulverulent.’’ These notes 
agree exactly with Patch’s notes, cited above. 

Following is a brief description of specimens taken at Wynola on 
July 8: 

Apterous viwparous female.—Prevailing color pale apple green, 
pulverulent. Head luteous. Thorax and abdomen pale green with 
middorsal longitudinal stripe darker green. Antennae with the three 
basal joints luteous, the three apical joints shading into black. Pri- 
mary sensoria on V and VI, accessory sensoria on VI, no secondary 
sensoria. III and spur are subequal, or III slightly the longer. IV 
and V subequal and a little more than one-half as long as III. In 
some cases IV is slightly longer than V. VI is about one-fourth as 
long as its spur, longer than I, which in turn is longer than II. The 
antennae are longer than the body. Cornicles long, slightly tapering, 
pale with tip dusky, about equal in length to the fifth antennal seg- 
ment and about twice the length of the hind tarsus. Cauda long, 
conical, and about two-thirds the length of the cornicles, pale with tip 
dusky. Lateral tubercles are present on the first and seventh abdom- 
inal segments and on one other of the abdominal segments, in some 
cases on the second, in others!on the third, and in others on the fourth. 

Measurements (of specimens mounted in Canadian balsam) : Body 
length, 1.5 to 1.53 mm.; body width (abdomen), 0.247 mm.; antennae. 
total, 1.445 to 1.734 mm. (av. 1.6082 mm.); I, 0.085 to 0.117 mm. 
(av. 0.0987 mm.) ; II, 0.068 mm.; III, 0.408 to 0.467 mm. (av. 0.4335 
mm.) ; IV, 0.288 to 0.806 mm. (av. 0.272 mm.) ; V, 0.221 to 0.233 mm. 
(av. 0.224 mm.); VI, 0.1105 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.1169 mm.) ; spur, 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 99 


0.408 to 0.45 mm. (av. 0.4186 mm.); cornicles, 0.221 to 0.255 mm. 
(av. 0.2401 mm.); cauda, 0.15 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.12 to 0.185 mm. 
(av..0.1275 mm.). 

Alate viviparous female—Prevailing color pale to apple green 
Head, antennae, thorax, marginal spots on abdomen, cornicles, tip of 
cauda, femora, and tarsi all black. Antennae (fig. 289, 290) with the 
ustial primary sensoria on V and VI and the usual accessory sensoria 
on VI. IV without sensoria and III with from 6 to 11 fairly large 
circular secondary sensoria, the usual number being 8 (fig. 290). In 
this character it differs most markedly from the Main specimens, 
which have from 12 to 18 sensoria on III and from none to several 
on [V. The antennae are slightly shorter than the body although 
practically of the same length. III is the longest segment, closely 
followed by the spur, then by IV, V, VI, I and IJ. III and the spur 
are subequal, or either one or the other may be slightly the longer. 
In Patch’s drawing V_is a little longer than IV. In the California 
specimen IV is always slightly the longer of the two. In all the 
California specimens the antennal segments are all a little shorter 
than in the Maine material. Lateral tubercles are present on the pro- 
thorax; they are always present on the seventh abdominal segment, 
and may be present on any of the first few segments of the abdomen 
as well. In one case they were observed on the second and seventh 
segments, in another on the second, third, and seventh, in still another 
on the fourth, fifth, and seventh, and in a fourth case on the first, 
second, third, fourth, and seventh segments (fig. 292). The wings 
and venation are normal, with the second branch of the cubitus arising 
nearer to the tip of the wing than to the base of the first branch (fig. 
291). However, it is not quite so close to the wing tip as in the Maine 
specimens. The cornicles (fig. 292) are long and cylindrical. They 
are equal to or slightly shorter than V, and from one and one-half to 
two times as long as the hind tarsi. The cauda (fig. 292) is more or 
less ensiform, about one-half as long as the cornicles, reaching to the 
tip of the cornicles, and subequal to or slightly shorter than the hind 
tarsl. 

Measurements (of specimens mounted in Canadian balsam) : Body 
length, 1.53 to 1.65 mm. (av. 1.585 mm.) ; width of thorax 0.697 to 
0.765 mm. (av. 0.731 mm.), antennae total, 1.568 mm.; I, 0.068 to 
0.085 mm. (av. 0.0765 mm.) ; II, 0.051 mm.; III, 0.331 to 0.408 mm. 
(av. 0.8644 mm.) ; IV, 0.238 to 0.289 mm. (av. 0.2817 mm.) ; V, 0.221 
to 0.247 mm. (av. 0.2295 mm.); VI base, 0.085 to 0.111 mm. (av. 


100 University of California Publications in Entomology ([Vou.3 


0.1015 mm.); VI spur, 0.391 mm.; cornicles, 0.204 to 0.246 mm. (av. 
0.2179 mm.) ; cauda, 0.103 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.1084 mm.) ; hind tarsi, 
0.1386 mm. 


118. Aphis cooki Essig 
Figures 212 to 214 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 2, p. 323, 1910. Aphis gossypit Glover (desce.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 587, 1911 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Citrus sp., Pomona (Essig). 


In 1909, C. H. Vary, county horticultural inspector in Pomona, 
found a few orange trees heavily infested with this aphid. Prompt 
control measures were taken and since then it has never again been 
observed. Essig first thought it to be Aphis gossypu Glover and de- 
seribed it under that name. Later, however, he found it to be an 
undescribed species, so named it Aphis cooki n.sp. after Dr. A. J. Cook. 


119. Aphis cornifoliae Fitch 
Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 65, 1851 (orig. desce.). 


Records.—Cornus pubescens, Sanicula menziesii; San Francisco Bay region 
(Davidson). 


A species comparing very favorably with this has been taken by 
Davidson a number of times in the San Francisco Bay region. The 
fall and winter is spent on dogwood, the summer on gambleweed. 
Davidson writes as follows: 

This aphid [from Sanicula] certainly appears to be very close to what I have 
called (after Gillette) cornifoliae. Moreover, I have noticed that the two plants, 
dogwood and Sanicula, frequently grow near each other and that there appeared 


to be a migration of alates from the former just about the time there was a 
migration of the alates to the latter. 


This migration took place the latter part of April in 1916. 


120. Aphis crataegifolii Fitch 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 66, 1851 (orig. desc.). 
Sanborn, Kan. .Univ. Sci. Bull. 3, p. 53, 1904 (desce.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910 (list). 


Record.—Crataegus oxycantha; San Jose, Palo Alto (Davidson). 


This has been reported more or less abundant on hawthorne in the 
San Francisco Bay region. | According to A. C. Baker this is a good 
and distinct species and not a synonym of Aphis pomi De Geer, as 
formerly believed. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 101 


121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Figures 182, 187, 190, 205 to 207, 236, 237 


Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 736, 1794 (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. a p- 302, 1909. A. rwmicis Linn. (list, in 
part?). 

Essig, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 446, 1915. A. rumicis Linn. 
(list). 


Records—Althaea rosea, Berkeley, June, 1915; Hisbiscus moscheutos, Berkeley, 
July, 1915: Maytenus boaria, Berkeley, July, 1915; Mesembryanthemum equilat- 
erale, Stanford University, June, 1915; Silybum marianum, Stanford University, 
July, 1915: Urtica holoserica, Menlo Park, San Mateo County, January, 1915: 
Calendula officinale, Orange, February, 1917: Anthemis sp., Pasadena, April, 1917: 
Papaver sp., El Cajon, San Diego County, May, 1916 (Aphis papaveris Fabr.?): 
Vicia faba, Stanford University (Davidson), Oxnard (Essig, 1915), Montebello, 
Los Angeles County, December, 1916, Riverside, January to May 1917 (Aphis 
fabae Scop.?): Rumex spp., Palo Alto, January, 1912 (Davidson), Stanford 
University, March, 1912 (Morrison), March, 1915, Ventura County, May, 1917: 
Phaseolus spp., Ventura County, May, 1917 (Aphis rumicis Linn.?). 


There has been a great deal of confusion regarding the identity 
of this species of aphid, and as yet its synonomy is not worked out 
satisfactorily. The following is offered only provisionally by the 
author. The common black aphid has usually been considered as 
Aphis rumicis Linn., Aphis euonomi Fabr. being taken as a synonym, 
but according to Gillette, Linnaeus’ description calls for an aphid 
‘‘brassy brown in color, and not black according to the popular opin- 
ion; and its food plant should be species of Rumex.’’ He considers 
the common black species to be Aphis ewonomr Fabr., as does Mord- 
wilko in the European form. The author follows these two aphidol- 
ogists in placing Aphis rumicis Linn. of American authors (and later 
European authors) as a synonym of Aphis euonoms Fabr. He (..e., 
Gillette) writes, ‘‘whether or not it is synonymous with rumicis we 
are not certain, but we very much doubt this being the case.’’ As 
long ago as 1894, Osborn and Sirrine (Iowa Agr. Sta., Bull. 26, p. 
904, 1894) proved that the species which wintered in Iowa on 
Eucnymus migrated to Rumex and other plants in the summer. In 
California the author has been unable to find it at any time upon 
Euonymus, although this is a very common ornamental plant, especi- 
ally in the vicinity of Riverside. This may be due, however, to the 
mild winter climate of southern California, which permits plant lice to 
live throughout the winter, thus not necessitating the laying of eggs. 
Concerning the identity of the California species the author believes 
the form described briefly below to be Aphis euwonomi Fabr. The 


102 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou 


one following is probably the same species, and is the one described 
as Aphis papaveris by Fabricius. The species from Vicia faba is 
probably the species described as Aphis fabae Secop., which may be 
“synonymous with Aphis euonomi Fabr., but again may not be. The 
author tried a few transfer tests this spring (1917) with the form 
from Vicia, attempting to colonize it on Hedera helix and on Rumex 
spp., with negative results. Of course, this does not prove that it will 
not colonize on these plants, although the author has come to the conelu- - 
sion that the Hedera species is entirely different, being Aphis hederae 
Kalt. Dr. Patch?® in her interesting paper on aphid ecology makes 
the following statement regarding migration tests, which, it seems to 
the author, it is well to remember when making such tests: 

If an investigator fails in one hundred attempts to colonize thistle with 
migrants from plum, that will not be a safe reason for him to conclude that he is 
not working with Aphis cardui, or that this thistle aphid has nothing to do with 
the leaf deformations of the plum in the spring. It has been my experience that 
negative data with aphids under such conditions are just no data at all. If the 
structural characters are such as warrant the migration test in the first place, they 
warrant a patient continuation even in the face of repeated failures. 

On the other hand (and this is a most encouraging and stimulating circum- 
stance in connection with aphid migration tests), a single success goes a long way 


to prove the case. Barring complications, a single success is enough, and repe- 
titions and verifications are needed only as safeguards in that respect. 


The third description is from specimens taken on Rumex spp. and 
although shghtly different from the one considered as Aphis ewonomr 
Fabr., it may be the same, and it may be Aphis rumuicis Linn., but of 
this the author is doubtful. 

In the bean fields of Ventura County, this black bean aphis is very 
abundant, and often does considerable damage. In May, 1917, the 
bean plants were just beginning to appear, and as yet were not 
infested with the aphis. However, the native dock was quite heavily 
infested. It seems that the aphis lives over the winter on dock and 
perhaps on other native plants, migrating in the early summer to the 
beans. Here it lives throughout the summer, returning to dock when 
the beans have been harvested and the plants plowed under. Horti- 
cultural Commissioner A. A. Brock, of Ventura County, places great 
hope in the efficiency of Hippodamia convergens Guérin as a con- 
trolling factor. In the spring of 1917 he collected a vast number of 
these ladybird beetles in Sespe Canyon and turned them loose in the 
bean fields just as the aphids were beginning to appear. At the 
present time the results are unknown. 


16 Patch, Edith M., Concerning problems in Aphid ecology, Jour. Econ. Ent., 
vol. 9, pp. 44-51, 1917. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 103. - 


The following brief description was made from specimens col- 
lected from the first six host plants listed above, and is the one con- 
sidered as Aphis euonomi Fabr. 

Alate viviparous female.—Color apparently black, but on close 
examination it seems that the ground color is a very dark brown, 
eovered with a blackish tinge, with the following parts decidedly 
black: head, antennae, thoracic lobes, marginal spots and transverse 
bands on the abdomen, cornicles, tarsi, coxae, tips of tibiae, and apical 
one-half to two-thirds of the middle and hind femora. The tibiae and 
fore femora are pale, appearing whitish in life. The antennae are 
shorter than the body, III being the longest segment, followed closely 
by VI spur. In one case VI spur was slightly longer than III and 
in another equal to III. In all other specimens III was the longer 
segment. IV and V are subequal, V usually being slightly the 
shorter. There are from eleven to twenty-one secondary sensoria on 
III, of irregular size. These are scattered along the whole length of 
the segment, the distal five or six being in a more or less even line. 
The usual number is about twelve to fourteen. The number of 
secondary sensoria on IV range from none to seven, the modal number 
being two. In one specimen only were sensoria absent from IV; in 
another, one antenna had seven, the other having two, while in a 
third, one antenna had five, the other six. When there are more than 
two or three sensoria, they are all quite small, and can be clearly 
distinguished only by the higher power of a microscope. Two is the 
usual number, being located about the middle of the segment. V is 
usually without secondary sensoria, the primary sensorium being 
always present, however. In one specimen the antennae had one or 
two very small secondary sensoria on V, and in another specimen one 
antenna had one small sensorium, the other none. The usual primary 
and accessory sensoria are present on VI base. Lateral abdominal 
tubercles are always present on the seventh segment, usually on the 
first, and often on the second, third, fourth, or fifth. There are 
always at least three pair of these tubercles, and oftentimes more. 
One specimen had tubercles on the first, second, third, fourth, and 
seventh segments. The cornicles are black, imbricated, and taper 
noticeably from base to apex. They are quite constant in length, the 
variation being not more than 0.05 mm. in all the specimens examined. 
They are about half as long again as the hind tarsi. The cauda is 
concolorous with the abdomen, short and conical or ensiform, and 
subequal in length to the hind tarsi. The wings are normal, with the 
typical Aphis venation. 


104 University of California Publications in Entomology ([Vou.8 


Measurements: Body length, 1.53 to 1.989 mm. (av. 1.74 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.68 to 0.918 mm. (av. 0.765 mm.) ; antennae total, 
1.122 to 1.36 mm. (av. 1.272 mm.) ; III, 0.289 to 0.425 m.m (av. 0.3648 
mm.) ; 1V, 0.1955. to 0.272 mm; (av. 0.2266 mm); V,.0.187 tome 
mm. (av. 0.1885 mm.) ; VI, base 0.102 to 0.186 mm. (av. 0.1119 mm.) ; 
VI, spur 0.289 to 0.357 mm. (av. 0.3145 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.1785 to 
0.221 mm. (av. 0.2118 mm.) ; cauda, 0.186 to 0.162 mm. (av. 0.14875 
mm.) ; hind tarsus, 0.136 to 0152 mm, (av. 0.:1372%mm, ); 

Specimens taken by the author in May, 1916, on Papaver sp. (cul- 
tivated poppy) near El Cajon, San Diego County, seem to him to be 
Aphis papaveris Fabr. (Genera Insectorum, p. 303, 1717), and prob- 
ably are the same as the above species, although they may be different. 
There are from thirteen to fifteen irregular secondary sensoria on III 
as above, but IV and V are without secondary sensoria, with one 
exception, in which there was one small sensorium near the middle of 
IV. The cauda is equal to the hind tarsi, the cornicles being longer, 
and about the same comparative length as above. The third antennal 
segment appears to be longer in comparison than above in some speci- 
mens. Lateral abdominal tubercles are present on the first, third, and 
seventh abdominal segments. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.486 to 1.908 mm. (av. 1.711 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.595 to 0.765 mm. (av. 0.68 mm.) ; antennae total, 
1.224 to 1.848 mm. (av. 1.2878 mm.); III, 0.828 to 0.874 mm. (av. 
0.85386. mm.) ; TV, 0.2125 to 0:22 mm. (ay. 0.2193 mm.) Olea 
0.204 mm. (av. 0.2024 mm.); VI, base 0.102 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.1054 
mm.); VI, spur 0.255 to 0.34 mm. (av. 0.2992 mm.) ; cornicles; 0.187 
to 0.221 mm. (av. 0.204 mm.) ; cauda, 0.136 to 0.153 mm. (av. 0.142 
mm.) ; hind tarsus, 0.119 mm. 

Specimens taken by the author near Montebello, Los Angeles 
County, in December, 1916, and in Riverside from January to May, 
1917, on Vicia faba seem to be somewhat different from the fore- 
going, yet are very nearly identical. Gullette considers that they 
might possibly be Aphis fabae Scop., which may or may not be 
svnonymous with Aphis euonomi Fabr. Superficially, the coloring 
seems to be the same, although on close observation it appears to be 
a very dark green in ground color, covered with a blackish tinge. The 
legs are colored as above, however. 

Specimens from Rumex appear to have considerably more brown 
in the ground color than the preceding varieties. Secondary sensoria 
are located as follows: ITI, 14 to 24 (av. 18); IV, 4 to 7 (av. 5); V, 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 105 


I to 4 (av. 3). Lateral abdominal tubercles could be found only on 
the first and seventh segments. 

Alate viviparous female——Measurements: Body length, 1.768 to 
2.142 mm. (av. 1.942 mm.); width. of thorax, 0.782 to 1.054 mm. 
(av. 0.918 mm.) ; antennae total, 1.445 to 1.581 mm. (av. 1.496 mm.) ; 
III, 0.857 to 0.408 mm. (av. 0.394 mm.); IV, 0.255 to 0.823 mm. 
(av. 0.286 mm.); V, 0.204 to 0.255 mm. (av. 0.233 mm.); VI, base 
0.136 to 0.153 mm. (av. 0.1389 mm.); VI, spur 0.289 to 0.323 mm. 
(av. 0.306 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.187 to 0.255 mm. (av. 0.219 mm.) ; cauda, 
0.186 to 0.17 mm. (av. 0.153 mm.) ; hind tarsus, 0.119 to 0.153 mm. 
(av. 0.147 mm.). 

Apterous viviparous female—Measurements: Body length, 2.278 to 
2.448 mm. (av. 2.3403 mm.); antennae total, 1.309 to 1.598 mm. 
(av. 1.4382 mm.); III, 0.306 to 0.408 mm. (av. 0.3502 mm.); IV, 
0.221 to 0.306 mm. (av. 0.2618 mm.) ; V, 0.206 to 0.255 mm. (av. 0.238 
mm.) ; VI, base 0.119 to 0.17 mm. (av. 0.1894 mm.) ; VI, spur 0.289 to 
0.34 mm. (av. 0.3806 mm.) ; cauda, 0.17 to 0.204 mm. (av. 0.187 mm.) ; 
cornicle, 0.255 to 0.823 mm. (av. 0.289 mm.); hind tarsus, 0.153 to 
0.17 mm. (av. 0.167 mm.). 


122. Aphis frigidae Oestlund 


Oestlund, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., vol. 14, p. 46, 1886 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 132, 1913 (dese. stem mother). 


Records.—Artemisia californica; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County (David- 
son). 

In company with Macrosiphum artemisiae (Fonse.) this species is 
found on sagebrush in the San Francisco Bay region. Wilson reports 
it from Oregon, so probably it is distributed along the coast from the 
bay north. In the course of observations in southern California 
during a period of two years the author has been unable to find any 
aphids infesting sagebrush. . 


123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Figures 192, 193, 215 


Glover, Pat. Off. Rec., p. 62, 1854 (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 250, 1903 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 47, 1909. Aphis citrt Ashmead (desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 590, 1911 (dese.). 

Cook, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 65, 1912 (list). 

Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 398, 1912 (list). 

Weldon, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 2, p. 597, 1913 (list). 
Davidson, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 6, p. 65, 1917 (note). 


106 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou. 3 


Records.—Cucumis spp.; Newcastle, Placer County, Watsonville, Santa Cruz 
County (Clarke); Imperial County (Weldon); San Diego County, June, 1916: 
Cucurbita spp.; Alpine, San Diego County, June, 1916: Citrus spp.; Santa Paula, 
Claremont (Essig), Acampo, San Joaquin County (Carnes), San Diego, March, 
1916 (R. R. McLean); Whittier, May, 1917: Heraclewm lanatum; Berkeley, 
March, 1915 (Essig): Begonia; Stanford University, February, 1912 (Morrison), 
Riverside, January, 1917; Punica granatum, Stanford University, April, 1911 
(Davidson): Helianthus; Santa Ysabel, San Diego County, May, 1916: Persea 
gratissima; Avondale, San Diego County, August, 1916; Chrysanthemum; 
Ontario, January, 1917; EHschscholtzia californica; Ontario, January, 1917: 
Anthemis spp.; Pasadena, April, 1917 (R. E. Campbell): Pyrus spp.; Santa 
Cruz County (Volek), Nevada County (Norton). 


The melon or cotton aphis is distributed throughout the state and 
is found on a large number of host plants. On melons it is often a 
considerable pest, particularly in the Imperial Valley. In the apple 
sections of Santa Cruz and Nevada counties it often becomes abundant 
enough upon the young trees to cause considerable damage, according 
to County Horticultural Commissioners Volek and Norton. In San 
Diego County the author found an infestation on young avocado trees 
which was very severe. Oftentimes it becomes quite abundant in 
nurseries and greenhouses. 


124. Aphis hederae Kalt. 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 89, 1843 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909. A. rwmicis Linn. (list in 


part). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 2, p. 335, 1910 (dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910. A. rwmicis Linn. (list). 


Records.—Hedera helix; Stanford University (Davidson), March, 1912 (Mor- 
rison) ; Claremont, Los Angeles County (Essig); San Jose, May, 1911 (Davidson, 
Morrison); Oakland, November, 1916 (Davidson); Berkeley, April, 1915; Lemon 
Grove, San Diego County, March, 1916; Riverside, October, 1916: Chenopodiwm 
sp., Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, May, 1915 (Davidson). 


Throughout the San Francisco Bay region and southern Califor- 
nia a small dark brown to black aphid is often found in colonies on 
the tender shoots of English ivy. Essig deseribed it as Aphis hederae 
Kalt., but later it was believed to be Aphis rumicis Linn. (A. ewonomi 
Fabr.). However, a careful study of a large series of specimens of 
this aphid from ivy and of A. ewonomi Fabr. from a number of dif- 
ferent host plants has convinced the author that they are distinct. 
Gillette is of the same opinion. Consequently the species from ivy 
in California is Aphis hederae Kalt. In the author’s collection there 
is a specimen from Chenopodium sp. taken by Davidson that appears 
to be the same species. The most noticeable difference between this 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 107 


and Aphis ewonomi Fabr. is in the length of the cornicles, which are 
very much longer in this species. Measurements of specimens of the 
alates from Oakland, Walnut Creek, San J ose, and Riverside are 
herewith given: 

Measurements: Body length, 1.411 to 1.768 mm. (av. 1.621 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.714 to 0.782 mm. (av. 0.748 mm.) ; antennae total, 
1.411 to 1.549 mm. (av. 1.499 mm.) ; III, 0.323 to 0.391 mm. (av. 0.365 
mm.) ; IV, 0.272 to 0.823 mm. (av. 0.2914 mm.) ; V, 0.221 to 0.272 mm. 
(av. 0.2518 mm.) ; VI, base 0.119 to 0.1836 mm. (av. 0.311 mm.) ; VI, 
spur 0.306 to 0.34 mm. (av. 0.823 mm.) ; cauda, 0.186 mm.; cornicle, 
0.306 to 0.34 mm. (av. 0.3252 mm.) ; third tarsus, 0.119 to 0.136 mm. 
(av. 0.1237 mm.). 

It will be seen that the cornicles are considerably more than twice 
as long as the hind tarsi, in some eases practically three times, while 
in A. ewonoms Fabr., they are scarcely twice as long as the hind tarsi. 
In A. euonomi Fabr. the hind tarsi are longer than the base of VI, 
while the cornicles are shorter than VI spur. In A. hederae Kalt. VI 
spur and the cornicles are subequal or on the average the cornicles are 
very slightly longer, while VI base and the hind tarsi are also sub- 
equal, the tarsi being shorter on the average. The secondary sensoria 
in A. hederae Kalt. are small, irregular in size, and are scattered more 
or less irregularly along III but in a fairly even row along IV and V. 
They appear very much the same as in A. ewonomr Fabr. There are 
from thirteen to twenty on III, seventeen being the average; from 
five to nine on IV, seven and eight being the usual number; and 
usually one on V, although in a few eases there appear to be none. 


125. Aphis heraclei Cowen 


Cowen, Hemip. Colo., p. 120, 1895 (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, p. 339, 1917 (list). 


Record.—Heracleum montezzamum; Berkeley (Essig). 


Recently Essig reported having taken this species on Heraclewm 
in Berkeley. The author has specimens from Essig, although he has 
never collected it himself. This is the only report of the species since 
Cowen’s original report and description. 


126. Aphis houghtonensis Troop? 


Troop, Ent. News, vol. 17, p. 59, 1906 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 132, 1914 (list). 


Record.—Ribes sanguineum; Contra Costa County (Davidson). 


108 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Davidson reported a species of Aphis infesting the terminal leaves 
of wild currant in the canyons of Contra Costa County. He identified 
it provisionally as this species as he was uncertain. The author is 
unacquainted with it. 


127. Aphis lithospermi Wilson 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 41, p. 100, 1915 (orig. dese.). 


Record.—Lithospermum pilosum; California (Wilson). 


There is no definite record of this species in California, but it is 
listed here because Wilson added it to a list of the California Aphi- 
didae submitted to him by the author. 


128. Aphis maidis Fitch 
Figures 216 to 218 


Fitch, Insects N. Y., vol. 1, p. 318, 1855 (orig. desc.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 251, 1903 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 408, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Corn; Watsonville, Berkeley (Clarke); San Jose (Davidson) ; Lake- 
side, San Diego County, April, 1916; Chula Vista, San Diego County, August, 
1916: sorghum; Julian, San Diego County, August, 1916 (H. M. Armitage) ; 
Corona, Riverside County, September, 1916. 


Only occasionally is this corn aphis found in California, where it 
infests the ears and tassels and leaves of corn and some of the sor- 
ghums. Never has it been observed as injurious as is sometimes 
reported from the middle western states. 


129. Aphis malifoliae Fitch 
Figures 248 to 250 


Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., vol. 5, p. 14, 1854 (orig. desce.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. Aphis sorbi Kalt. (list). 
Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 400, 1912. A. sorbi Kalt. 


(list). 

Weldon, Mon. Bull. Cal. ‘Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 188, 1914. A. sorbi Kalt. 
(list). 

Baker and Turner, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 7, pp. 321-343, 1916 (complete 
account). 


Records.—Pyrus malus, P. communis ; Central and northern California; Orange 
County, May, 1917. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 109 


This is one of the most injurious of our California species of Aphis, 
being found in practically all of the apple-growing regions of the 
state, and in most of them necessitating some control measures. It 
has been reported on apple and pear in the following counties: Hum- 
boldt, Orange, Placer, Sacramento, Santa Clara, Shasta, Tehama, 
Nevada, Inyo, Santa Cruz, and Alameda. Probably it is present 
wherever apples are grown, with the exception of the southern Cali- 
fornia districts where it has never been observed. The apple is the 
primary host, and only occasionally has it been taken on pear. In 
May, 1917, Roy K. Bishop found it in Orange County, this being the 
first report of it south of the Tehachapi. 

The life history of this Aphis in California is as follows: 

In the fall and early winter the eggs are laid in the crotches of the 
twigs. These hatch in the following spring, the exact time depending 
upon the weather conditions but it is usually as the buds are begin- 
ning to show green, or as they are beginning to open. The author has 
observed the young stem mothers on the young buds of the apple in 
the latter part of March, although he has never been able to find the 
eges, either those yet unhatched or those from which the stem mothers 
have already hatched. Horticultural Commissioner Weatherby of 
Humboldt County writes that he has found the eggs hatching as early 
as February 24. He goes on to state that the eggs of Aphis pomi 
De Geer do not hatch until considerably later. Horticultural Com- 
missioner Norton of Nevada County has made the following observa- 
tions : 

The eggs of Aphis sorbi [malifoliae] are laid on the buds, or sometimes on 
the spurs close to the buds. At first they are hard to see as they are small and 
light green, but later they turn to a shiny black, when they can be more readily 
detected. The young aphids hatch as soon as the buds begin to swell, which time 


varies with the season. I have found them sometimes as early as the first of 
March and at other times as late as the middle of April. 


The stem mothers feed upon the plant juices through the buds, 
sometimes appearing on the outer surface of the buds and at other 
times crawling down into the unfolding leaves, as is the case with 
Aphis pomi De Geer. In a few weeks these are mature and begin to 
deposit live young. All of this second generation are apterous females 
so far as the author has been able to observe. On April 12, 1915, he 
found several colonies of these aphids in the apple orchard at Stanford 
University, each colony consisting of a stem mother and several young 
apterous viviparous females. These females mature in a few weeks 


110 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 


and a third generation is begun. The most usual place to find the 
second and third generations is in the curled terminal leaves of the 
plant. These leaves are curled very similarly to those by the green 
apple aphis (Aphis pomt De Geer), but they are curled a great deal 
tighter. Winged females may appear in this third generation, but 
it is most usual to find them in the fourth. Horticultural Commis- 
sioner Volek of Santa Cruz County states that he has counted four 
generations before the summer migration. During May, 1915, the 
author collected many colonies of this Aphis and placed them in vials 
in the laboratory. Many others he attempted to colonize on some 
apple seedlings. Owing to various causes he was unable to make any 
successful colonizations on the apple trees, one of the chief causes 
being the destructive work of coccinellid larvae. Also during the 
first few days of June he was forced to be absent from town and on 
his return found that the gardener had ‘‘cleaned’’ the trees, for 
‘‘they were all covered with lice.’’ Until May 25 no alate females 
had been found, but on that date two appeared in the laboratory. On 
May 10, 1917, alates were found in Orange County. 

These alate females of the fourth (perhaps sometimes they appear 
in the third) generation migrate from the apple to some unknown 
host. At Stanford University in 1915 the migration began about 
the first of June and continued for some two or three weeks. On 
June 20 only two or three colonies, each consisting of but a very few 
individuals, were found where a month before there had been literally 
hundreds. The curled leaves still hung on the trees and in each 
eurled leaf the moulted skins of the aphid were abundant. From 
Commissioner Norton of Nevada County comes the statement that he 
has known the migrants ‘‘to leave the trees as early as the middle 
of June, but the migration usually takes place between the first and 
the fifteenth of July. Where they go I have never been able to find 
out, as I have never observed them on any other host plant.’’ 

According to O. E. Bremner, Horticultural Commissioner of 
Sonoma County, the migration takes place there during June. This 
is the same as in Santa Clara County. In Orange County in 1917 
the alate females appeared about the first of May. Migration began 
almost immediately and continued for two or three weeks. By May 24 
only a very few aphids remained. This is fully a month earlier than 
migration takes place north of the Tehachapi. Incidentally the spring 
of 1917 was exceedingly cool and the summer very late. In normal 
years one would expect the aphids to leave the apple two or three 
weeks earlier. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California inal 


The summer host plant of this aphid is as yet unknown in Cali- 
fornia. During June, 1915, the author spent many hours in seareh 
of this host plant, but to no avail. He examined every kind of plant 
within two or three hundred yards of the apple orchard at Stanford 
University, but on none was he able to find any aphid that could pos- 
sibly be the summer form of Aphis malifoliae Fitch. Bremner reports 
having found isolated individuals on pigweed (Amaranthus retro- 
flecus) in Sonoma County, but believes this to be accidental for he has 
never observed them to deposit young on this plant. Davidson writes 
that he has been able to colonize them in the laboratory on the leaves 
of plantain (Plantago spp.), in fact has been able to have them repro- 
duce in such large numbers as to kill the plants. On May 28, 1915, 
the author placed two alate females from apple leaves on each of two 
specimens of Plantago hirtella under bell jars in the laboratory at 
Stanford University. On returning to town on June 10 he found that 
the plants were in a dying condition, owing to a lack of proper care 
during his absence. However, he found many young lice present, all 
of which were alive and feeding. The adult alate females had already 
died. By June 16 the lice had moulted once, but then the plants were 
practically dead. He left Stanford within a few days not to return, 
so was unable to begin fresh experiments along this line. In his search 
for the alates in the field he was particularly careful to examine 
closely every plantain plant in the vicinity, but could find no trace of 
this aphid on them. Davidson also reports the same lack of success. 
Consequently, although the alates will deposit young on plaintain 
in the laboratory it cannot very well be the natural summer host in 
this state. Baker and Turner have proven that Plantago lanceolata 
is the summer host in Virginia. W. H. Britain has observed a definite 
migration to plaintain in Nova Scotia (Proce. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, 
vol. 1, pp. 16-30, 1915). Incidentally he has been able to breed it 
throughout the summer on apple. In Orange County, in the vicinity 
of the known infestations, the author was unable to find any plaintain 
whatsoever. On inquiring of Roy K. Bishop, the county horticultural 
commissioner, it was learned that plaintain is very searce in that 
county, except very near to the coast, and that it is exceedingly doubt- 
ful if there is any in the vicinity of the known aphid infestations. 

The fall migrants begin to return to the apple some time during 
the fall and deposit living males and females. From Nevada County 
comes the report that the migrants return to the apple ‘‘between the 
twentieth of September and the first of October.’’ Davidson has taken 
the oviparous females and the alate males on December 5 (1912) at 


ie University of California Publications in Entomology ([VoL.3 


Sebastopol; Morrison has taken the sexes at Stanford University on 
December 16 (1910); Moznette of the Oregon station has taken the 
migrants as late as the middle of November at Corvallis, Oregon. 
Consequently, egg laying probably occurs from the middle of October 
well into December in the various parts of California. Commissioner 
Norton states: ‘‘The first eggs that I have seen were observed about 
the fifteenth of October. However, they continue egg laying, in 
favorable years, well along into November. ’’ 

The injury caused by this aphid is done entirely in the spring of 
the year, before the summer migration, and consists in the curling of 
the terminal leaves. The colonies are found usually in the leaves 
surrounding a cluster of apples, and although most of the feeding is 
on the leaves themselves oftentimes they feed upon the fruit. In 
such a case the fruit (according to Weldon, ‘‘ Apple Growing in Cali- 
fornia,’’ Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., p. 86, 1915) ‘‘is injured to 
such an extent that it becomes stunted and not only fails to mature, 
but is distorted so badly that the variety may not be recognizable.’’ 
In Nevada County, Commissioner Norton reports: ‘‘The purple aphis 
unless controlled lessens the apple crop from ten to fifteen per cent.’’ 
This is a higher percentage, undoubtedly, than is common throughout 
the state, but it shows how serious the pest may be. 


130. Aphis marutae Oestlund 
Figures 293 to 299 
Oestlund, Minn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 14, p. 40, 1886 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Silybum marianum; Grossmont, San Diego County, April, 1916: 
Centaurea melitensis; El Cajon, San Diego County, May, 1916. 


In April, 1916, the author observed a small aphid on milk thistle 
near Grossmont, San Diego County, and later on tacalote in the 
El Cajon Valley. It infested the smaller leaves, the leaf petioles, and 
the base of the flowers. Large numbers of ants were in attendance, 
but it was preyed upon extensively by the larvae and adults of Cocci- 
nella californica. A considerable number of adults of Lysiphlebus 
testacevpes Cresson were reared from colonies of this aphid. Being 
unknown to the author specimens were sent to J. J. Davis and E. O. 
Essig, both of whom determined the species to be Aphis marutae Oest- 
lund. Inasmuch as Oestlund’s descriptions are the only ones avail- 
able, a brief description is given below of specimens taken May 1, 
1916, on Silybum marianum in San Diego County. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 113 


Alate viviparous female.—Prevailing color pale to olive green. 
Head and prothorax dark olive green, thoracic lobes almost black. 
Abdomen pale green with marginal spots and patch on dorsum dusky. 
Legs pale except tarsi, apex of tibiae, and apical two-thirds of femora. 
Antennae, cornicles, and ecauda dusky. Beak pale at base and dusky 
at tip. 

Head (fig. 293) not quite as long as broad, with a prominent 
tubercle at apex of front and small but distinct projections from head 
on inner side of first antennal segments. Antennae about same length 
as body or slightly longer or slightly shorter (figs. 294-295). III and 
the spur are about equal or III shghtly longer, never shorter than 
spur. IV about one-half as long as III. V either shorter or equal to 
IV. VI shorter than V and about one-third as long as spur. I and II 
subequal and slightly shorter than VI. The usual primary sensoria 
are present on V and VI and the accessory sensoria on VI. III is 
tuberculate and IV is slightly so. IV has from two to six small, 
circular secondary sensoria and III from eleven to fifteen irregularly 
placed (fig. 294). The beak reaches considerably beyond the second 
coxae, in some eases almost to the third. 

The prothorax is without lateral tubercles. The wings are about 
twice as long as the body with normal venation. The stigmal vein is 
curved its entire length, the second branch of the cubitus arises about 
midway between the tip of the wing and the base of the first branch. 

The abdomen is without lateral tubercles in so far as the author 
can discern. The cornicles (fig. 299) are short and taper slightly 
from base to apex. They are about equal in length to the third tarsi, 
are almost one-half as wide at base as long, and about one-third 
as wide at apex as long. The cauda (fig. 298) is short and blunt 
(conical) and about two-thirds as long as the cornicles. The anal 
plate is half-moon-shaped and dusky at its distal edge. 

Measurements (of specimens in Canada balsam): Body length, 
0.918 to 1.02 mm. (av. 0.9248 mm.) ; width (thorax), 0.34 to 0.442 mm. 
(av. 0.4082 mm.) ; antennae total, 0.885 to 1.02 mm. (av. 0.942 mm.) ; 
I, 0.034 to 0.051 mm. (av. 0.037 mm.); II, 0.034 to 0.051 mm. (av. 
0.048 mm.) ; III, 0.225 to 0.2975 mm. (av. 0.2601 mm.) ; IV, 0.117 to 
0.17 mm. (av. 0.152 mm.); V, 0.1105 to 0.186 mm. (av. 0.1346 mm.) ; 
VI, 0.068 to 0.102 mm. (av. 0.08383 mm.); spur, 0.204 to 0.272 mm. 
(av. 0.2295 mm.) ; ecornicles 0.0850 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.0978 mm.) ; 
eauda, 0.0595 to 0.068 mm. (av. 0.0624 mm.); hind tarsi, 0.085 to 
0.102 mm. (av. 0.0901 mm.) ; wing length, 1.921 to 1.955 mm. (av. 
1.928 mm.) ; wing width, 0.661 mm.; wing expansion, 4.556 mm. 


114 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Apterous viviparous female.—The apterae are quite similar to the 
alates except that the thorax is not dark, and that the second, third, 
and basal three-fourths of the fourth antennal segments are pale. 
There are no secondary sensoria (fig. 296) and no lateral tubercles 
on prothorax and abdomen (fig. 297). The individuals are slightly 
larger and the proportions of the antennal segments differ shghtly 
from the alates. The measurements of specimens mounted in Canada 
balsam are as follows: 

Measurements: Body length, 1.00 to 1.04 mm. (av. 1.026 mm.) ; 
width (abdomen), 0.595 to 0.629 mm. (av. 0.6064 mm.) ; antennae 
total, 0.561 to 0.697 mm. (av. 0.6151 mm.) ; III, 0.102 to 0.1386 mm. 
(av. 0.1218 mm.); IV, 0.0765 to 0.1105 mm. (av. 0.0906 mm.); V, 
0.068 to 0.085 mm. (av. 0.0765 mm.) ; VI, 0.595 to 0.0765 mm. (av. 
0.068 mm.) ; spur, 0.1615 to 0.1785 mm. (ay. 0.1711 mm.) ; cornicles, 
0.0765 to 0.11 mm. (av. 0.09385 mm.) ; cauda, 0.0595 mm.; hind tarsi, 
0.102 mm. (Description from nine specimens of apterae). It will 
be noticed that in the apterae the antennae are but about two-thirds 
as long as the body, while in the alates they are almost as long as the 
body. Furthermore, in the apterae the spur of the sixth antennal 
segment is always longer than III while in the alates it is equal to III 
at the most, and in many eases shorter. 


131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Figure 189 


Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 94, 1854 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909 (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 376, 1910 (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 527, 1911 .(dese.). 


Records.—Medicago hispida; Stanford University (Davidson), April, 1914 
(R. W. Haegele): Astragalus leucopsis; Nordhoff, Ventura County (Hssig): Vicia 
faba, lima bean, Pasadena (R. E. Campbell). 


This small dark Aphis has been found occasionally in California, 
particularly on alfalfa and beans. Such other plants as loco weed, 
licorice, sagebrush, locust, and others are said to be hosts. The author 
has never collected it himself, but has had access to specimens taken 
by Essig, Haegele, and Campbell. Davidson has reared the braconid 
fly, Lysipheebus testaceipes Cresson, from this aphid. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 115 


132. Aphis middletonii Thomas 
Figures 219, 220 
Thomas, 8th Ann. Rep. Ill. St. Ent., p. 99, 1879 (orig. dese.). 


Records.—Amaranthus retroflexus; Santa Paula, August, 1911 (Essig): Ran- 
unculus californicus; Julian, San Diego County, June, 1916: Hemizonia rudis; 
Stanford University, 1916 (Ferris): Helianthus annuus; Riverside, September, 
1916. 


In the fall of the year this species is rather common on the roots 
of various plants in California. The individuals are small green 
aphids, covered with a slight pulverulence. They are very similar 
to Aphis maidis-radicis Forbes, with which they have often been con- 
fused, and differ particularly in the presence of secondary sensoria 
on the fourth antennal segment of the apterae. Below are a few 
descriptive notes taken from specimens mounted in balsam, collected 
in 1916 in Julian and Riverside, and in 1911 near Santa Paula: 

Alate viviparous female.—Greenish, pruinose. Head, antennae, 
thorax, marginal spots on abdomen, cornicles, cauda, apical one-half 
femora, apices tibiae, tarsi, and apex of beak, black. Antennae reach 
to the base of the second abdominal segment; III being the longest 
segment, followed by VI spur. IV and V are subequal, VI base 
shghtly shorter. The usual primary and accessory sensoria are pres- 
ent. Secondary sensoria occur on III and IV (fig. 220). There are 
nine to twelve on III, and one to four on IV. The average numbers 
are eight and two respectively. The beak reaches to the third coxae. 
Prominent lateral tubercles are present on the first and seventh 
abdominal segments, as well as on the prothorax. The cornicles are 
short and taper slightly toward the apex. They are subequal in 
length to the hind tarsi, and very slightly larger than the cauda. The 
wings are normal, with the second branch of the third discoidal arising 
nearer to the apex of the wing than to the base of the first branch. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.65 to 1.7 mm. (av. 1.674 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.561 mm.; antennae total, 0.816 to 0.918 mm. (av. 
0.884 mm.) ; III, 0.204 to 0.255 mm. (av. 0.2388 mm.); IV, 0.11 ‘to 
0.119 mm. (av. 0.1169 mm.) ; V, 0.11 to 0.136 mm. (av. 0.1275 mm.) ; 
VI, base 0.085 to 0.102 mm. (av. 0.0986 mm.) ; VI, spur 0.204 mm. ; 
cauda, 0.102 mm.; cornicles, 0.1275 to 0.136 mm. (av. 0.1332 mm.) ; 
hind tarsus, 0.119 to 0.136 mm. (av. 0.1303 mm.) ; wing length, 1.904 
to 2.38 mm. (av. 2.159 mm.); width, 0.731 to 0.85 mm. (av. 0.815 
mm.) ; expansion, 4.3 to 5.1 mm. (av. 4.717 mm.). 


116 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou.3 


Apterous viviparous female.—These are very similar to the alate 
females, only slightly larger. The antennae are dusky throughout 
except the base of III. They reach to the base of the first abdominal 
segment. III is the longest segment. VI spur is next, being about 
two-thirds as long. IV, V, and VI base are subequal, with V some- 
what shorter than the others. The usual primary and accessory sen- 
soria are present on V and VI. III has two or three small secondary 
sensoria located in the apical one-third of the segment. IV has from 
one to three in the apical one-half. The prothorax and the first and 
seventh abdominal segments each have a pair of conspicuous lateral 
tubercles. The cornicles are black and somewhat larger than in the 
alates, being slightly longer than the hind tarsi. The cauda is a 
little shorter than the hind tarsi. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.632 to 1.785 mm. (av. 1.708 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.748 to 0.85 mm. (av. 0.799 mm.) ; antennae total, 
0.867 to 0.969 mm. (av. 0.9265 mm.) ; III, 0.2465 to 0.289 mm. (av. 
0.2685 mm.) ; IV, 0.102 to 0.186 mm. (av. 0.119 mm.); V, 0.102 to 
0.119 mm. (av. 0.1105 mm.) ; VI, base 0.119 mm.; VI, spur 0.1615 to 
0.187 mm. (av. 0.17 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.153 to 0.17 mm. (av. 0.1615 
mm.) ; cauda 0.119 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.136 mm. 


133. Aphis mori Clarke 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 251, 1903 (orig. desc.). 
Record.—Morus sp., Berkeley (Clarke). 


This is a rather doubtful species, described by Clarke from speci- 
mens taken on mulberry in Berkeley. Since the original description 
it has never again been observed. 


134. Aphis neomexicana Ckll. var. pacifica Dvdn. 
Figures 300, 302 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 293, 1917 (orig. dese. var.). 
Records.—kibes rubrum; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, and San Jose 
(Davidson). 


Davidson described this variety from specimens found curling the 
leaves of cultivated red currant in Walnut Creek in J une, 1915. 
What he takes to be the same species he had already collected in San 
Jose in May, 1912. The author has specimens from him, but has never 
collected any himself. 


1919] Swam: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 117 


135. Aphis nerii Fonsc. 
Figures 221, 222 


Boyer de Fonscolombe, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 10, p. 167, 1841 (orig. 
dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. A. lutescens Monell (list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911. A. lutescens Monell (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 401, 1911. A. lutescens Monell (desc.). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 530, 1911 (desc.) 

Branigan, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 53, 1915 (list). 


Records.—Asclepias mexicana; Stanford University (Davidson); Stanford 
University, October, 1910 (Morrison) ; Penryn, Placer County (Davidson) ; south- 
ern California (Essig); Berkeley, July to September, 1915: Nerium oleander; 
southern California (Essig) ; Sacramento (Branigan) ; Berkeley, August to Decem- 
ber, 1915; San Diego, 1916. 


In the late spring, summer, and early fall milkweeds throughout 
the state are often seen to be infested with a bright yellow and black 
aphid. In the fall and early winter this same species is found infest- 
ing oleanders. Where oleanders are present but no milkweeds this 
aphid can be found from spring until winter on the oleander, as 
observed during 1916 in San Diego. 

Heretofore the species on oleander and milkweed have been con- 
sidered as distinct, the former being called A. lutescens Monell, the 
latter A. ners Fonse. According to a note from J. J. Davis the 
species on milkweed could not be A. lutescens Monell. Following are 
extracts from his letters concerning this point: 


I am wondering whether you have ever found winged specimens on Asclepias 
that do not bear the black markings at the base of the cornicles. All the speci- 
mens that I have collected and which Mr. Monell has collected in recent years have 
these black markings at the base of the cornicles in the winged forms. However, 
in referring to an old note from Mr. Monell, he says that it would seem hardly 
possible that he could have missed these dark spots if they had been present in 
the specimens from which he drew his description for Aphis lutescens, and re- 
marks further that he is not sure that he has ever seen A. lutescens alive since he 
first described it. I am wondering if lutescens is not really asclepiadis of Pass- 
erini and whether our other common species on Asclepias and Nerium is not 
nertt Fonse. 


During the summer of 1915 the author found this species on 
Asclepias in the Botannical Gardens at the University of California. 
During July and August it was quite abundant; in fact, it was 
especially thick on the stems and undersides of the leaves and blossoms. 
However, in the latter part of August it seemed to be getting less 


118 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


and less numerous. No sign of parasites was present, and the pre- 
daceous enemies were not more abundant than usual, so a search for 
the cause was made. Within fifty feet of the milkweed plants several 
oleanders were found and on them was noticed a large yellow species 
of Aphis. This supposedly was Aphis nerii Fonse. In the laboratory 
the author could find no structural difference whatsoever between this 
species and the one on Asclepias, so he continued to watch them care- 
fully on the hosts. As the days passed the Asclepias became freer and 
freer of the infestation, while the Neriwm became more and more 
heavily infested. This continued through September and into October, 
by which time the Asclepias had died down and incidentally no aphids 
were left. The Neriwm was very heavily infested then. This was 
taken as a good proof that these were the same species. Later Hssig 
told the author that the summer before (1914) he had made transfer 
tests in the laboratory of specimens from Asclepias to Nervwm and 
that they thrived there and bred well. This fact and the observations 
above mentioned were noted in a letter to Davis. Following is his 
answer : 

I have your letter relative to Aphis asclepiadis and nerit, and am interested 
in your observations. In 1914, Theobald described a species under the name of 
Aphis nigrepes, which he now places as a variety of asclepiadis. He considers 
nertt as distinet from asclepiadis because the latter lacks the black patches at 
the base of the cornicles. Passerini’s asclepiadis is entirely different from Fitch’s 
Aphis asclepiadis. Fitech’s name has priority for, as you will notice, it was 
described in 1851. This being the case, Passerini’s name will have to fall and 


be replaced by Aphis lutescens of Monell, which according to Mr. Monell’s data 
does not bear the black patches around the base of the cornicles. 


This would seem to indicate that the California species on Asclepias 
is Aphis nerw Fonse. and not A. lutescens Monell, as brought out by 
Kssig’s experiment and by the author’s observation. Consequently 
this Californian species is Aphis nervt Fonse., with Asclepias for its 
summer host and Neriwm for the winter host. 


136. Aphis oenotherae Oestlund 


Oestlund, Minn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. 4, p. 62, 1887 (orig. dese.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903 (list). 


Record.—Oenothera bectiana; Epilobium sp., Berkeley (Clarke). 


In 1903 Clarke recorded finding this species on primrose and 
willow herb in Berkeley. Since then it has not been observed in Cali- 
fornia. The author has had the opportunity to study specimens from 
Minnesota, taken by A. C. Maxson. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 119 


137. Aphis oregonensis Wilson 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 41, p. 92, 1915 (orig. desc.). 


fecord.—Artemisia tridentata, California (Wilson). 


Wilson stated to the author that he had taken this species in 
California although he gave no locality or date records. On the 
strength of his statement it is included among the California aphids. 
The author has never seen specimens of it. 


138. Aphis persicae-niger Smith 
Figures 223, 224 


Smith, Ent. Am., p. 101, 1890 (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903 (list). 

Gillette, Jour. Eeon. Ent., vol. 1, p. 308, 1908 (desce.). 

Weeks, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 244, 1912 (list). 
Jones, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 318, 1912 (list). 

Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 399, 1912 (list). 
Wood, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 2, p. 570, 1913 (list). 


Records.—Prunus spp.; throughout California. 


This species is ordinarily found infesting the tender twigs and 
leaves of peach in the spring and early summer. Occasionally it is 
found on nectarine, plum, and cherry. There are two records of its 
occurrence on cherry known to the author; one in San Jose in May, 
1912, by Davidson, and one in El Cajon, San Diego County, in May, 
1916, by the author. Definite reports of its presence on peach come 
from Los Angeles, Placer, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernardino, 
San Diego, Santa Clara, and Tehama couhties. In May, 1916, the 
author observed it doing considerable damage to a young peach orchard 
in the El Cajon Valley, San Diego County. Many of the twigs and 
some of the larger branches were killed back for several inches, due 
to the ravages of this insect. . 

The Hippodamia ladybird and the larvae of a syrphid fly were 
abundant and devouring vast numbers of the aphids. However, it is 
not often that this appears abundant enough to cause any great 
amount of damage. 

Its life history, although not thoroughly worked out, is interesting. 
The following brief summary is from Essig :"* 


The insect winters over on the roots of the peach trees, where it may also be 
found in the summer. The first aphids appear above ground very early in the 


17 Essig, E. O., Beneficial and injurious insects of California; ed. 2. Suppl. 
Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, pp. 91-92, 1915. 


120 =9U mversity of Califorma Publications in Entomology [ VoL. 3 


spring and begin attacking the tender leaflets, shoots and suckers, usually those 
at the base of the tree or nearest the ground. These first plant lice are all wing- 
less. As soon as the buds, young fruit, and leaves appear they are promptly 
attacked, the entire crop often being entirely ruined. The leaves are curled and 
weakened, while the young fruit is so distorted as to be killed or rendered unfit 
for market. During the months of April and May winged migratory females 
appear, which start colonies on other trees. The work continues until about the 
middle of July, when most of the lice leave the tops and again go to the roots. 


139. Aphis pomi De Geer 
Figures 225 to 227 


De Geer, Memoires, vol. 3, p. 173, 1773 (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 301, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1911 (list). Aphis mali Fabr. 
Weatherby, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 318, 1912 (list). 
Carnes, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 1, p. 399, 1912 (list). 

Branigan, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 285, 1915 (list). 
Hurdley, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 445, 1915 (list). 

Baker and Turner, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 5, pp. 955-995, 1916 (complete 
account). 


Records.—Pyrus malus; Crataegus oxycantha; Catalpa sp.; California. 


In California this species has been reported on apple and haw- 
thorn (Crataegus sp.) at Stanford University by Davidson and 
Morrison; in Humboldt County by Weatherby; at Santa Rosa by 
Carnes; and by others in Orange, Placer, Sonoma, Santa Cruz, San 
Bernardino, and Monterey counties. Horticultural Commissioner 
Armitage states that it has never been found in San Diego County, 
and Horticultural Commissioner Norton writes that it is unknown in 
Nevada County. These are the only two of the apple growing regions 
of the state in which it is not known. The author has found it at 
Stanford University on apple, catalpa, pear, and hawthorn, and at 
Marysville on ecatalpa. Gillette lists loquat, quince, and flowering 
erab as additional hosts. It seems to prefer the apple to other hosts, 
and it is on the apple that its greatest injury is done. Gillette states: 
‘‘ Among the apple trees it has its preference. Missouri Pippin seems 
to be its first choice, while Rome Beauty, Black Twig, Ben Davis, and 
a few others are second choice, and the Northern Spy is seareely 
attacked.’’ The fact that the Northern Spy is almost immune is 
interesting in that this variety is also quite immune to the devastations 
of the woolly aphis (Hriosoma lamgera Hausman). 

The life history of this aphid is quite similar to that of many other 
species, and is as follows: 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 121 


The eggs are laid in the fall of the year, probably during the latter 
part of October, throughout November, and on into December. They 
are laid for the most part on the smooth bark of the suckers and water 
sprouts of the newer shoots. The author has found them in the 
crotches of the twigs and stems where the bark is rougher, but this is 
not the usual place. These eggs hatch in the spring about the time 
the buds begin to show green. In California this is usually during 
March, although some seasons it is as early as the middle of February, 
depending entirely upon the weather conditions. These stem-mothers 
at first feed on the young buds, until the latter have opened enough 
to allow the aphids to crawl down into the curled leaves. Here they 
feed for two or three weeks, when they mature and begin depositing 
hving young. This second generation consists chiefly of apterous 
females, which mature in from two to four weeks and in turn produce 
young. The following generations are in large part alate females 
which migrate to other trees and there form new colonies. The alates 
are most common at Stanford University during the latter part of 
May and during the month of June. After June they seem to lessen 
in number, perhaps due to the predaceous and parasitic enemies. The 
first alates that the author has found in the spring were taken at 
Stanford University on April 18, 1914. In the fall, often as early as 
October, sexual males and females begin to appear, the males being 
apterous, the females alate. These mate and very soon the female 
lays its eggs. Egg laying begins usually in the latter part of October, 
just as the leaves are beginning to fall, and continues into: December 
after the trees are bare. These eggs hatch in the spring into stem 
mothers, and the life cycle is completed. 


140. Aphis prunorum Dobr. 
Figures 228 to 230 


Dobrowljansky, Zur Biol. d. Blattlause d. Abstbaume u. Biirenstaucher, 1913 
(orig. desce.). 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 262, 1914 (desc. note). 


Records.—Prunus domestica; Walnut Creek (Davidson) ; San Francisco, April, 
1915 (Shinji). 


A species of Aphis, supposed to be this species, has been taken on 
prune and plum in the San Francisco Bay region. It agrees very well 
with Dr. Patch’s description listed. However, it may prove to be 
synonymous with Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.). 


122 University of California Publications in Entomology [V0.3 


141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 
Figure 231 
Davis, Can. Ent., vol. 46, p. 231, 1914 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Brassica spp.; Walnut Creek (Davidson), San Diego, Riverside: 
Raphanus sp., Riverside, September, 1916, June, 1917: Matthiola annua, Riverside, 
February to May, 1917. 


Oftentimes in the spring this false cabbage aphis is found in large 
colonies on radish, mustard, and so forth. Davidson has taken it in 
the San Francisco Bay region, and the author throughout southern 
California. The first few times that it was observed by the author 
colonies of Aphis brassicae Linn. were also abundant. This led the 
author to doubt its validity, and to undertake some breeding experi- 
ments. In February, 1917, two colonies were started, each from one 
alate female. They were followed through three generations, with the 
result that all the individuals proved to be this species. At the same 
time a colony of Aphis brassicae Linn. was started from one alate. 
All the progeny of this individual proved to be the same. A. pseudo- 
brassicae Davis differs from A. brassicae Linn. in the following major 


points: 
A. pseudobrassicae Davis: A. brassicae Linn.: 
Apterae not pulverulent. Apterae pulverulent. 
Cornicles of apterae longer than hind Cornicles of apterae shorter than 
tarsi. hind tarsi. 
IV of alates with sensoria. IV of alates without sensoria. 


142. Aphis ramona Swain 
Figures 232 to 235 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 14, 1918 (orig. desc.). 

Records.—Ramona stachyoides; Nordhoff and Santa Paula, Ventura County 
(Swain). 

This species has been taken twice in Ventura County by Kssig. 
It was described by the author from the specimens taken by Essig on 
black sage. 


143. Aphis rubiphila Patch 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 269, 1914 (orig. desc.). 
Records.—Rubus spp.; San Jose, May, 1916 (Davidson). 
In the summer of 1916 Davidson found.a species of Aphis infesting 
loganberries and blackberries in San Jose, which was determined by 
Dr. Patch as A. rubiphila Patch. Essig believes this to be a synonym 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 123 


of A. gossypu Glover, but as the author has not had an opportunity 
to study specimens he believes it best to recognize it as a distinct 
species at present. 


144. Aphis salicicola Thomas 


Figures 188, 238, 237 


Thomas, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2, p. 8,.1879 (orig. desce.). 
Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 139, 1910 (desce.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 408, 1912 (list). 


Records.—Salix laevigata; Berkeley, June, 1915: Salix, sp.; San Jose (David- 
son). 


This is an uncommon species, found in the San Francisco Bay 
region on willow. The individuals are found in large colonies on 
the terminal shoots and leaves. These colonies consist in large part 
of apterae, there being but a very few alates. The species is quite 
easily recognized by the long cornicles and by the very short second 
branch of the third discoidal vein. 


145. Aphis sambucifoliae Fitch 
Figure 240 


Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. 66, 185. (orig. desce.). 
Sanborn, Kan. Univ. Sci. Bull. 3, p. 52, 1904 (dese.). 


Records.—Sambucus glauca; Oakland, April, 1915 (Essig); Berkeley, July, 
1915. 


In 1915 this species was taken twice, once by Essig in Oakland 
and once by the author in Berkeley. This medium-sized black aphid 
occurs in large colonies on the tender shoots and flower heads of the 
common elderberry. In southern California the author has examined 
hundreds of elderberry trees for this form, but has never found it. 
Only once has he found any aphid on elderberry in the south, and 
these proved to be Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.). 


146. Aphis senecio Swain 
Figures 2, 4, 6, 241 to 245 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 302, 1909. Aphis sp. (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. A. bakert Cowen (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 133, 1914. A. bakeri. Cowen (list). 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 16, 1918. 


Records.—Abutilon sp.; Stanford University, February, 1915: Ambrosia 
psilostachya; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig): Amsinckia spp.; Stanford University, 1909 
(Davidson), 1912' (Morrison); Berkeley, 1915 (Hssig): Anthemis spp.; San 


124 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vous 


Francisco Bay region, 1914 (Davidson); Pasadena, May, 1917 (Roy E. Camp- 
bell): Artemisia spp.; San Francisco Bay region, 1914 (Davidson); Berkeley, 
1915 (Essig): Aster sp.; San Diego, January, 1916; Ontario, January, 1917: 
Baccharis pilularis; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig), Stanford University, 1916 (Ferris) : 
Calendula officinale; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig); San Diego, March, 1916; Riverside 
and Orange, February, 1917: Chrysanthemum sp.; Berkeley, 1914° (Essig) ; Octo- 
ber, 1915; Menlo Park, San Mateo County, March, 1915; San Diego, January, 
1916; La Jolla, February, 1916; Ontario, January, 1917: Cytisus proliferus; 
Berkeley, 1915 (Essig): Gnapholium sp.; Walnut Creek, 1914 (Davidson): Grin- 
delia cuneifolia; Walnut Creek, 1915 (Davidson): Helianthus annuus; San Fran- 
cisco Bay region, 1914 (Davidson): Rumex sp.; Stanford University, March, 
1915; Salix sp.; Berkeley, 1915 (Essig): Senecio spp.; Stanford University, 1909, 
1910, 1914 (Davidson) ; Santa Paula, 1911 (Essig) ; Palo Alto, February, 1915. 


This is a very common species throughout California, occurring 
on many host plants, particularly the Compositae. It is found most 
commonly in the early spring on asters, marigolds, and chrysanthe- 
mums in southern California, and on German ivy and amsinckia in the 
San Francisco Bay region. For sometime it was believed to be Aphis 
bakeri Cowen, but its variety of host plants so widely different from 
those of bakeri, led to its being identified as a distinct species. It is 
one of the most common in the state, as a glance at the collection 
records will show. 


147. Aphis setariae Thomas 
Figures 246, 247 


Thomas, Ill. Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull. 2, p. 5, 1878 (orig. desc.). 
Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 141, 1910 (desc.). 


Record.—Prunus domestica; San Francisco Bay region (Davidson). 


In some parts of the country this plum louse becomes abundant 
enough to cause serious damage, but it has never been observed. to be 
so in California. Davidson writes that he has found it sparingly a few 
times in the San Francisco Bay region. The author has never collected - 
it, but has had access to specimens from Morrison, taken in Indiana. 


148. Aphis spiraecola Patch 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, p. 270, 1914 (orig. desc.). 


Records.—Spiraea spp.; Stanford University, 1912 (Morrison) ; Walnut Creek, 
Contra Costa County, 1916 (Davidson). 


In the San Francisco Bay region there is a small aphid very 
similar to Aphis pomt De Greer found attacking meadowsweet. David- 
son and Morrison, who have both observed it, believe it to be this 
species. The following brief descriptive notes are from alate females 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 125 


taken by Dr. Patch on cultivated spiraea in Orono, Maine. These 
notes are included here as there is no adequate description of this 
species, the only ones'® being very meager notes indeed . 

Alate viviparous females—Body rather long and narrow, head 
normal with no antennal tubercles. Antennae shorter than body, 
reaching to about the base of the fourth abdominal segment. VI spur 
the longest segment, followed by III, which is about two-thirds as 
long. Following III are IV, V, and VI base. The usual primary 
Sensoria are present on V and VI, and the accessory sensoria on VI. 
The secondary sensoria are fairly large and circular. There are six 
or seven in an even line along the whole length of III. On IV there 
may be one or two near the middle, or there may be none. Prominent 
lateral tubercles are present on the prothorax and on the first and 
seventh abdominal segments. The cornicles are fairly long, slender, 
and taper slightly toward the apex. They are from one and one-half 
to two times as long as the hind tarsi, and subequal to or very slightly 
longer than the cauda. The cauda is fairly long, ensiform, slightly 
constricted before the tip. The wings are normal, with the second 
branch of the third discoidal nearer the apex of the wing than the 
base of the first branch. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.19 to 1.88 mm.; width of thorax, 
0.544 to 0.561 mm.; antennae total, 0.85 to 0.918 mm.; III, 0.17 to 
0.1785 mm.; IV, 0.186 to 0.1538 mm.; V, 0.1275 to 0.1445 mm.; VI, 
base 0.0935 to 0.102 mm.; VI, spur 0,238 to 0.255 mm. ; cornicles, 0.1785 
to 0.187 mm.; cauda, 0.17 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.102 mm.; wing length, 
1.97 to 2.04 mm.; width, 0.748 to 0.782 mm.; expansion, 4.55 mm.; 
from base of first branch of third discoidal' to wing tip, 0.578 to 0.68 
mm.; from base of second branch to wing top, 0.17 to 0.255 mm. 


149. Aphis tetrapteralis Cockerell 
Cockerell, South. Cal. Acad. Sci., Bull. 1, p. 4, 1902 (orig. desc.). 


Record.—Atriplex canescens tetraptera; La Jolla (Cockerell). 


This species has been observed but once, when described by 
Cockerell. He writes: ‘‘It differs from Aphis atriplices Linn. by its 
smaller size, mode of life, and shorter cornicles. It seems to be 
related to Aphis monardae Oestlund.’’ In 1916 the author spent 
considerable time hunting for this species in the vicinity of La Jolla, 
but in vain. 

18 Patch, Edith M., Maine Aphids of the Rose Family. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., 


Bull. 233, p. 270, 1914, Aphis spiraecola n.n.; Gillette, C. P., Plant louse notes, 
Family Aphididae. Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 404, 1910. Aphis spiraeella Schout. 


126 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


150. Aphis viburnicolens n.sp. 


Records.—Viburnum tinus; Riverside, February to May, 1917; Redlands, Feb- 
ruary, 1917; Orange, February, 1917: Lawrus rotoundifolia, Riverside, March, 
1917. 


In the early spring there is a small green and black aphid that 
attacks in great numbers the racemes of laurustinus and laurel in 
Southern California. In fact, it is so abundant at times as to seriously 
injure the plants by preventing them from flowering. The leaves 
and buds are very sticky and covered with the sooty mold fungus. 
During April, 1917, all the aphids left the laurel and laurustinus, but 
the alternate host has as yet not been observed. Specimens were sent 
to Gillette and Pateh for determination, but neither could identify 
them. Dr. Patch wrote as follows: 


This insect is not spiraecola, a slide of which I am sending you. 


sptraecola sp. 
Cornicles longer than IIT Cornicles shorter than III 
VI spur longer than III VI spur subequal to III 
VI spur longer than IV and V VI spur subequal to IV and V 
IV subequal to V IV longer than V 


I do not know this species. I do not have spiraeella Schout. for comparison. 


Gillette stated concerning this species: ‘‘This is a species of Aphis 
close to, but almost certainly distinct from, spiraeella Schout., and so 
far as we know, may be new.”’ 

From this it would appear that the species from laurustinus and 
laurel is a new species, and it is described herewith as such.’® Cotype 
specimens are in the author’s private collection, in the collection of 
the University of California in Berkeley, and of the Citrus Experi- 
ment Station in Riverside. 

Alate viwiparous female—Prevailing color green. Head and 
thorax dusky brown to black. Antennae dusky to black. Beak heght 
brown with tip black. Tibiae, femora of fore legs, and basal one-half 
of femora of middle and hind legs brown; tarsi, tips of tibiae, tips of 
fore femora, and apical one-half of middle and hind femora black. 
Abdomen pale to apple green, sometimes with a few dusky marginal 
spots. Cornicles and ecauda black. 

19 The species reported by Davidson (Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910) 
as Aphis mali Fabr. from Laurus laurustinus (Viburnum tinus?) and by Essig 
(Injurious and Beneficial Insects of California, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., 


Supp. vol. 4, p. xlvi, 1915) as Aphis pomi De Geer from laurustinus, are probably 
this species. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 127 


Head normal, with frontal and antennal tubercles absent. An- 
tennae short, reaching only to the second abdominal segment. III 
and VI spur subequal; IV and V subequal and about three-fourths as 
long as III or VI spur. The usual primary sensoria are present on V 
and VI, and the accessory sensoria on VI. Secondary sensoria are 
found on III and IV, from five to nine on the former and from one 
to four on the latter. Cornicles short, subeylindrical, and tapering 
from base toward apex. Cauda fairly long, ensiform, with a slight 
constriction in the middle. the ecauda is slightly longer than the hind 
tarsi, and the cornicles a little longer than the cauda. Lateral tuber- 
cles are present on the prothorax, and on the first, fourth, and seventh 
abdominal segments. The cornicles are subequal to IV or V. The 
hind tarsi are somewhat longer than VI base. The wings are fairly 
large, with regular venation, the second joint of the third discoidal 
arising about half way between the tip of. the wing and the base of 
the first joint. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.214 to 1.479 mm. (av. 1.872 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.476 to 0.578 mm. (av. 0.5338 mm.) ; antennae total, 
Uefaosto 0/918 mm: (av. 0:6925:mm.): IT, 0.187 to-0.230 mm. (av. 
0.2067 mm.); IV, 0.186 to 0.161 mm. (av. :0.1473 mm.)-; V, 0.119 to 
0.153 mm. (av. 0.1416 mm.) ; VI, base 0.085 to 0.102 mm. (av. 0.0877 
mm.) ; VJ, spur 0.204 to 0.230 mm. (av. 0.216 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.127 
to 0.153 mm. (av. 0.1422 mm.) ; cauda, 0.110 to 0.186 mm. (av. 0.1252 
mm.) ; hind tarsi, 0.102 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.1023 mm.) ; wing length, 
1.921 to.2.3897 mm. (av. 2.167 mm.) ; width, 0.799 to 0.985 mm. (av. 
0.8704 mm.) ; expansion, 4.42 to 5.804 mm. (av. 4.875 mm.). 

Apterous viviparous female.—General color green with the follow- 
ing dusky to black: head, antennae, apex of beak, cornicles, cauda, 
distal margin anal plate, tarsi, and tips of tibiae. Legs, except tarsi 
and tips of tibiae, dusky brownish green. Antennae reach to the base 
of the second abdominal segment. The various segments are propor- 
tionally the same as in the alates. The beak reaches to the distal 
margin of the first coxae or almost to the apical margin of the third 
eoxae. Lateral body tubercles are present on the prothorax and first, 
second, and seventh abdominal segments. Sometimes they are also 
present on the third, fourth, or fifth abdominal segments as well. The 
cornicles and ecauda are subequal, each slightly longer than the hind 
tarsi, and of the same form as in the alates. 

Measurements : Body length, 1.326 to 1.462 mm. (av. 1.3685 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.595 to 0.68 mm. (av. 0.6975 mm.) ; antennae total 


128 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


0.7381 to 0.782.mm. (av. 0.748 mm.); III, 0.158 to 0.187 mm. (av. 
0.170 mm.) ; IV, 0.119 to 0.136 mm. (av. 0.1224 mm.) ; V, 0.119 mm.; 
VI, base 0.085 mm.; VI, spur 0.136 to 0.1995 mm. (av. 0.1632 mm.) ; 
cornicles, 0.153 to 0.1995 mm. (av. 0.170 mm.) ; cauda, 0.136 to 0.170 
mm. (av. 0.162 mm.) ; hind tarsi, 0.102 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.114 mm.). 


151. Aphis yuccae Cowen 


Figures 303 to 305 


Cowen, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 31, p. 122, 1895 (orig. dese.). 
Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 145, 1910. Aphis yuccicola n.sp. 
(dese. ). 


Records.—Yucca mohavensis; Moorpark, Ventura County, April, 1916 (F. M. 
Trimble); San Diego, May, 1916. 


In April, 1916, Horticultural Inspector F. M. Trimble of Ventura 
County sent the author a few specimens of the alate and apterous 
viviparous females of this species, taken on Spanish dagger in Moor- 
park. In the latter part of the next month the author found a few 
apterae on the leaves of Spanish dagger in Golden Hill Park, San 
Diego. There were only a few individuals present at that time, but 
there was evidence of an earlier heavy infestation. Following are a 
few notes to supplement Williams’ excellent description of this species. 

III is the longest segment of the antennae, followed by VI spur, 
which is about three-fourths as long. IV is next, being a little over 
one-half as long as III and about five-sixths as long as VI spur. V 
is slightly shorter than IV and is followed closely by VI base, which 
is about one-half the length of the spur. The usual primary sensoria 
are present on V and VI and the accessory sensoria on VI (fig. 303). 
The apterae have no secondary sensoria, while the alates along the 
whole length of III (fig. 304) have about twenty-five irregularly 
placed sensoria of irregular size. VI is without sensoria. Lateral 
tubercles are present on the prothorax and on the first and seventh 
abdominal segments. The cornicles (fig. 305) are long and slightly 
tapering, being but slightly shorter than the spur of the sixth antennal 
segment and about twice as long as the hind tarsi. The cauda (fig. 
305) is ensiform or sickle-shaped and about three-fourths as long as 
the cornicles. In length it is about equal to the fifth antennal seg- 
ment and one-half again as long as the hind tarsi. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 129 


Alate viviparous females—Measurments: Body length, 1.78 to 1.9 
mm. (av. 1.86 mm.) ; width, (thorax), 0.95 mm.; antennae total, 1.38 
to 1.51 mm. (av. 1.449 mm.) ; III, 0.84 to 0.425 mm. (av. 0.391 mm.) ; 
IV, 0.238 to 0.273 mm. (av. 0.256 mm.); V, 0.212 to 0.229 mm. (av. 
02219 mm.) 3) V1,.0.136 to 0.17. mm. (av. 0555:mm.)* spur, 0.255 to 
0.306 mm. (av. 0.289 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.255 to 0.2975 mm. (av. 0.275 
mm.) ; cauda, 0.2125 to 0.288 mm. (av. 0.225 mm.) ; hind tarsi, 0.153 
mm.; wing length, 3.06 to 3.4 mm. (av. 3.19 mm.) ; wing width, 1.27 
to 1.46 mm. (av. 1.888 mm.) ; wing expansion, 7.48 mm. 


30. Genus Toxoptera Koch. 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 253, 1857. Type Aphis aurantii Fonse. 
152. Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc.) 


Figures 114, 163, 276 


Boyer de Fonscolombe, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 10, 1841. Aphis (orig. 
dese. ). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 601, 1911. T. awrantiae Koch (desc.). 

Davis, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., Bull. 25, pt. 1, p. 8, 1912. 


Records.—Citrus spp.; throughout citrus sections of southern and central Cali- 
fornia (Essig, author); San Jose (Davidson). 


This is the common black louse of the citrus trees, and is found at 
almost any time of the year on the younger and more tender leaves 
of various species of Citrus. It is more or less heavily preyed upon 
by the braconid fly, Lysiphlebus testacewpes Cresson. In fact, the 
author has.noticed several infestations in which fully ninety-five per 
eent of the individuals were parasitized. Besides these the syrphid 
flies cause great havoe among colonies. Of these the author has reared 
Allograpta obliqua Say from a colony taken in the vicinity of El 
Cajon, San Diego County. Never does this species become abundant 
enough to seriously damage trees, due undoubtedly to the effective 
work of its predacious and parasitic enemies. Only in the spring 
are they found to any great extent, although occasionally throughout 
the year small infestation can be noticed. 


130 University of California Publications in Entomology (VoL. 3 


31. Genus Hyalopterus Koch 


Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 17, 1854. Type Aphis arundinis Fabricius (A. 
pruni Fabr.). 


153. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.) 


Figures 181, 185, 186 


Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 4, p. 212, 1749. Aphis (orig. desce.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 247, 1903 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 303, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 2, p. 569, 1913 (list). 

Essig, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 624, 1913. <A. prunifoliae 
Fitch (list). 

Weldon, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 2, p. 630, 1913 (list). 

Weldon, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol.:3, p. 378, 1914 (list). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 233, 266, 1914 (desc.). 

Davidson, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 6, p. 64, 1917 (note). 


Records.—Prunus spp., Phalaria arundinacea, Phragmites communis, Typha 
latifolia; central California. 


During the spring and early summer of the year this ‘‘mealy-plum 
louse’’ is often very abundant on various species of Prunus in the 
central part of the state, especially in the San Francisco Bay region 
and the Sacramento Valley. As summer continues all the aphids 
desert the plum for other host plants, where they remain until fall. 
The summer hosts in California so far known are reed grass, canary 
grass, and tule, or cat-tail rush. In the Santa Clara Valley there is a 
feeling among the prune growers that this aphid is the cause of the 
splitting of the prunes, which is often quite extensive. However, this 
remains to be proven. 


32. Genus Liosomaphis Walker 
Walker, The Zoologist, p. 1119, 1868. Type Aphis berberidis Kalt. 
154, Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.) 
Figures 184, 251, 252 


Kaltenbach, Monog. d. Pflanzenlause, p. 85, 1843. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davis, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 1, p. 254, 1908. Rhopalosiphum (desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 378, 1910. Rhopalosiphum (list). 


Records.—Berberis vulgaris; Stanford University (Davidson); February to 
May, 1915; Berkeley, June to August, 1915. 


This species is found throughout the year on the lower sides of 
the leaves of barberry in the San Francisco Bay region. The apterae 
are often very abundant, but the alates are always quite scarce. This 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 131 


species is similar to species of Rhopalosiphum, particularly in the 
shape of the cornicles and cauda, but owing to the absence of antennal 
tubereles it falls into the tribe Aphidini instead of Macrosiphini. 
Hence Walker’s genus Liosomaphis is maintained for this species. 


33. Genus Siphocoryne Passerini 


Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. Type Aphis pastinacae Linn. (xylostet Schrank). 


There has been much diversity of opinion concerning this genus, 
some aphidologists considering it as Siphocoryne Passerini, some as 
Hyadaphis Kirkaldy, and some as a synonym of Rhopalosiphum Koch. 
This last is incorrect as this is most certainly not a Macrosiphini for 
the antennal tubercles are lacking. In 1904 Kirkaldy proposed the 
name Hyadaphis to replace Siphocoryne, but in the author’s opinion 
this is unealled for, so he maintains the original name, Siphocoryne 
Passerini. 

There have been reported from various parts of California eight 
species of Siphocoryne as follows: capreae (Fabr.), cont (Dvdn.), 
foeniculd (Schrank), nymphaeae (Linn.), pastinacae (Linn.), salicis 
(Monell), wmbellulariae (Dvdn.), and xyloster (Schrank). There 
are, however, really but three species; capreae (Fabr.), nymphaeae 
(Linn.) and pastinacae (Linn.). According to Gillette,?° S. salicis 
Monell is a synonym of S. capreae (Fabr.), and zylostei (Schr.) of 
pastinacae (Linn.). Davidson*! states that S. conw (Dvdn.) is a 
synonym of xyloster (Schr.), and therefore it is the same as pastinacae 
(Linn.). Morrison writes that the specimens Davidson called S. foeni- 
cula (Sehr.) are capreae (Fabr.), and those he described as Hyadaphis 
umbellulariae n.sp. are S. pastinacae (Linn.). These two species, 
pastinacae (Linn.) and capreae (Fabr.), have been greatly confused 
but Gillette? has worked out their synonymy quite satisfactorily. The 
following key for distinguishing them is from his paper. 

Joints 4, 5, 6, and antennal spur subequal, the spur usually distinctly the 
longest, cornicles fully three-fourths as long as third joint of the antenna, a small 


tubercle on the alate form and a large one on the apterous individuals always 
POSULESTINL Corby SAYRE ART A toot li 9 RSA haa nin Papeete Mes ia len dl SIU Ae eae, noe capreae 

20 Gillette, C. P., Two Rhopalosiphum species and Aphis pulverulens n.sp., 
Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 4, pp. 320-325, 1911. 


21 Davidson, W. M., Plant louse notes from California, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, 
p. 133, 1914. 


22 Gillette, C. P., Two Rhopalosiphum species and Aphis pulverulens n.sp., 
Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 4, pp. 320-325, 1911. 


132 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou. 3 


Joint 623 of the antenna distinctly shorter than 5, the fourth still shorter 
and its spur nearly as long as joints 4, 5, and 6 combined, cornicles seldom much 
exceeding one-half the third joint of the antenna in length, and a supra-caudal 
tubercle or spine entirely cabsenti22 22 ee areata mecrreesna pastinacae 


Aphis nymphaeae Linn. has usually been considered by American 
aphidologists as a species of Rhopalosiphum, but the presence of lat- 
eral body tubercles, the short, robust body, and the absence of antennal 
tubercles place it in the Aphidini rather than the Macrosiphini. 
Therefore, it must be considered as belonging to this genus. Baker?* 
has recently recognized it as belonging here. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIAN SPECIES 


1. A small spine or tubercle present at the distal end of the body just above the 

caida (TOs. eo eD O Wier ecane alana ccm staete eee hae veiias ee acerca eee capreae (Fabr.) 

— No supra-caudal |tuberele or spine -..20 2222 eee 2 

2. General color pale green. VI spur as long as IV, V and VI base combined. 
Cornicles at most but slightly more than one-half the length of III. 

pastinacae (Linn.) 

— General color dark brown, wine, or black. VI spur not as long as IV, V and 

VI base combined, although longer than any two together. Cornicles and 

LTT, -suubequial ist’ a0 ccc teeta ecco eee nymphaeae (Linn.) 


155. Siphocoryne capreae Fabr. 


Fabricius, Ent. Syst., p. 211, 1794. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 252, 1903. 8S. foeniculi (Pass.) (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Eecon., vol. 2, p. 303, 1909. 8S. salicis Monell (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. 8S. foenicult (Pass.), (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. 8S. salicts Monell (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 5384, 1911. Hyadaphis pastinacae (Linn.) 
(dese.). 


Records.—Foeniculum vulgare; Berkeley and Neweastle (Clarke), Stanford 
University (Davidson): Carum spp.; Cicuta virosa; Santa Paula, Berkeley 
(Essig): Salix laevigata; Santa Paula (Essig), Brea Canyon, Los Angeles County, 
April, 1917; Riverside, May, 1917: Salix nigra; Lakeside, San Diego County, 
April, 1916: Salix sp., Stanford University (Davidson). 


This species is found more or less abundantly in the spring on the 
tender shoots and leaves of willows, migrating in early summer to 
various species of Umbelliferae. It is more common than SV. pastinacae 
(Linn.), which species is also found on Umbelliferae in the summer, 
but which passes the fall, winter, and spring on honeysuckle. 


23 In all the author’s specimens, VI is shorter than V, which in turn is shorter 
than IV, while VI spur is nearly as long as the three together. 

24 Baker, A. C. and Quaintance, A. L. Aphids injurious to orchard fruits, 
currant, gooseberry and grape, U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bulletin 804, p. 21, 
ae 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 133 


156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae Linn. 


Figure 172 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 2, p. 734, 1735. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. Rhopalosiphum (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 798, 1912. . Rhopalosiphum (desc.). 

Davidson, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol, 6, p. 65, 1917. Rhopalosiphum 
(note). 


Records.—Polygouwm sp., Alisma sp., Potamogeton sp.; San Francisco Bay 
region (Davidson): Typha latifolia; Santa Paula (Essig), San Francisco Bay 
region (Davidson): Nymphaea sp.; San Francisco Bay region (Davidson), 
Fresno, June, 1915: Prunus domestica; Berkeley, 1916 (Essig). 


This aphid occurs throughout the summer months on various semi- 
aquatic plants, lily, tule, and so forth. In the fall it migrates to 
plum, where eggs are laid. The first two or three generations in the 
spring occur on plum, but about June there is a migration to its sum- 
mer host plants. So far it has been found in southern California 
only in Ventura County. 

The species listed as Aphis prunorum Dobr. (see no. 140) may be 
this species. Essig believes it is, but the author is not certain so does 
not list it as a synonym. 


157. Siphocoryne pastinacae Linn. 


Figures 266 to 270 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., p. 451, 1735. Aphis (orig. desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909. S. xylostet (Schr.) (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 304, 1909. S. conwt n.sp. (desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 377, 1910. S. wylostet (Schr.) and 
S. conit Dvdn. (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 4, p. 599, 1911. Hyadaphis wmbellulariae 
n.sp. (desc.). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 399, 1911. S. conii Dvdn. (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 133, 1914. S. rylostet (Schr.) (list). 


Records.—Lonicera sp.; Stanford University (Davidson), Claremont (Hssig), 
Berkeley, April, 1915: Umbellularia californica; San Jose (Davidson): Coniwm 
maculatum; Stanford University, Penryn, Placer County, and San Jose (David- 
son). 


This aphid occurs on honeysuckle during the winter and spring, 
and on various semiaquatic plants inthe summer. It has been taken 
in southern California, in the San Francisco Bay region, and in ‘the 
Sacramento Valley. 


134 University of California Publications in Entomology ([VouL.3 


34. Genus Myzaphis Van der Goot 


Van der Goot, Ziir Systematik der Aphiden, Tijdscrift voor Entomologie, 
vol. 56, p. 96, 1913. Type Aphis rosarum Walker. 


The author believes that this genus of Van der Goot’s should be 
accepted for the two following species: Aphis abietina Walker and 
Aphis rosarum Walker. <A. rosarum has usually been considered as 
belonging to the genus Myzus, but the absence of antennal tubercles 
excludes it from that genus (see figs. 306-308, 313). The cornicles 
and eauda are not typical of Aphis, and these together with the dis- 
tinetive frontal tubercle on the head and the absence of lateral body 
tubercles distinguish it from Aphis. Consequently this genus should 
be recognized. Following is a key for separating the two known 
species, both of which oceur in California: 

Cornicles slightly clavate (figs. 312, 315), shorter than III. III tuberculate, IV 
without sensoria (fig. 309). Found on Kosa spp. ........-.--.----------- rosarum (Walker) 
Cornicles cylindrical (fig. 197), equal to or longer than III. III with 9 to 12 


rather large secondary sensoria, IV with 1 to 4 (fig. 196). On conifers. 
abietina (Walker) 


158. Myzaphis abietina (Walker) 
Figures 196, 197 


Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, p. 301, 1848. Aphis (orig. desce.). 
Wilson, Proce. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, June, 1915 (dese.). 


Record.—Picea excelsa; San Francisco, March, 1915 (Compere). 


The only report of this species in America is that of Wilson, who 
found it on spruce (Picea sp.) at Vancouver, British Columbia. On 
March 26, 1915, Harold Compere of San Francisco took a number of 
specimens of this species on the twigs of Norway spruce (Prcea 
excelsa) in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. The specimens are in 
Kssig’s and the author’s collections. 


159. Myzaphis rosarum (Walker) 
Figures 308 to 317 


Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, 1848. Aphis (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Eeon. Ent., vol. 3, p. 379, 1910. Myzus (list) 


Records.—fosa spp.; Stanford University (Davidson); Santa Paula (Essig), 
San Diego, March to July, 1916. 

This species has been reported in the San Francisco Bay region - 
by Davidson and in Santa Paula by Essig. In the Bay region it is 
rather scarce and is second to Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) in abun- 
dance on roses. The author has taken it at Stanford University in 
1915, and in San Diego several times in 1916. In San Diego’in 1916 
it was by far the most abundant rose-infesting aphid. The author 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 135 


has observed it in such numbers on roses as to cover the undersides 
of practically all the leaves and the calyx cups of the flowers. In some 
eases the buds were stunted and the flowers unshapely from its effect. 
In the rose garden of the Panama-California International Exposition 
these aphids were of considerable importance, necessitating continual 
eare to keep them under control. 

Since there is no adequate description of this species in the Ameri- 
ean aphid literature the author describes it herewith. .The following 
description was drawn from ten specimens of alate and eight of 
apterae, collected in Santa Paula, Stanford University, and San Diego. 

Alate viviparous female——Color notes (taken from notes made 
at the time of collection of specimens at Stanford in March, 1915) : 
Head, antennae, and thoracic plates black. Abdomen pale apple green 
with smoky blotch on dorsum. Legs: apical two-thirds of femora 
smoky, basal one-third pale, tibiae pale except dusky tip, tarsi dusky. 
Cornicles green (dusky), cauda pale apple green. 

Head is twice as wide as long with a fairly distinct tubercle on the 
front (fig. 308). Antennal tubereles are lacking or very indistinct. 
Antennae reach almost to the base of the third abdominal segment 
(figs. 309, 310). III is the longest segment, followed by IV, spur, V, 
and VI. The spur and IV are practically equal. Of sixteen antennae 
examined, in three, the spur and IV were equal, in ten, IV was slightly 
longer than the spur, while in three, the spur was slightly longer than 
IV. V is slightly shorter than the spur, and VI shghtly shorter than 
V. However, IV, spur, V, and VI are all almost equal. On V and VI 
are the usual primary sensoria, and VI the accessory sensoria (fig. 
300). III is tuberculate, being furnished with a large number of 
irregularly placed secondary sensoria (fig. 309). IV is without any 
sensoria. The beak reaches almost to the second coxae. 

The prothorax is without lateral tubercles. The wings are normal, 
being about twice the length of the body. The second branch of the 
cubitus arises nearer the apex of the wing than the base of the first 
branch (fig. 311). In but one of seventeen specimens examined was 
the origin of the second branch of the cubitus nearer the base of the 
first branch than the tip of the wing. In this specimen the measure- 
ments were: 0.561 mm. from tip of wing to base of first branch and 
0.289 mm. from tip of wing to base of second branch. 

The abdomen is long and narrow and is without lateral body 
tubercles. The cornicles (fig. 312) are long, being but slightly shorter 
than the third antennal segment, and over twice as long as the hind 
tarsi. They are slightly clavate on the inner side. The cauda (fig. 


136 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


312) is long and pointed (ensiform), being slightly more than one-half 
as long as the cornicles and about one-half as long again as the hind 
tarsi. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.19 to 1.41 mm. (av. 1.28 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.459 to 0.527 mm. (av. 0.487 mm.) ; antennae total, 
0.85 to 1.156 mm. (av. 1.027 mm.) ; III, 0.255 to 0.34 mm. (av. 0.317 
mm.); IV; 0.1275 to 0.2295 mm. (ay. 0.1768 mm); V, O11 9st 
mm. (av. 0.1365 mm.); VI, 0.085 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.1095 mm.) ; 
spur, 0.119 to 0.204 mm. (av. 0.1695 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.238 to 0.306 
mm. (av. 0.2574 mm.) ; cauda, 0.136 to 0.187 mm. (av. 0.1588 mm.) ; 
hind tarsi, 0.119 to 0.1836 mm. (av. 0.1205 mm.) ; wing length, 2.482 
to 2.72 mm. (av. 2.5483 mm.); wing width, 0.884 to 1.02 mm. (av. 
0.9396 mm.) ; wing expansion 5.423 to 5.967 mm. (av. 5.5836 mm.). 
From tip of wing to base of first branch of cubitus 0.561 to 1.0837 mm. 
(av. 0.8041 mm.) ; from tip of wing to base of second branch of eubitus, 
0.17 to 0.84 mm. (av. 0.2907 mm.). 

Apterous viviparous female——Head about as long as broad with a 
large prominent tubercle on the front, this tubercle being considerably 
larger than in the alate form; in some individuals it is fully as large 
as the first antennal segment (fig. 313). Antennal tubercles small but 
distinet, similar to those of the alate. Antennae (fig. 314) short, 
reaching only to the third coxae. III is the longest segment, followed 
by the spur, IV, VI, and V. These are all subequal, the formula of 
the averages being spur, IV, VI, and V. The formulae for seven 
antennae are 8, VL (V,1IV);8S, (VI, V, IV); S; V, IV, Vie Sai 
VI); S; CIV, V), Viz IV .CV, VIES)s Coy ey LV Ve eee 
primary sensoria are present, but there are no secondary sensoria. 
The beak is short, reaching only to the second coxae. 

The prothorax is without tubercles. The thorax is normal, as are 
the legs. The abdomen is long and narrow, without lateral tubercles, 
and without long capitate hairs as found in some species of Myzus. 
The cornicles (fig. 315) are long, cylindrical, and slightly tapering 
toward the apex, or slightly clavate at apex. They are over twice as 
long as the third antennal segment and over three times as long as 
the hind tarsi (fig. 317), and half as long again as the cauda. The 
cauda (fig. 316) is long and ensiform, being slightly more than twice 
the length of the hind tarsi, and about two-thirds the length of the 
cornicles. 

Measurements: Body length, 1.275 to 1.615 mm. (av. 1.428 mm.) ; 
width of thorax, 0.493 to 0.748 mm. (av. 0.6375 mm.) ; antennae total, 
0.544 to 0.731 mm. (av. 0.6239 mm.) ; III, 0.153 to 0.238 mm. (av. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 137 


0.178 mm.) ; IV, 0.068 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.0855 mm.); V, 0.068 to 
0.102 mm. (av. 0.0833 mm.) ; VI, 0.068 to 0.119 mm. (av. 0.085 mm.) ; 
spur, 0.085 to 0.136 mm. (av. 0.117 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.3806 to 0.442 
mm. (av. 0.3655 mm.) ; cauda, 0.204 to 0.272 mm. (av. 0.2338 mm.) ; 
hind tarsi, 0.102 mm. (Note: no color notes were taken of the apterae 
at the time of collection and as all the specimens were killed in alcohol, 
dehydrated in xylene and mounted in Canadian balsam, it is impossible 
to give any color notes. ) 


35. Genus Coloradoa Wilson 
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 3, p. 323, 1910. Type Aphis rufomaculata 
Wilson. 

This genus was described by Wilson in 1910 to contain the species 
Aphis rufomaculata Wilson. After examining specimens of this 
species recently, the author is of the opinion that Coloradoa and 
Myzaphis are synonymous, for there does not seem to be enough differ- 
ence between this species and the two species of Myzaphis to warrant 
a separation of genera. However, the author does not feet certain 
concerning the point, so lists both these genera. Should they later 
prove to be synonymous, Myzaphis would have to be dropped and 
replaced by Coloradoa. There is but one species belonging to this 
genus. ; 

160. Coloradoa rufomaculata Wilson 
Wilson, Ent. News, vol. 14, p. 261, 1908. Aphis (orig. dese.). 

Record.—Chrysanthemum, cultivated; Sacramento, April, 1917 (Davidson). 

The author has recently received specimens of this species from 
Davidson taken on chrysanthemum in Sacramento. 


36. Genus Cerosipha Del Guercio 
Del Guercio, Nouve relazione agraria di Firenze, vol. 2, p. 116, 1909. Type 
C. passeriniana n.sp. 
161. Cerosipha cupressi Swain 
Swain, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 44, p. 19, 1918 (orig. desc.). 

Records.—Cupressus guadelupensis; San Diego, 1916; Riverside, 1917; C. 
macrocarpa, San Diego, 1916. ; 

This species, recently described by the author, has been taken by 
him several times in San Diego and Riverside on blue cypress and 
Monterey cypress. It is an extremely interesting lttle aphid, differ- 
ing considerably from any other species known to the author, both 
in habits and appearance. Its five-jointed antennae, long cauda, 
atrophied cornicles, and convexity of abdomen are quite distinctive. 


138 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou. 3 


Subfamily Pemphiginae Mordwilko” 


Mordwilko, Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, vol. 13, pp. 
362-364, 1908. 

A summary of Mordwilko’s deseription of this subfamily has 
already been given. The latest and probably the most complete sys- 
tematic work on this subfamily that has been done is that of Dr. Albert 
Tullgren of Stockholm, Sweden, in his paper, ‘‘Aphidologische 
Studien I’’ in 1909. Tullgren divides this subfamily into six tribes, 
viz: Vaecunina, Hormaphidina, Mindarina, Pemphigina, Schizoneu- 
rina, and Anoeciina. In the tribe Vacunina he places Vacuna Heyden 
and Glyphina Koch; in Hormaphidina is the one genus Hamamelistes 
Shimmer; in Mindarina is the one genus Mindarus Koch; in Pem- 
phigina he places Astxphum Koch, Pachypappa Koch, Prociphilus 
Koeh, Thecabius Koch, and Pemphigus Hartig; in Schizoneurina he 
places the two genera, Schizoneura Hartig, and Tetraneura Hartig ; 
and finally in the Anoeciina is found the one genus Anoecia Koch. It 
ean be seen that he uses several of Koch’s genera which have not here- 
tofore been generally used, namely: Prociphilus Koch, Thecabius 
Koch, Asiphum Koch, and so forth. Lately there has been a tendency 
among American aphidologists to accept these genera, and thus to 
divide up the larger genus Pemphigus into these smaller ones. Mord- 
wilko in his.keys divides this subfamily into four groups, namely: 
Hormaphidina, Pemphigina, Schizoneurina, and Vacunina. In Hor- 
maphidina he includes besides the genus Hamamilestes Shimmer, the 
genera Hormaphis Osten-Sacken and Cerataphis Lichtenstein. In 
Pemphigina he includes Pentaphis Heyden, Tetraneura Hartig, 
Pemphigus Hartig, Aploneura Passerini, Rhizoctonus Horvath, and 
Paracletus Heyden. In Schizoneurina he places Léwia Lichtenstein, 
Colopha Monell, Pachypappa Koch, Schizoneura Hartig, Anoecia Koch, 
and Mindarus Koch. In Vacunina he includes but the one genus 
Vacuna Heyden, which he does not separate from Glyphina Koch. 

There is considerable difference in the classifications of these two 
authors, but as far as we are concerned here in California our genera 
are placed about the same by both. Following is a translation of 
Mordwilko’s key to the groups: 

25 The author has under way a more exhaustive study of this subfamily, par- 
ticularly of the species of Pemphigus and Prociphilus. As this research is still 
in progress, however, it was thought best to omit any report of it, the author here 
confining himself merely to the records of the presence of the various species in 
California. It was hoped to have this study completed at the present time, but 


the unprecedented eonditions of this season have made it necessary to delay further 
study for the time being. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 139 


1. Winged forms with a cucurbit-shaped cauda. Nymphs that failed to molt 
with three-jointed antennae. Winged forms with three to five-jointed 
antennae, which are coarsely ringed from the third on. Wingless partheno- 
genetic females presenting the appearance of the larvae of other families, 
as of some kinds of Coccidae, or of species of Aleyrodes. Sexual forms 
PELL NOEIEL et set Rei ect Ne oe iced a dL LA onc Group Hormaphidina 

— Winged forms without distinct cauda. Nymphs that failed to molt with four 
to five-jointed antennae. Antennae of winged females five-to six-jointed. 
Sensoria may be found on the third and following joints, often in the 
form of arches or half rings, but never as complete rings ............0....0......-. 2 

2. Cubitus [third discoidal vein] of the fore wings simple. Cornicles, which are 
pore or pointlike, present only in some species, and then not in all forms. 

Group Pemphigina 

— Cubitus [third discoidal vein] of fore wings once-branched. Cornicles mostly 
jOXRLOVS LARS opefoy Pelt RUSS) 0c SSA a opel 0 eB A hd ose eee SIME 4 ane fe Se nine rE 3 

3. Antennae of winged forms six-jointed. Wings held roof-like when at rest. 

Group Schizoneurina 
— Antennae of winged forms five-jointed. Wings held flat when at rest. 
Group Vacunina 


Group Hormaphidina Mordw. 


Mordwilko, Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, vol. 13, pp. 
364-365, 1908. 


The antennae of the winged forms are 5- to 3-jointed (?). With the exception 
of the first two joints they are closely and entirely ringed. Even in the genus 
Hormaphis O.-S., where the antennae are 3-jointed, they may probably be con- 
sidered morphologically as of five joints. The wings are held flat at rest. There 
are four transverse veins on the fore wings, the third of which [third discoidal] 
is simple. The first two [first and second discoidals] originate at the same point 
on the subcosta. The hind wings have one or two transverse veins, in the latter 
case both originating at the same point. The wingless parthenogenetic females 
on the alternate host plants (for example on birch) are mostly circular in shape, 
and have small wax tubes around them. Other forms are coccid-like. The sexual 
forms have beaks. The cornicles are absent. 


This is a description as given by Mordwilko in the above mentioned 
paper. Below is a key to the genera, as given by Mordwilko and by 
Van der Goot, the latter of whom includes in this group the two 
venera Hamamelestes Shimmer and Cerataphis Licht. 


1, Antennae of winged females plainly five-jointed ......1.._.-..-22.....-22.--2ese-eee see 2 
— Antennae of winged females only three-jointed .........................- Hormaphis O.-S. 
2. Antennae always five-jointed. Front of head always with two little horns. 

Third discoidal once-branched ..........2:1....---------c--.------ Cerataphis Lichtenstein 


— Antennae of apterous forms three- or four-jointed. Front without horns. 
ELUTE CL ai BECO See ETG YL Cerne fee eke ee See chron sae nates cranes Hamamelistes Shim. 


140 University of California Publications in Entomology [V0.3 


37. Genus Cerataphis Lichtenstein 


Lichtenstein, Bull. Société ent. de France, vol. 2, p. 16, 1882. Type Coccus 
lataniae Boisd. 


162. Cerataphis lataniae Boisduval 


Boisduval, Ent. Hort., 1867. Coccus (orig. dese.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 5, p. 404, 1912 (list). 

Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, p. 342, 1917 (list). 
Records.—Fern, Stanford University (Davidson); orchid, Oakland (Essig). 


This coceid-like species has been reported twice in the San Fran- 
cisco Bay region, by Davidson and by Essig. Morrison and the author 
have also taken it on the same ferns on which Davidson found it in 
the Stanford University nursery. 


Group Pemphigina Lichtenstein 


Below is a key to the California genera of this group, adapted 
from Mordwilko, Tullgren and Del Guercio. Del Guercio described 
a genus in 1909 for Pemphigus radicicola Essig, which he ealled 
Trifidaphis. 


1, Antennae of alate females five-jointed -.2-.0.:.0 ee ee Trifidaphis Del Guer 

— Antennae of alate females: six-jointed .2.-::222.-2-22 2 ce cgisteeestecceeeseaneeccae oe see 2 

2. Stem mothers with five-jointed antennae. Wax-gland plates on head always 

present and usually large. Spring and fall migrants with wax-gland plates 

always on mesothorax and abdomen, and usually on head. Dorsal pores 

never, present: 2.822028: BS eae Soe haere pie 3 

— Stem mothers with four-jointed antennae. Head normally without wax-gland 

plates. Dorsal pores sometimes present. Stem mothers and spring migrants 
(fundatrix and fundatrigenia) at first live in the same closed galls. 

Pemphigus Hartig 

3. Secondary sensoria furnished with hairy fringe (Wimperkranz). Wax-gland 

plates generally large. In stem mothers there appear four very large pro- 

notal wax-gland plates, placed in a transverse row. All plates have a 
clearly chitinized border. Stem mother and migrants live together. 

Prociphilus Koch 

— Secondary sensoria without hairy fringe (Wimperkranz). Wax-gland plates 

generally small. In stem mothers there are six pronotal plates, of which 

the four middle ones are arranged in the form of a trapezium. In the 

winged fall migrants (sexupara) there are also transverse abdominal gland 

plates, which are without clearly chitinized borders. Stem mothers and 

spring migrants live in-separate galls ........--........---.----cse--0- Thecabius Koch 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 141 


38. Genus Trifidaphis Del Guercio 


Del Guercio, Riv. di patal. veg., vol. 3, p. 20, 1909. Type Pemphigus radi- 
cicola Hssig. 


163. Trifidaphis radicicola Essig 


Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 8, 1909. Pemphigus (orig. desce.). 

Baker, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 1, p. 74, 1909. (Translation of Del Guer- 
cio’s description of the genus.) 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 2, p. 283, 1910 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912 (list). 


Kecords.—Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum douglasii; Claremont, Santa Paula 
(Essig). 

Essig described this species from specimens taken on the roots of 
Amaranthus retroflecus and Solanum douglasu in Santa Paula and 
Claremont. Later Del Guercio described a new genus for this species 
based on the venation and the antennae. It seems that the type speci- 
men of this species had but five-jomted antennae and so of course 
it could not belong to the genus Pemphigus. On an examination of 
eight specimens, including the type specimen and seven cotypes, the 
author finds that the number of joints in the antennae are variable. 
The type specimens had both antennae with but five joints. Six 
antennae had but five joints, six had six distinet joints, and four had 
five joints in which the division into six could be made out. This 
divison was in the third joint at about one-third the distance from the 
apex. Consequently one could say that this species was typically five- 
jointed, but with some specimens with the third joint divided into two, 
or it could be said that it was typically six-jointed, but in some speci- 
mens a reducton occurred through the joining of the third and fourth 
segments. As but a few specimens were examined the author is not 
willing to state which is the more common, hence leaves this as a valid 
genus, although he is of the opinion that this really belongs to the 
genus Prociphilus Koch. 


39. Genus Pemphigus Hartig 


Hartig, Jahresb. u. d. Fortschr. d. Forstwiss. u. forstliche Naturk., vol. 1, 
p. 645, 1837. Type Aphis bursarius Linn. . 


This genus is represented in California by three well known 
species,*° P. betae Doane, P. populi-caulis Fitch, and P. populi-trans- 


26 There has been taken several times a species forming elongate leaf galls on 
Populus fremontii, both in the San Francisco Bay region by Davidson and in San 
Diego County by the author, that structurally seems to be identical with P. populi- 
caulis Fitch, but its gall is quite distinct, being more or less similar to that of 
P. betae Doane. Further study may reveal the identity of this form. 


142 University of California Publications in Entomology [VoL 3 


versus Riley. All of these species, during at least a part of their life 
eycles, infest various species of Populus, where they form more or less 
distinctive galls. 


KEY TO FUNDATRIGENIAE27 


1. Secondary sensoria present only on III. Galls formed on leaf petioles, with a 

transverse opening on the outside of the curve ...... populi-transversus Riley 

— Secondary sensoria on other segments as well as on III ..............0002..22..--2..--- 2 

2. Secondary sensoria on III to VI inclusive. Galls formed by the twisting of 

the petiole with an oblique opening on the inside of the curve. 

populi-caulis Fitch 

— Secondary sensoria on III and IV.28 Gall formed on the under side of the 
leaves, being more or less elongate and opening on the upper side. 

betae Doane 


164. Pemphigus betae Doane 


Doane, Ent. News., vol. 11, p. 390, 1900 (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910 (list). 

Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 92, 1910. P. balsamiferae n.sp. 
(dese. fundatrigenia). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 299, 1912 (list). 

Maxson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 9, p. 500, 1916 (note). 


Records.—Beta vulgaris; San Francisco Bay region, Monterey County, Sacra- 
mento Valley. (Rumex spp., Chenopodium spp., ete.?) 


Under the name P. betae Doane, Clarke, Davidson, and Essig have 
reported a species of aphid infesting the roots of sugar beets, dock, 
Chenopodium, and other plants throughout California. 

Originally this species was described from specimens taken on 
sugar beet in Washington, but later*® it was proven that a species 
forming elongated leaf galls on Populus balsanufera in the spring 
migrated to beets, and was identical with this species. In 1916 Maxson 
(cited above) states that his investigations point to the fact that in 
Colorado there are more than one species of Pemphigus attacking the 
sugar beet, one of which is this species that forms the elongate leaf 
gall on poplar in the spring, and which is known now as P. betae 
Doane. 

27 At present only a key to the alate migrants or fundatrigeniae occurring in 
galls on poplar is given. It is hoped that later, keys to all forms may be formu- 


lated. At present, however, the life histories of the species are not sufficiently 
known. 


28 The sexupara or alate migrants from beets to poplars have secondary sen- 
soria on III to V inclusive. These form no galls on poplar, however. 


29 Parker, The life history of the sugar-beet root louse, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 
7, pp. 186-141, 1914; 

Gillette, Notes on some Colorado aphids having alternate host plants, Jour. 
Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 97, 1915. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 143 


These observations of Maxson’s together with those made by the 
author lead to the conclusion that all the reported cases of infestation 
of beets and other hosts by P. betae Doane in California do not neces- 
sarily refer to this species. Never have the fundatrix or fundatrigenia 
been taken on poplar in California. This strengthens the point that 
the aphids on beets and other hosts may not all be P. betae Doane. 
Further studies and observations will have to be made before this 
point can be settled, however. 


165. Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch 


Fitch, Rep. Ins. N. Y., vol. 5, p. 845, 1859 (orig. desc.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903 (list). 

Davidson, Jour Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910 (list). 

Davidson, Jour, Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910. P. populi-transversus Riley 
(list). 

Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. P. populi-transversus Riley 
(list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912 (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 708, 1912 (desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 420, 1915 (sexuales). 


Records.—Populus fremontti, P. trichocarpa; from Placer County to San Diego 
County (Clarke, Davidson, Essig, Morrison, and the author). 


The species infests cottonwoods throughout the state, forming a 
gall by the twisting of the leaf petiole. The sexuales are found, 
according to Davidson, under the bark where the eggs are also laid. 
The author has found the species in San Diego County, having taken 
the fundatrix, virgogenia, and fundatrigenia in galls in May, 1916, 
and the dead sexupara at the same time in old galls. These latter 
probably died without ever leaving the galls. 


166. Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley 
Riley, U. S. Geog. Geol. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 15, 1880 (orig. dese.). 
Essig, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, p. 343, 1917 (list). 


Records.—Populus fremontii, Berkeley, September, 1914 (Essig), Riverside 
September to October, 1916, May to July, 1917. 


This species forms large galls on the leaf petioles of poplar some- 
what similar to the preceding species, differing in that the opening is 
on the opposite side of the gall, and is transverse rather than oblique. 
Essig’s specimens were determined by Gillette, the author’s by Max- 
son. Davidson reported a species under this name from Stanford 


144 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


University, but later wrote the author that he was mistaken in his 
determination, the species being P. populicaulis Fitch instead. 

Just recently the author received specimens of the sexupara of this 
species from J. R. Parker, Bozeman, Montana. These were taken by 
S. H. Jones in Port Allen, Louisiana, in September, 1915, on the roots © 
of cabbages. Jones notes that cabbage and other cruciferous plants 
are the alternate host of this species. This spring the author received 
a large number of apterae of a species of Pemphigus taken in Orange 
County on the roots of cabbage. <A specific determination of the 
species was impossible but it may have been this one. 


40. Genus Thecabius Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlaiuse, p. 294, 1857. Type Pemphigus affinis Kalt. 


This genus is very similar to Prociphilus, and by some authors, 
particularly Baker,®° is considered as synonymous. However, for 
present purposes the author proposes to retain it for the three species 
included herewith. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIAN SPECIES 


1, Antennae short, barely reaching to the metathorax, and not one-third as long 
as the body. III but slightly longer than VI ................ populi-monilis Riley 

— Antennae longer, reaching beyond the base of the abdomen, and about one-half 
as long as the body. III considerably longer than VI .............--2.2..----------0--- 2 

2. V and VI with secondary sensoria .....-.........--------- populi-conduplifolius Cowen 
— VI without secandary sensoria 22.2202.) peso een eee californicus Davidson 


_ 167. Thecabius californicus (Davidson) 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910. Pemphigus ranunculi n.sp. 
(orig. desc.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 4, p. 414, 1911, renamed Pemphigus cali- 
fornicus Dvdn. 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912. Pemphigus (dese. ala. and 
apt. female). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 127, 1914 (note). 


Records.—Ranunculus californicus ; San Francisco Bay region (Davidson, Mor- 
rison, Essig, author): ? Populus sp.; Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, May, 
1915 (Davidson): Frazinus oregona; Walnut Creek (Davidson). 


This aphid is found quite abundantly on the roots and stems of 
the small California buttercup in the San Francisco Bay region. 
According to Davidson there is a migration during April from butter- 


30 Baker, A. C., Identity of Hriosome pyri, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 5, p. 1118, 1916. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 145 


eup to ash. There may be a migration to poplar as well, for the 
author has specimens that seem to be this species taken by Davidson 
on poplar. Gillette*! places this species as a synonym of 7. populi- 
conduplifolius Cowen, which attacks both Ranunculus and Populus 
in Colorado. Davidson, however, is convinced that they are distinct. 


168. Thecabius populiconduplifolius (Cowen) 


Cowen, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 31, p. 115, 1895. Pemphigus (orig. 
dese. ). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. Pemphigus (list). 

Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912. Pemphigus (list). 

Gillette, Annals Ent. Soe. Am., vol. 7, p. 61, 1914 (dese. and life history). 


Record.—Populus trichocarpa; Stanford University (Davidson). 


This species was reported by Davidson on poplar at. Stanford 
University. Since then no further records of its occurrence in the 
state have been made. In Colorado, Gillette finds that the common 
buttercup, Ranunculus sp., is an alternate host and so considers the 
preceding species as asynonym. This may be possible, but it is quite 
doubtful. 


169. Thecabius populimonilis (Riley) 


Riley, U. 8. Geol. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 13, 1879. Pemphigus (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. Pemphigus (list) 
Davidson, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 398, 1911. Pemphigus (list). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912. Pemphigus (list). 

Gillette, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 6, p. 485, 1913 (dese. and life history). 


Records.—Populus spp.; Tulare and Placer counties (Davidson) ; Santa Paula 
(Essig), Riverside, 1916-1917. 


Throughout central and southern California this species is found 
on various species of Populus where it forms more or less globular 
galls on the upper side of the leaves near the margins. In the vicinity 
of Riverside the young stem mothers began to appear in April (1917). 
When first observed in September, 1916, nearly all the galls were 
empty while a few contained alate migrants (sexupara probably). 
According to Gillette the eggs are laid on the trunks of Populus, thus 
the entire life cycle is passed on the one host plant. This is rather 
unusual for the Pemphiginae of this section. 


31 Gillette, C. P,, Some Pemphiginae attacking species of Populus in Colorado, 
Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 7, pp. 61-65, 1914. 


146 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 


41. Genus Prociphilus Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 279, 1857. Type Aphis bumeliae Schrank. 


KEY TO CALIFORNIAN SPECIES 
1. Stigma of forewings conspicuously darkened. V with a few annular secondary 
sensoria, VI with or without any. Dorsal thoracic wax plates small and 
OVE] se etc eee er ee A ee alnifoliae (Williams) 
— Stigma not conspicuously darkened. V and VI without annular secondary 
sensoria. Dorsal thoracic wax plates quite large and triangular. 
venafuscus Patch 


170. Prociphilus alnifoliae (Williams) 


Williams, Univ. Neb. Studies, vol. 10, p. 91, 1910. Pemphigus (orig. dese.). 
Baker, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 5, p. 1118, 1916 (note). 


Records.—Heteromeles arbutifoliae; Sespe, Ventura County, March, 1915 (S. 
H. Essig) ; May, 1915 (C. P. Clausen). 


There has been no record of this species from California heretofore, 
but the author has specimens taken on California holly or Christmas 
berry in Sespe Canyon during March and May, 1915, by S. H. Essig 
and C. P. Clausen. 


171. Prociphilus venafuscus Patch 


Patch, Ent News, vol. 20, p. 319, 1909. Pemphigus (orig. desc.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 3, p. 553, 1911. Pemphigus fraxini-dipetalae 
n.sp. (orig. dese.). 
Essig, Pom. Jour. Ent., vol. 4, p. 699, 1912. Pemphigus fraxini-dipetalae 
Essig (list). 
Childs, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 3, p. 220, 1914. Pemphigus 
fraxini-dipetalae Essig (list). 
Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 41, p. 85, 1915. Prociphilus fraxini- 
dipetalae (Essig) (note). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 421, 1915. Prociphilus fraxin- 
dipetalae (Essig) (list). 
Baker, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 6, pp. 1118-1119, 1916 (dese. notes, synonymy). 
Records.—Fraxinus dipetala; Santa Paula (Essig), Contra Costa and Santa 
Clara counties (Davidson): F. oregona; Oregon (Wilson); Berkeley, April, 1915: 
Aesculus californicus; Sacramento (Childs): Pseudotsuga taxifolia; Oregon (Wil- 
son). 


Occasionally this very large aphid is found infesting the leaves 
of ash in the San Francisco Bay region and in the mountains of 
southern California. In early summer it leaves the ash, and according 
to Wilson infests the roots of Douglas fir in Oregon. At one time 
Leroy Childs found a few specimens on buckeye in the vicinity of 
Sacramento, but it is probable that these were accidental there. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 147 


Group Schizoneurina Lichtenstein 


This group as considered by Mordwilko contains the following 
genera: Lowia Licht., Colopha Monell, Pachypappa Koch, Schizoneura 
Hartig, Anoecia Koch, and Mindarus Koch. Tullgren places in his 
tribe Schizoneurina the two genera, Schizoneura Hartig, and Tetra- 
neura Hartig. Pachypappa Koch he places in his tribe Pemphigina, 
and he has a separate tribe for each of the genera Anoecia Koch and 
Mindarus Koch, calling them respectively tribe Anoeciina and tribe 
Mindarina. Below is a translation of Mordwilko’s key. 


Bev Iieemrilat.on ACK when At Pest) 4... cs tela cane lcci. Lowia Licht. 

SEY OAS TONE Ode Oa ON) Uc Ga POCO Lots ol meat ce abs iawn cnc ne mseceh aoe ee eeacdeneneucsend 2 
2. Stigma of forewings trapezoidal in shape, reaching only to the beginning of 

the curve around the end of the wing, never extending to the tip of the 

wing. Radial vein originating from the posterior exterior corner of the 

URPE CSE oy A UN eee he WE en eRe ae OPE mine) ae Seat Sn ne ee edge a 3 

— Stigma linear, very long, reaching to the wing tip on the front side of the 
wing, and even following the backward curve of the exterior side of the 

wing to some extent. Radial vein starting almost at the beginning to the 


interior edge of the stigma. Sexual forms with beaks ........ Mindarus Koch 
Scindewings with one transverse VGIN ....;.....2.<.---.-s--sedescsesenne-sbe aeons Colopha Monell 
PeeRA Tew ite's Wilh TWO UMTaTISVErse. VEINS 2.225. - 2p esol ibs epi dodedeneeteo speeds tue i ectee 4 
4. Both transverse veins originating from the same point on the longitudinal 
OUD rete ec ers eee ek ert en, oe Gael ee ool os wtddads Pachypappa Koch 

— Transverse veins of hind wings originating separately ..........--.------.---------s-+----- 5 


5. Bodies of apterous and alate forms with little hair, and covered at least on the 
dorsum of the abdomen with waxy powder. Cornicles pore-like (point-like). 
Semin te Orin wAathoUt #UOdKS Matai tess! ket Eriosoma Leach 

— Bodies of apterous and alate forms very hairy and not covered with waxy 
powder or granules (only the stem mothers are weakly pulverulent). Cor- 
nicles comparatively large, tuberculate (cone-like). Sexual forms with 
BOSCH tera ieee A ere he har co L a ee ee esi cas Sando ei nes Anoecia Koch 


The genera Lowia Licht., Pachypappa Koch. and Anoecia Koch 
are not represented in California. Colopha Monell and Mindarus 
Koch are both represented by their type species. It has been proven 
that Eriosoma Leach has priority over Schizoneura Hartig, so that 
genus is now known by that name. It is represented in California by 
three or four species at present. 


148 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


42. Genus Colopha Monell 
Monell, Can. Ent., vol. 9, p. 102, 1877. Type Byrsocrypta ulmicola Fitch. 
172. Colopha ulmicola (Fitch) 


Fitch, Rept. Ins. N. Y., vol. 4, p. 63, 1858. Byrsocrypta (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909 (list). 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 181, 196, 1910 (desc.). 


Record.—Ulmus sp.; Stanford University (Davidson). 


Davidson recorded this species from elm at Stanford University in 
1909. Since then it has not been found again. 


43. Genus Eriosoma Leach 


Leach, Trans. Hort. Soe. London, vol. 3, p. 54, 1820. Type Aphis lani- 
gerum Hausman. 

Until quite recently this genus has been known as Schizoneura 
Hartig, but as Baker®? has pointed out, the name EHriosoma has 
priority. In California there are three distinct species represented, 
with a possible fourth. One of these is known only on elm, one on 
apple (and elm), and one on pear (and elm). 

The following key to the fall migrants is adapted partially from a 
table of Baker and Davidson.*? 


1. Body naked except caudal segment. Distal sensoria of V and VI with fringe. 
languinosa (Hartig) 


— Body with some woolly covering. Distal sensoria without fringe -.............-... 2 
2. Wing veins narrow without brown margins. III longer than IV, V, and VI 
Logetherigyc ic) ccd ont see rec ac ee Si ee lanigerum (Haus.) 


— Wing veins broad with brownish margins. III not so long as IV, V, and VI. 
americana (Riley) 


173. Eriosoma americana (Riley) 


Riley, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 5, p. 4, 1879. Schizgoneura (orig. desce.). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. Schizoneura (list). 

Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 220, p. 268, 1913. Schizoneura (dese. 
note). 


Records.—Ulmus americana; Berkeley (Clarke); Walnut Creek, June, 1915 
(Davidson); Palo Alto, May, 1915. 


This leaf-curling aphid of the American elm is found in the San 
Francisco Bay region, and in some eases is very abundant. In May 


32 Baker, A. C., The woolly apple aphis, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Office Sec’y, Report 
101, pp. 11-12, 1915. 


33 Baker, A. C., and Davidson, W. M., Woolly pear aphis, Jour. Agr. Res., 
vol. 6, p. 358, 1916. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 149 


and June, 1915, it was especially so on a row of elms on the campus 
of Stanford University. At that time stem mothers, nymphs, and 
alate spring migrants were present in the galls. By the last of June 
all of these had flown away, leaving the galls empty. According to 
Baker elm is the only host plant of this species. 


174. Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausman) 


Hausman, Mag. Ins., vol. 1, p. 440, 1802. Aphis (orig. desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909. Schizoneura (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 374, 1910. Schizoneura (list). 
Baker, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Office Sec’y, Report 101, pp. 11-16, 1915 (dese. 
and biology). 


Record.—Pyrus malus, throughout the state. 


Wherever apple trees are found in the state this woolly aphis is 
also found ; the white masses on the trunks and leaves being very con- 
spicuous, the colonies on the roots more injurious but less conspicuous. 
In California only the apple has been found to be attacked. The 
winter is passed by young nymphs on the roots. As the warmer 
weather of spring comes these migrate up the trunks and out on — 
the branches and twigs. Here they feed throughout the summer. In 
the fall there is a downward migration, and occasionally a fall 
migrant is seen. Whether or not these fly to elms as in other parts of 
the country, is not known, but none have ever been observed ‘on elm. 


175. Eriosoma languinosa (Hartig) 


Hartig, Zeitschr. Ent., vol. 3, p. 359, 1841. Aphis (orig. desc.). 

Baker and Davidson, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 6, pp. 351-360, 1916. E. pyricola 
n.sp. (dese.). 

Baker and Davidson, Jour. Agr. Res., vol. 10, pp. 65-74, 1917. E. pyricola 
B. & D. (dese. and biology). 


Records.—Pyrus communis, Ulmus campestris; central California. 


In 1916 Baker and Davidson described a species of Hriosoma that 
attacks the roots of pears throughout the central part of the state, 
naming it HE. pyricola. Later Davidson found that a species common 
on Ulmus campestris was the alternate form of this species. This elm 
form checks up very favorably with specimens of EF. languinosa Hartig 
from Europe, and is undoubtedly identical. Thus the name pyricola 
will have to be dropped in favor of languinosa. These elm galls are 
of a rather peculiar shape, and, as Patch writes, they have the appear- 
ance of a bonnet. 


150 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


44. Genus Mindarus Koch 
Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 277, 1857. Type M. abietinus n.sp. 


176. Mindarus abietinus Koch 


Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 278, 1857 (orig. desce.). 
Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. Schizoneura panicola Thos. (list). 
Patch, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 182, p. 242, 1910 (desc.). 


Records.—Pinus radiata; Berkeley, Palo Alto (Clarke): Abies cilicia; Stan- 
ford University, May, 1915. 


This aphid, easily recognized by the extremely long stigma of the 
fore wings, has been found in the San Francisco Bay region infesting 
the shoots of Monterey pine and Cilician fir. 


Group Vacunina Mordwilko 


This group contains but two genera, Vacuwna Heyden and Glyphina 
Koch. Mordwilko does not recognize Glyphina as distinct from 
Vacuna, although Tullgren does. The latter separates the two genera 
as follows: 

1. Last abdominal tergite formed into a knob-shaped tail. Integument bare, 
and at most partially set with short lancet-shaped hairs. .. ....Vacuna Heyd. 
— Last abdominal tergite half-moon shaped, strongly swollen, but scarcely, 


if at all, separated from the base. Integument set with stiff bristle-like 
hairs and in apterous females with grain-like elevations ....@lyphina Koch34 


45. Genus Vacuna Heyden 
Heyden, Ent. Beitr., vol. 2, p. 289, 1837. Type Aphis dryophila Schrank. 


177. Vacuna dryophila (Schrank) (?) 


Schrank, Fauna Boica, vol. 1, p. 113, 1801. Aphis (orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, p. 128, 1914. Chaitophorus sp. (dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, p. 290, 1917 (desce.). 


Record.—Quercus lobata; Walnut Creek (Davidson). 


Recently Davidson described this species from specimens taken on 
valley oak in Contra Costa County, where he had observed it for three 
years. The single alate female he has taken does not appear identical 
with European specimens of V. dryophila, so he lists the species under 
this name provisionally. © 


34 This genus is not represented in California. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California ot 


Subfamily Phylloxerinae Dreyfus 


This subfamily consists of two groups, the Chermisina and the 
Phylloxerina. Below is a key to these two groups taken from Van 
der Goot: 


1. Body always with wax glands. Antennae of adults three-jointed, seemingly 
five-jointed, with three large sensoria. Gonapophyses appearing as three 
short lips. Sexuales dwarfed, with beak ...................--...-- Group Chermisina 

— Body usually without wax glands. Antennae of adults three-jointed, with two 
large sensoria. Gonapophyses seem to be lacking. Sexuales dwarfed, with- 
BURG LaGih Secie foetal nae hth al ao lb teas ie wt lee An a nahn) a atta Group Phylloxerina 


Group Chermisina Borner 


This group consists of three genera, Pineus Shimmer, Cnapholodes 
Maeq., and Chermes Linn. as it is generally considered, although some 
authors add more, as Gillettea Del Guercio and Guercioja Mordw. In 
California but one of these genera is represented, and that by but 
two species. 


46. Genus Chermes Linnaeus 


Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., vol. 10, 1758. Type Chermes sambuci Linn. 


178. Chermes cooleyi Gillette 


Gillette, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 69, p. 3, 1907 (orig. desc.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909. C. cowent Gill. (list). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910. C. coweni Gill. (list). 
Brannigan, Mon. Bull. Cal. Comm. Hort., vol. 4, p. 285, 1915 (list). 


Records.—Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Pinus pinea; San Francisco Bay region, Sac- 
ramento Valley. 


This species was first reported in California by Davidson, who 
found it on Douglas fir at Stanford University. Essig lists it from 
San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties on Douglas fir. 
In 1915 it was reported twice, once in Sacramento on Douglas fir, and 
once on Italian stone pine. The author has specimens from EH. J. 
Vosler taken in Sacramento where it was found infesting the twigs 
and needles of Italian stone pine. Only the apterous females were 
present, however. 


152 Unwersity of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


179. Chermes pinicorticis Fitch 


Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., vol. 14, p. 971, 1855. Coccus (orig. 
desc. ). 

Storment, 20th Ann. Rep. Illinois St. Ent., appendix, 1898 (desce.). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909 (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910 (list). 


Record.—Pinus pinaster maritima; Stanford University (Davidson). 


This species, which is unknown to the author, was reported as 
present at Stanford University on Pinus pinaster maritima, where 
it was so abundant as to sometimes kill the young trees. For a com- 
plete description see Storment’s paper listed above. 


Group Phylloxerina Borner 


There are two genera in this tribe, as considered by Borner and 
Mordwilko, although the American authors have generally taken cog- 
nizance of but one, namely, Phylloxera Boyer. Below is a key from 
Mordwilko to these genera. 

1. Neither wingless females nor any other forms secreting any waxy material. 


Phylloxera Boyer 
— Wingless females secreting a waxy powder .............----------- Phylloxerina Borner 


47. Genus Phylloxera Boyer 
Boyer de Fonscolmbe, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, vol. 3, p. 222, 1834. Type 
P. quercus Boyer. 
180. Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch 


Fitch, Rept. Ins. N. Y., vol. 1, p. 58, 1855 (orig. dese.). 

Planchon, C.-R. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 67, pp. 588-594, 1868. P. vastatrix 
(dese. ). 

Clarke, Can. Ent., vol. 35, p. 248, 1903. P. vastatriz Plan (list). 

Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 299, 1909. P. vastatrix Plan. (list). 


Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, p. 372, 1910. P. vastatria Plan. (list). 

Records.—Grape; Central and Northern California. 

This is the only species of this genus reported in California. It 
is one of the most destructive species of plant lice in this section of 
the country, having in its time practically wiped out the grape indus- 
try of Santa Clara Valley, and of many other parts of the state. It 
seems that in California this species infests the roots only of the grape, 
the forms that produce the leaf galls in the eastern parts of the 
country not being found here. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 153 


48. Genus Phylloxerina Borner 


Borner, Arbeiter aus d. kais. biol. Anst. f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 
vol. 6, pp. i-v, 81-320, 1908. Type Phylloxera salicis Linn. 


This genus is represented in California by two species, one found 
on the stems of cottonwood (Populus sp.) and the other on the stems 
and exposed roots of willow (Salix sp.). 


181. Phylloxerina popularia (Pergande) 


Pergrande, Proce. Davenport Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 266, 1904. Phylloxera 
(orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 420, 1915. Phyllozera (list). 


Records.—Populus spp.; Walnut Creek (Davidson), Merced (Beers). 


The only report of this species in California is the one of Davidson 
who found it on Populus fremonti and Populus trichocarpa at Walnut 
Creek. On October 14, 1915, A. A. Beers of Merced sent some speci- 
mens to the author from balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera) in 
Merced. These were all apterous females, and were found in great 
masses of white wax on the smaller branches and twigs. These reports 
are the only ones since its original report from Texas and Louisiana 
by Pergande. 


182. Phylloxrina salicola (Pergande) 


Pergande, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 267, 1904. Phylloxera 
(orig. dese.). 
Davidson, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 419, 1915. Phylloxera (list). 


Records.—Saliz spp.; Walnut Creek (Davidson); Pasadena (Smith). 


This species was also reported from Walnut Creek by Davidson 
on arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) where he found it on the stems 
and exposed roots. On October 18, 1915, A. G. Smith sent the author 
specimens from an ornamental willow (Salix sp.) in Pasadena, where 
he found it very abundantly that fall. The specimens were all 
apterous females, and were found in the midst of considerable masses 
of wax. This species has only been reported from Illinois, District 
of Columbia, and California. 


154 


10. 


University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


APPENDIX. 1 
KEYS TO THE GENERA AND TRIBES OF APHIDIDAE 


BY 
P. VAN DER GOOT, 1913 


Subfamily APHIDINAE 


. Antennae seven-jointed (better six-jointed). The last true joint with a dis- 


tinct, more delicate continuation (terminal process). This continuation 
almost as long as, or even much longer than the last segment; if shorter, 
the cauda is distinctly wart-shaped, and the number of rudimentary gona- 
pophyses is always two. Cornicles almost always well formed and clearly 
projecting. Wings with twice-branched cubitus, only once-branched in 
exceptional cases (i... i dace ic cen eee 2 
Antennae mostly six-jointed, the last joint with a short projection, this being 
usually distinctly shorter than half the last segment. Cornicles scarcely 
projecting, very often only appearing as pores or entirely absent. Wings 


with a simple or once-branched cubitus 207A 5 
. Cauda wart-like, occasionally not so, or scarcely separated, but then the number 
of rudimentary gonapophyses is always distinctly two ....................-....--.-. 3 
Cauda sickle-shaped or knobbed, not wart-like, only very seldom absent. Rudi- 
mentary. gonapophyses always: three es. ccngecn -erereneeseeee eee Siphonophorina 

. Cornicles very long, almost cylindrical. Rudimentary gonapophyses three. 
Drepanosiphina 
Cornicles very short, somewhat clubbed. Rudimentary gonapophyses two or 
LOU ea sabasd eee EY ee cae EE ae + 
. Number of rudimentary gonapophyses four. Body never with long clubbed 
TER iy: |e) Say WA SE EGER RIESE SAEED M re ITH ie OS te RL! Chaitophorina 
Number of rudimentary gonapophyses two. Body often with knobbed hairs. 
Tarsi always with two pulvillae [Haftlappchen] ---....................... Callipterina 
Cauda.wartslike 22. .c2i5202 5 scte cet ches biel onnch co segs ob macys etude tues eae feel eienee cee 6 
Cauda not wart-like, usually absent. -.22--2-2-.c---cc-0c02<-secnncaceonecteb-ne=sstes sees ee 7 
. Anal plate bilobed. Sensoria of alate females linear -............... --Hormaphidina 
Anal plate simple. Sensoria of alate females circular .................. Vacunina p.p. 
. Canda distinctly. sickle-shaped 2270-2225 o ace cree ee Mindarina 
Cauda only scarcely.or not at all separated 22.4 8 


. Antennae five-jointed. Cornicles very short, only slightly projecting. Body 


without distinct waxigland:oroups se eee ees Vacunina p.p. 
Antennae six-jointed, those of the apterous forms often only four- or five- 
jointed. Cornicles often only pores or entirely lacking. Body often with 


Wax < Glands foc. sc es ee ee Sa at ak acne aga mn as 9 

. Body with long, mostly fine hairs; without distinctly facetted wax gland 
plates. Primary sensoria almost always without hairy edges ...................--- 10 
Body naked; very often with distinctly facetted wax-gland plates. Primary 
sensoria often with hairy edges -.............-------- pecans dase staat ecg acer eee 11 
Rudimentary gonapophyses three. Wings mostly with twice-branched cubitus. 
Cornicles always prominent 225.2 sseee ee tee eet eaten a coe ee Lachnina 


Rudimentary gonapophyses none. Wings with simple or once-branched cubitus. 
Gornicles : often’ absen ticks. neces rece reereeate eter ct cee ee Anoeciina 


1919] = =Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 155 


11. Rudimentary gonapophyses three. Facets of wax-gland plates almost equal- 
sized.. Wings with simple cubitus. Sensoria of alate forms long oval, not 
UBC oTW Goat aa is Ca Sp Re Dai ea Wm TN A fe 7s Oa ea Pemphigina 
— Rudimentary gonapophyses none. Wax gland plates always with at least 
one large central facet. Sensoria of alate forms linear. Wings with simple 
Cima ClIMCeet rt ANUNGC a Cl LDS see hoes feet Se ee ee elder sect Schizoneurina 


Subfamily CHERMISINAE 


1. Rudimentary gonapophyses appearing as three short cones. Wax glands 


BETAS UaESCeL WV GL,Y SEPT OOS eee cers en ee sa ae acest had area cn ads ea twsch anes Chermisina 
— Rudimentary gonapophyses seemingly lacking. Wax glands mostly absent. 
Phylloxerina 


Group SIPHONOPHORINA 


1.. Apterous forms with a few sensoria on the third antennal segment. Antennal: 
tubercles usually well formed. Body almost never with lateral tubercles, 

in any case these are never formed on the seventh abdominal segment .... 2 

— Apterous forms without sensoria on the third antennal segment. Antennal 


tubercles often small or absent. Body with lateral tubercles -..................... 4 
2. Cornicles almost cylindrical, or rarely somewhat swollen on the side, but then 
Lhawodys is covered withrcapitate hairs Ys. ee ee es 3 


— Cornicles distinctly clavate. Body almost bare, never with capitate hairs. 
Rhopalosiphum Koch 
Type Amphorophora ampullata Buckton: 
3. Body of apterous forms with long capitate hairs. First antennal joint 
drawn out, somewhat tooth-shaped on the inner side .......... Myzus Passerini 
Type Aphis ribis Linn. 
— Body of apterous forms bare or without capitate hairs. First antennal joint 
Vevervarawn Out, vOctnslike! 226 2b Ae Macrosiphum Passerini 
Type Aphis millifolit Fabr. 
4, Body of apterous forms with capitate hairs. First antennal joint more or 
BereetOcE neds Or NEN e810 6 She! cokut. sce tactic scare cncus en hiNeacecuneaes Capitophorus n.gn. 
Type Phorodon carduinum Walker. 
— Body of apterous forms without capitate hairs. First antennal joint not 
APOE Ba Ok ele, Ee Be aha ne anne kA Ee aie er 6 ECM eae ne eR Ea, OR ao aa 5 
5. Body with many long delicate hairs. Cornicles short, somewhat swollen. 
Cladobius (Koch.) Pass. 
Type Aphis populea Kalt. 


LEPC) GED Capes IGS [4 F. Chuares lke Rance poteeaa geemey SES es ean CREA aed CA, SMO E RGR iy Or ee 6 
er -cormicies almost.as long or longer than cauda . 2.0.22: OA he ee fs 
Bem OLnrcics Wilich: shorter, THAN: CAUdS 2.32 2e a ee een eel 16 
ee Gornicles salways distinctly ‘clavate-s 220.0 a Siphocoryne Pass. 
Type Aphis avenae Fabr. 
PT THICl One GVinGriCal GOr . CONICAL 0.122 cn ee ee Le eso eh elle cennsnsceztane 8 
8. Antennal tubercles well formed, very distinctly toothed on the inner side. 
Tubereles on the side of the body always absent .....W.........-.....2022.--..sc.---00 9 
— Antennal tubercles mostly small or lacking, never distinctly toothed. Body 
OELON mvinti eta Oral CU DGrGl@se. 02: Sa Rei Oo ee OP: oe ee 10 
9. Antennal tubercles very strongly toothed, the first joint being distinctly 
PAP UENG  TTRTIOT NG co osc bs epee ee onan ageenmarnnesemegn ome Phorodon Pass. 


Type Aphis humuli Schr. 
— Antennal tubercles only slightly toothed, first antennal joint being rounded 
Orsiatvonsthevinnerside,.mever: toothed) :_.11-.5 Fee Ovatus n.gn. 
Type Ovatus mespili v. d. G. 


156 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


10. Antennal tubercles well formed, strongly rounded on the inner side. 


Type Aphis cerasi Fabr. Myzoides n.gn. 


— Antennal tubercles small or lacking, never drawn out distinctly on inner 


1 i [ene SMe NN RI AeeIeD way Pee OL alk pak MMM hte oe le MS Nie 11 
11. Body with small tubercles on the middle of the seventh and eighth abdominal 
segments, and often also on the head and prothorax ................ Dentatus n.gn. 


Type Aphis sorbi Kalt. / 
— Body without tubercles on the middle of the seventh and eighth abdominal 
SO QMONUGG | ocaccnti oases Shnastavsate wheter tee Was oeaencas cas ketene bees renee lek eee cc aig Renee tere ote aa 12 
12. Cubitus of fore wing only once-branched .............2..---.-----ce--+0 Toxoptera Koch 
Type Toxoptera graminum (Rond.). 
— Cubitus of fore wing always twice-branched. Body often with lateral tuber- 
CO) (): el En SERINE Seabees Sot NG Peta See eA Ee 13 
13. Cornicles short, always distinctly conical. Cauda very short, broad with 
rounded tip, usually approximately the length of the cornicles, or entirely 
lacking. Lateral tubercles lacking or only indistinctly formed on the an- 


terior abdominal) segments) ....4200.c essere ele eee nco eet 15 
— Cornicles long, almost cylindrical. Cauda sickle- or club-shaped, usually dis- 
tinctly shorter: than: cormicles)....-2.025c02-520 vad caceoe cag bdeceeceeeetade ee 14 
14, Body long without lateral tubercles. Front often with a very distinct tubercle 
in “the. middléiciy3 ea te Be ee dee cee a eh eee Myzaphis n.gn. 


Type Aphis rosarum Walker. 
— Body more rounded, with lateral tubercles. Front usually flat, never with a 


distinet:! tubercle. iscix.c ee ee ee Aphis Linn. 
Type Aphis rumicis Linn. 
15. Cauda distinctly separated, almost as long as broad ............ Brachycaudus n.gn. 


Type Aphis myosotidis Koch. 
(Aphis cardui Linn. belongs in this genus.) 

— Cauda lacking or searcely separated, much shorter than broad ....Acaudus n.gn. 
Type Aphis lychnidis Linn. 


16. Cornicles distinctly longer than broad. Cauda usually not conical .................. En 
— Cornicles extremely short, scarcely projecting, cylindrical, usually nearly as 
long as broad. Cauda always conical with broad base .............---------:-----+-+- 19 
17. Cornicles only a little longer than broad, distinctly conical. Cauda sickle- or 
clab-sha ped) ‘2:32... Sasa hae ie. ara eee tee ee Longicaudis n.gn. 
Type Hyalopterus trirhodus (Walker). 
— Cornicles cylindrical, at least twice as long as broad .........-....--...---e-seeceeecoeeee eons 18 
18. Body with lateral tubercles on first and seventh abdominal segments. Cauda 
small, elub-shaped sh. c2o asso eae oer renee tate ee ee aes Hyalopterus Koch 


Type Aphis pruni Fabr. 
— Body without lateral tubercles on first and seventh abdominal segments. Cauda 
COMICAL) hon Ta ened acces ee ene ete ce tee a ee rs oe Semiaphis n.gn. 
Type Aphis carotae Koch. 
19. Body long, without lateral tubercles. Antennae short, at the most about half 
the length ofathe shod ya ccm k ce ee epee ee Brachycolus Buckton 
Type Brachycolus stellariae (Hardy). 
— Body oval with lateral tubercles on prothorax, first and seventh abdominal 
segments. Antennae at least about three-fourths as long as the body. 
Type Aphis thalictri Koch. Brachysiphumiaea 


Group DREPANOSIPHINA 
Genus Drepanosiphum Koch. Type Drepanosiphum platanoides Schrank. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 157 


1. 


On 


Group CALLIPTERINA 


Antennae six-jointed. Cornicles merely pores. Body always with wax 

AGRE (a hOB aR ie ABA thn py ene Me, lan ot Seo ae, Marea ak RE ne epee Phyllaphis Koch 
Type Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.). 

Antennae seven-jointed, the terminal process at least one-half as long as the 
preceding joint. Cornicles always distinctly projecting. Body almost 
always without wax glands, these always of similar shape .......................--- 2 

. Seventh antennal joint distinctly longer than. sixth -..............-..-..-<ese:ciesce-pee-s---- 3 

Seventh antennal joint only as long as, or shorter than sixth ..................-.....-- 6 

. Cornicles but slightly projecting. Antennae curved as in beetles. 


Bradyaphis Mord. 
Type Bradyaphis antennata (Kalt.). 
Cornicles. distinctly prominent. Antennae straight ................-----.-.-ssc--ee-ccseeeees 4 


. Anal plate only slightly emarginate, never bilobed. Body with tolerably stiff 


hairs, these are never capitate. Apterous forms always with sensoria on 


Ua EMS EW Ve Tey) 1) Alar ehae aie” Ua cela cy ae Ae eas ee Callipterinella n.gn. 
Type Callipterus betularius Kalt. 
Anal plate distinctly bilobed. Body bare or with capitate hairs -................... 5 


. Apterous forms without sensoria on third antennal joint. The body always 


BM S Temetesy PYEEEL US LL ES Aeros: oe ted yeas se decose tcf tesb a icotete a aca peas adn Arete Callipterus Koch 
Type Callipterus coryli (Goetze). 
Apterous forms with a few sensoria on third antennal joint. Body with dis- 
EME GATT RAPE 0 wists US 1 io) eg Rel Oe oe Oe Tuberculatus Mord. 
Type Tuberculatus betulicolus (Kalt.). 


PEE ECAR AIEEE ITI GLY ADELOUS CCL cic ocuiicgnsscecotenandanct aanesadeestccsabaphsts castes subeeupetadaaduclyioonds 8 
2 Week EEG SS SoUG PON GAS TEACU) ees oie sseae ap nO Bere len ar, FUER WEAt rr Ar yd me eee, MP 7 
7. Cauda wart-like, distinctly separated from base. Apterous forms without 


Bonsoria on) third, antennalsj0ints 2.025.862 elles... Callipteroides Mord. 
Type Callipterus betulae Koch. 
Cauda searcely visible. Sensoria present on third antennal joint of apterous 
PTW MIE, Gc at co Me ling SR uf ake 0, als § ikea he SR ape a RED Atel Us Roce Symydobius Mord. 
Type Symydobius oblongus (Heyden). 


. Seventh antennal joint nearly as long as the sixth. Wings with only very 


small black spots at the tip of the veins ...................... Subcallipterus Mord. 
Type Callipterus alni (Fabr.). 
Seventh antennal joint nearly half as long as sixth. Wings black spotted. 
| Pterocallis Pass. 
Type Pterocallis tiliae (Linn.). 


Group CHAITOPHORINA 


. Body with long delicate hairs. Antennae seven-jointed. Cornicles well de- 


CPLDV EINES aig & 18 Ge RRR ARN TERNS ey ry her Pe aS nee nee ee ee 2 

Body with short thorn-like hairs. Antennae six-jointed, the terminal process 

always distinctly longer than the preceding joint. Cornicles only slightly 

NNR US AT reese ee ee eg EL occ eset tcsesarshaewiasee Sipha Passerini 
Type Sipha glyceriae (Kalt.). 


. Tarsi with two ‘‘Haftlappchen’’ [i.e., the empodial hair is spatula-like]. 


Chaitophorinella n.gn. 
Type Chaitophorus testudinatus (Thornton). 
Tarsi without ‘‘Haftlippehen’’ fie. the empodial hair is bristle-like]. 
Chaitophorus Koch 
Type Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch. 


158 University of California Publications in Entomology (VoL. 3 


Group LACHNINA 


1. Wings usually with twice-branched cubitus, the radius always straight. Cauda 
not*at' all or only slightly separated (270.0222 oe cterencee Lachnus Ill. 
Type Lachnus junipert De Geer. 
— Wings with once- or twice-branchel cubitus and with a curved radius; the mem- 
brane usually with dusky markings. Cauda usually slightly separated ...... 2 
2. Beak distinctly longer than the body, strongly retractile. Cubitus’ but once- 
branched, the wings only slightly darkened ..................... Stomaphis Buckton 
Type Stomaphis quercus (Linn.). 
— Beak clearly shorter than body and only slightly retractile. Wings beautifully 
spotted: with <dark® Drown 22 occ eee eee ee ee eee a oe 3 
8. Cubitus’, twice-branched <iic-... <-5-cs-casecstcnssepereeeen. receeees verter eeeeenre nee Dryobius Koch 
Type Dryobius croaticus Koch. 
—' Cubitusvonce- branched! 2 eee te ites gees een re ranean Schizodryobius n.gn. 
Type Lachnus exsiccator Hart. 
Tribe ANOECIINA 
1); Hind tarsi. Glo oa te seers acter coe eee str eagts eee eee eee Trama Heyden 
Type Trama radicis Koch. 
—“"Hind tarst ot: elongate norco isc seweesees nctneontenceun conapecucedteteeiegs == ta Salen 
2. Cubitus once-branched. Cornicles present, quite prominent. Margin of body 
with peculiar non-faceted ‘‘wax-gland’’ (?) plates -................ Anoecia Koch 
Type Anoecia cornt (Fabr.). 
— Cubitus not branched. Cornicles absent. Wax gland plates not present. 
Tullgrenia v. d.G. 
Type Tullgrenia phaseoli (Pass.). 
Tribe HORMAPHIDINA 
1. Antennae always five-segmented. The fronds almost without exception with 


two little horns. Cubitus once branched ......................-...---- Cerataphis Licht. 
Type C. lataniae Boisd. 

Antennae of the apterae often only three-segmented. Fronds without protuber- 

ances. (CaDIVUS 9S1mi le epee cgcece. alec cere ce ee ee Hamamelistes Schim. 
Type H. betulae Mordw. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 159 


APPENDIX 2 


Host Puant List or Cauirornira APHIDIDAE*® 
Abies (fir) 
45. Lachnus ferrisi Swain 
47. Lachnus occidentalis Dvdn. 
176. Mindarus abietinus Koch 
Abutilon (Indian mallow) 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Acer (maple, box elder) 
5. Drepanaphis acerifolii (Thomas) 
4. Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schrank) 
33. Thomasia negundinis (Thomas) 
Achillea (yarrow) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Aegopodium (goutweed ) 
108. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Aesculus (California buckeye) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
171. Prociphilus venafuscus Patch 
Alder, see Alnus 
Alfalfa, see Medicago 
Alfilerilla, see Hrodium 
Alisma (water plantain) 
156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Almond, see Prunus 
Alnus (Alder) 
9. Hucallipterus flava (Davidson) 
8. Euceraphis gillettei Davidson 
11. Myzocallis alnifoliae (Fitch) 
Alopecurus (foxtail) 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Althaea (hollyhock) ‘ 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Alum root, see Heuchera 


35 In the following list only the generic and common names of the plants are 
employed, the various species of plants being omitted. Although in certain cases 
aphids are restricted to certain species, as Hriosoma languinosa Hartig on Pyrus 
communis but not on Pyrus malus, these are in the minority. The botanical 
names are taken from the following works, with preference as in the order listed: 

Bailey, L. H., Standard cyclopedia of horticulture, vols. 1-6, New York, Mac- 
Millan, 1914-1917, 

Robinson, B. L., and Fernald, M. L., Gray’s New manual of botany, ed. 7, 
Cambridge, Harvard University, 1908. 

Jepson, W. L., A flora of western middle California, ed. 2, San Francisco, Cun- 
ningham, 1911. Fhe 

Abrams, LeRoy, Flora of Los Angeles and vicinity, Palo Alto, Stanford Uni- 
versity Press, 1904. 


160 Unwersity of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


Amaranthus (pigweed) 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover 

132. Aphis middletonii Thomas 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz) 

163. Trifidaphis radicicola (Essig) 
Ambrosia (ragweed ) 

146. Aphis senecio Swain 

77. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
Ampelodesma 

68. Macrosiphum granariwm (Kirby) 
Amsinckia (amsinckia ) 

146. Aphis senecio Swain 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Angelica (angelica) 3 

109. Aphis angelicae Koch 

115. Aphis cari Essig 

108. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Anise, Wild, see Carum 
Anthemis (chamomile) 

121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 

146. Aphis senecio Swain 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Apple, see Pyrus 
Apricot, see Prunus 
Aquilegia (columbine) 

85. Myzus aquilegiae Essig 
Arbor vitae, see Thuja sp. 
Arbutus (madronfe, strawberry tree) 

103. Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette 
Arctostaphylos (manzanita) 

1. Phyllaphis coweni (Cockerell) 

103. Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette 
Artemisia (sagebrush, oldman, California mugwort, etc.) 

122. Aphis frigidae Oestlund 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 

137. Aphis oregonensis Wilson 

146. Aphis senecio Swain 

61. Macrosiphum artemisiae (Fonsc.) 

62. Macrosiphum artemisicola (Williams) 

72. Macrosiphum ludovicianiae (Oestlund) 
Artichoke, see Cynara 
Arundinaria (bamboo) 

12. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 

13. Myzocallis arundinariae Essig 
Arundo (giant reed) 

12. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 

13. Myzocallis arundinariae Essig 
Asclepias (milkweed) 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover 

135. Aphis nerit Fonse. 

102. Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 161 


Ash, see Fraxinus 
Arparagus (asparagus, smilax, asparagus fern) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Aster (aster) 
132. Aphis middletonit Thomas 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
Astragalus (loco weed) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Atriplex (orache) 
147. Aphis tetrapteralis Cockerell 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Avocado, see Persea 
Avena (oats) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
105. Khopalosiphum rhois Monell 
Baccharis (groundsel) 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
63. Macrosiphum baccharadis (Clarke) 
77. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Bamboo, see Arundinaria, Bambusa, and Phyllostachys ° 
Bambusa (bamboo) 
12. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 
Banana, see Musa 
Barberry, see Berberis 
Barley, see Hordeum 
Basswood, see Tilia 
Bean, see Phaseolus 
Bean, Blackeye, see Vigna 
Bean, Broad, see Vicia 
Beech, see Fagus 
Beet, see Beta 
Begonia (begonia) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Bell, fairy, see Dipsorum 
Berberis (barberry) 
154. Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.) 
Beta (beet, sugarbeet) 
124. Aphis gossypu Glover 
164. Pemphigus betae Doane 
Betula (birch) 
6. Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch) 
27. Callipterinella annulata (Koch) 
7. Euceraphis betulae (Koch) 
Birch, see Betula 
Blackberry, see Rubus 
Bougainvillea (bougainvillea) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Boxelder, see Acer 


162 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Brassica (cabbage, mustard, turnip, ete.) 

112. Aphis brassicae Linn. 

144, Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 

166. Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley (?) 

102. Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Broom, see Cytisus 
Buckeye, California, see Aesculus 
Buckton, see Rhamnus 
Bur clover, see Medicago 
Buttercup, see Ranunculus 
Cabbage, see Brassica 
Calendula (marigold) 

113. Aphis calendulicola Monell 

121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 

146. Aphis senecio Swain 
California buckeye, see Aesculus 
California holly, see Heteromeles 
California mugwort, see Artemesia 
California poppy, see. Eschscholtzia 
California sagebrush, see Artemisia 
California tule, see Typha 
Calla, see Zantedeschia 
Camellia (camellia) 

152. Toxoptera aurantit (Fonsc.) 
Canary grass, see Phalaris 
Cantaloupe, see Cucumis 
Capsella (shepard’s purse) 

112. Aphis brassicae Linn. 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover 

141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Capsicum (pepper pimento) 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Caragana (pea tree) 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch. 
Carum (wild anise) 

115. Aphis cari Essig 

155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Castanea (chestnut) 

15. Myzocallis castanicola Baker (davidsoni Swain) 
Catalpa (catalpa) 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover 

139. Aphis pomi de Geer 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Cauliflower, see Brassica 
Ceanothus (mountain lilac) 

116. Aphis ceanothi Clarke 
Centaurea (tacalote) 

130. Aphis marutae Oestlund 
Centranthus (red valerian) 

76. Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 


163 


Chaerophyllum 


155 
Chamomi 
Chaparra 


Charlock, 


Cheesewe 


. Siphocoryne capreae .(Fabr.). 
le, see Anthemis 

1 broom, see Baccharis 

see Brassica 

ed, see Malva 


Chetranthus (wallflower ) 


88 


. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 


Chenopodium (lamb’s-quarters, pigweed) 


110 
123 
124 
164 
104 


. Aphis atriplicis Linn. 

. Aphis gossypii Glover 

. Aphis hederae Kalt. (?) 

. Pemphigus betae Doane (?) 

. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Cherry, see Prunus 
Cherry, wild, see Prunus 


Chestnut, 
Chestnut, 


see Castanea 
Horse, see Aesculus 


Chicory, see Chicorium 
Christmas berry, see Heteromeles 
Chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum ) 


56. 
123. 
146. 
160. 

ie 

78. 


Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
Aplis gossypti Glover 

Aphis senecio Swain 

Coloradoa rufomaculata Wilson 
Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
Macrosiphum sanborni Gillette 


Cichorium (chicory) 


71 


. Macrosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 


Cicuta (water hemlock) 


155 


Cirsium (thistle) 


144 
Citrullus 
125 


. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 


. Aphis cardui Linn. 
(watermelon) 
. Aphis gossypii Glover 


Citrus (citrus, orange, lemon, etc.) 


118. 
123. 
131. 

79. 
104. 
152. 


Aphis cooki Essig 

Aphis gossypit Glover 

Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Macrosiphum solanifolti (Ashmead) 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Toxoptera aurantit (Fonsce.) 


Clarkia (clarkia) 


104 
Clematis 
94 


. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
(clematis ) 
. Myzus varians Davidson 


Clover, see Trifolium 


Clover, S 


weet, see Melilotus 


Coffeeberry, see Rhamnus 
Columbine, see Aquilegia 
Compositae (various species) 


131 
65 
77 


. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
. Macrosiphum chrysanthemi (Oestlund) 
. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 


164 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


Conium (poison hemlock) 
159. Stphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.) 
Convolvulus (morning glory) 
56. Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
123. Aphis gossypt Glover 
72. Macrosiphum ludovicianae (Oestlund) 
Corn, see Zea 
Cornus (dogwood) 
119. Aphis cornifoliae Fitch 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Corylus (hazelnut) 
16. Myzocallis coryli (Goetze) 
100. Rhopalosiphum corylinum Davidson 
Cotoneaster (cotoneaster ) 
139. Aphis pomi de Geer 
Cotton, see Gossypium 
Cottonwood, see Populus 
Cow parsnip, see Heracleum 
Cowpea, see Vigna 
Cowslip, see Primula 
Crab apple, see Pyrus 
Cranesbill, see Geranium 
Crataegus (hawthorn) 
120. Aphis crataegifoliae Fitch 
139. Aphis pomi de Geer 
Cruciferae (various spp.) 
112. Aphis brassicae Linn. 
141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 
Cucumber, see Cucumis 
Cucumis (cucumber, muskmelon, cantaloupe, ete. ) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Cucurbita (squash, gourd, pumpkin, etc.) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
66. Macrosiphum cucurbitae (Thomas) 
Cupressus (cypress) 
161. Cerosipha cupressi Swain 
96. Macrosiphum morrisoni Swain 
Currant, see Ribes 
Cydonia (quince) 
139. Aphis pomi De Geer 
Cynara (artichoke) 
86. Myzus braggii Gillette 
Cynoglossum (houndstongue ) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Cypress, see Cupressus 
Cyrtomium (holly fern) 
162. Cerataphis lataniae (Boisd.) 
58. Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Cytisus (broom) 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 165 


Dandelion, see Taraxacum 
Datura (jimson weed) 
123. Aphis gossypti Glover 
Deinandra 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Digitalis (foxglove) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Dipsacus (fuller’s teasel) 
76. Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) 
77. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Disporum (fairy bell) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Dock, see Rumex 
Dogwood, see Cornus 
Douglas fir, see Pseudotsuga 
Dracaena (dragon tree) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
Dragon tree, see Dracaena 
Elderberry, see Sambucus 
Elm, see Ulmus 
Elymus (wild rye) 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
English ivy, see Hedera 
Epilobium (fireweed ) 
136. Aphis oenotherae Oestlund 
Eriobotrya (loquat) 
139. Aphis pomi de Geer 
Erodium (alfilerilla ) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead ) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Erysimum (western wallflower ) 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Escallonia (escallonia) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Eschscholtzia (California poppy) 
123. Aphis gossypti Glover 
Everlasting, see Gnaphalium 
Fagus (beech) 
2. Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.) 
Fairybell, see Dipsorum 
Fennel, see Foeniculum 
Fenugreek, see Trigonella 
Fern, asparagus, see Asparagus 
Fern, Boston, see Nephrolepis 
Fern, holly, see Cyrtomium 
Fig marigold, see Mesembryanthemum 
Figwort, see Scrophularia 
Fir, see Abies 
Fir, Douglas, see Pseudotsuga 
Fireweed, see Epilobium 
Foeniculum (fennel) 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 


166 Unwersity of California Publications in Entomology [VoL.3 


Foxglove, see Digitalis 
Foxtail, see Alopecurus 
Fragaria (strawberry ) 
90. Myzus fragaefolii Cockerell 
Fraxinus (ash) 
171. Prociphilus venafuscus Patch 
167. Thecabius californicus (Davidson) 
Fuller’s teasel, see Dipsacus 
Fuchsia (fuchsia) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Gambleweed, see Sanicula 
Geranium, see Pelargonium 
Geranium (cranesbill) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
German ivy, see Senecio 
Gladiolus (gladiolus) 
88. Myzus circumflexzus (Buckton) 
Glycyrrhiza (liquorice) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Gnaphalium (everlasting) 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
60. Macrosiphum ambrosiae (Thomas) 
Gooseberry, see Ribes 
Goosefoot, see Chenopodium 
Gossypium (cotton) 
123. Aphis gossypw Glover 
Gourd, see Cucurbita 
Goutweed, see Aegopodium 
Graminaceae (various species) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
67. Macrosiphum dirhodum (Walker) 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
105. Rhopalostphum rhois Monell 
Grape, see Vitis 
Grindelia (marsh grindelia) 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
Hawthorn, see Crataegus 
Hazelnut, see Corylus 
Hedera (English ivy) 
109. Aphis angelicae Koch 
124. Aphis hederae Kalt 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Hedge mustard, see Sisymbriwm 
Hedge nettle, see Stachys 
Helianthus (sunflower) 
123. Aphis gossypii. Glover 
132. Aphis middletonu Thomas 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
60.. Macrosiphum ambrosiae (Thomas) 
77. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 167 


Hemlock, Poison, see Conium 
Hemlock, Water, see Cicuta 
Heracleum (cow parsnip ) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
125. Aphis heraclei Cowen 
Heteromeles (California holly, Christmas berry) 
170. Prociphilus alnifoliae (Williams) 
103. Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette 
Heuchera (alum root) 
69. Macrosiphum heucherae (Thomas) 
Hibiscus (rose mallow) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Holly fern, see Cyrtonium 
Hollyhock, see Althaea 
Holly, mountain, see Heteromeles 
Honey flower, see Melianthus 
Honeysuckle, see Lonicera 
Hop, see Humulus 
Hordeum (barley) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
Houndstongue, see Cynoglossum 
Humulus (hop) 
123. Aphis gossypt Glover 
98. Phorodon humuli (Schrank) 
Hydrangea (hydrangea) 
123. Aphis gossypu Glover 
Indian mallow, see Abutilon 
Ironweed, see Veronina 
Ivy, Engislh, see Hedera 
Ivy, German, see Senecio 
Jasminum (jessamine ) 
70. Macrosiphum jasmini (Clarke) 
Jessamine, see Jasminum 
Jimpson weed, see Datura 
_Juglans (walnut) 
24. Callipterus californicus (Essig) 
25. Callipterus caryae Monell 
23. Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) 
26. Monellia caryella (Fitch) 
Knotweed, see Polygonum 
Lactuca (lettuce) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Lamb ’s-quarters, see Chenopodium 
Lathyrus (sweet pea) 
74. Macrosiphum pisit (Kalt.) 
Laurel, see Laurus 
Laurel, California, see Umbellularia 
Laurestinus, see Viburnum 
Laurus (laurel) 
150. Aphis viburnicolens n.sp. 


168 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Lavatera (tree mallow) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Leather root, see Psorales 
Lemon, see Citrus 
Lepidium (peppergrass) 
123. Aphis gossypu Glover 
Lettuce, see Lactuca 
Ligusticum (lovage) 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Lilae, see Syringa 
Lilac, Mountain, see Ceanothus 
Lilium (lily) 
123. Aphis gossypti Glover 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Lily, see Lilium 
Lily, Water, see Nymphaea 
Linden, see Tilia 
Liquorice, see Glycyrrhiza 
Liriodendron (tulip tree) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Lithospermum 
127. Aphis lithospermi Wilson 
Loco weed, see Astragalus 
Locust, see Robinia 
Loganberry, see Rubus 
Lonicera (honeysuckle) 
157. Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.) 
Loquat, see Eriobotrya 
Lovage, see Ligusticum 
Lupinus (lupine) 
59. Macrosiphum albifrons Essig 
Lycopersicum (tomato) 
91. Myzus lycopersicae (Clarke) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Madia (tarweed) 
77a. Macrosiphum rudbeckiae (Fitch) var. madia n.var. 
Madron, see Arbutus 
Mallow, Indian, see Abutilon 
Mallow, Rose, see Hibiscus 
Mallow tree, see Lavatera 
Malva (cheeseweed ) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
123. Aphis gossypt Glover 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Manzanita, see Arctostaphylos 
Maple, see Acer 
Marigold, see Calendula 
Marigold, fig, see Mesembryanthemum 
Matthiola (ten-weeks’ stock) 
141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 
Mayten, see Maytenus 
Maytenus (mayten) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 169 


Medicago (alfalfa, bur clover, etc.) 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 

74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Melianthus (honey flower) 

104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Melilotus (sweet clover) 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Mesembryanthemum (fig marigold) 

121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Milk thistle, see Silybum 
Milkweed, see Asclepias 
Morning glory, see Convolvulus 
Morus (mulberry ) 

133. Aphis mori Clarke 
Mountain holly, see Heteromeles 
Mountain lilac, see Ceanothus 
Muewort, California, see Artemisia 
Mulberry, see Morus 
Musa (banana) 

111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
Muskmelon, see Cucumis 
Mustard, see Brassica 
Mustard, Hedge, see Sisymbrium 
Mustard, Teasel, see Hrysimum 
Nasturtium, see Tropaeolum 
Nectarine, see Prunus 
Nephrolepis (Boston fern) 

58. Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis 
Nerium (oleander ) 
135. Aphis nertt Fonse. 
Nettle, Hedge, see Stachys 
Nettle, Stinging, see Urtica 
Nightshade, see Solanum 
Ninebark, see Physocarpus 
Nymphaea (water lily) 

123. Aphis gossypi Glover 

156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Oak, see Quercus 
Oak, Poison, see Rhus 
Oak, Tanbark, see Pasania 
Oats, see Avena 
Oenothera (evening primrose) 

136. Aphis oenotherae Oestlund 
Oldman, see Artemisia 
Oleander, see Nerium 
Orange, see Citrus 
Orache, see Atriplex 
Orchidaceae (orchids) 

162. Cerataphis lataniae (Boisd.) 
Orthocarpus (owl clover) 

73. Macrosiphum orthocarpt Davidson 
Owl clover, see Orthocarpus 





170 University of Californa Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Oxalis (oxalis) 
97. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
152. Toxoptera aurantii (Fonse.) 
Pansy, see Viola 
Papaver (poppy) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. (papaveris Fabr.?) 
Parsley, see Petroselinum 
Parsnip, see Pastinaca 
Parsnip, Cow, see Heracleum 
Pasania (tanbark oak) 
20. Myzocallis pasaniae Davidson 
Pastinaca (parsnip) 
156. Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.) 
Pea, see Piswm 
Pea, Cow, see Vigna 
Pea, Sweet, see Lathyrus 
Pea tree, see Caragona 
Peach, see Prunus 
Pear, see Pyrus 
Pelargonium (geranium) 
97. Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquellet 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae SE 
Pentstemon (pentstemon) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Pepper, see Capsicum 
Peppergrass, see Lepidium 
Periwinkle, see Vinca 
Persea (avacado) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Petroselinum (parsley ) 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Phalaris (canary grass) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
153. Hyalopterus arundinis sibeaukt 
Phaseolus (bean) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. (rumicis Linn.?) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Phragmites (reed grass) 
153. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.) 
Phyllostachys (bamboo) 
12. Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke) 
Physocarpus (ninebark) 
100.. Rhopalosiphum corylinum Davidson 
Picea (spruce) 
46. Lachnus glehnus Essig 
55. Lachnus vanduzei n.sp. 
158. Myzaphis abietina (Walker) 
Pigweed, see Amaranthus, and Chenopodium 
Pimento, see Capsicum 


Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 


Pimpinella 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Pine, see Pinus 
Pinus (pine) 
178. Chermes cooleyi Gillette 
179. Chermes pinicorticis Fitch 
43. Hssigella californica (Essig) 
45. Lachnus ferrisi Swain 
48. Lachnus oregonensis Wilson 
49. Lachnus pini-radiatae Davidson 
50. Lachnus ponderosa Williams 
52. Lachnus sabinianus n.sp. 
53a. Lachnus tomentosa (De Geer) (Addenda) 
176. Mindarus abietinus Koch 
Pisum (pea) 
74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Pittosporum (pittosporum ) , 
139. Aphis pom De Geer 
79. Macrosiphum solanifoliti (Ashmead) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Plantago (plantain) 
123. Aphis gossypti Glover 
129. Aphis malifoliae Fitch (?) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Plantain, see Plantago 
Plantain, Water, see Alisma 
Platanus (western sycamore) 
4. Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schrank) 
Plum, see Prunus 
Polygonum (knotweed) 
100. Rhopalosiphum hippophaes (Koch). 
156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Pomegranate, see Punica 
Pondweed, see Potamogeton 
Poplar, see Populus 
Poppy, see Papaver 
Poppy, California, see Hschscholtzia 
Populus (poplar, cottonwood) 
28. Arctaphis populifolu (Essig) 
164. Pemphigus betae Doane 
165. Pemphigus populi-caulis Fitch 
166. Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley 
181. Phylloxerina popularia (Pergande) 
40. Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch) 
167. Thecabius californicus (Davidson) 
168. Thecabius populiconduplifolius (Cowen) 
169. Thecabius populi-monilis (Riley) 
34. Thomasia populicola (Thomas) 
35. Thomasia salicola (Essig) 
Potamogeton (pondweed) 
156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Potato, see Solarum | 


ik 


University of California Publications in Entomology [V0.3 


Primrose, Evening, see Oenothera 
Primula (cowslip ) 
56. Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
Prune, see Prunus 
Prunus (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum, prune) 
107. Aphis alamedensis Clarke 
114. Aphis cardui Linn. 
117. Aphis cerasifoliae Fitch 
138. Aphis persicae-niger Smith 
140. Aphis prunorum Dobr. 
153. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr. 
87. Myzus cerasi (Fabr.) 
98. Phorodon humuli. (Schrank) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir) 
178. Chermes cooleyi Gillette 
43. Essigella californica (Essig) 
51. Lachnus pseudotsuga Wilson 
53. Lachnus taxifolia Swain 
171. Prociphilus venafuscus Patch 
Psorales (leather root) 
74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Pteris (brake) 
75. Macrosiphum pteridis Wilson 
Punica (pomegranate ) 
123. Aphis gossypit Glover 
Pumpkin, see Cucurbita 
Pyrus (apple, pear) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
129. Aphis malifoliae Fitch 
139. Aphis pomi De Geer 
175. Eriosoma languinosa Hartig (pyricola B. & D.) 
174. Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausman) 
Quercus (oak) 
. Drepanaphis acerifolia (Fitch) (?) 
14, Myzocallis bellus (Walsh) 
15. Myzocallis castanicola Baker (davidsoni Swain) 
17. Myzocallis discolor (Monell) 
18. Myzocallis punctatus (Monell) 
19. Myzocallis californicus Baker (maureri Swain) 
21. Myzocallis quercus (Kalt.) 
3. Phyllaphis quercicola Baker 
36. Symydobius agrifoliae Essig 
37. Symydobius chrysolepis Swain 
177. Vacuna dryophila Schrank (?) 
Quince, see Cydonia 
Radish, see Raphanus 
Ragweed, see Ambrosia 
Ramona (black sage) 
142. Aphis ramona Swain 


On 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 173 


Ranunculus (buttercup ) 
132. Aphis middleton Thomas 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
167. Thecabius californicus (Davidson) 
168. Thecabius populiconduplifolius (Cowen) 
Raphanus (radish) 
112. Aphis brassicae Linn. 
141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Reed, Giant, see Arundo 
Reed grass, see Phragmites 
RKhamnus (buckthorn, coffeeberry ) 
123. Aphis gossypi Glover 
92. Myzus rhamnus (Clarke) 
Rhus (poison oak) 
105. Rhopalosiphum rhois Monell 
Ribes (currant, gooseberry ) 
126. Aphis houghtonensis Troop 
134. Aphis neo-mexicana Ckll. var. pacifica Dvdn. 
89. Myzus cynosbati (Oestlund) 
93. Myzus ribifolit Davidson 
Robinia (locust) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Rosa (rose, wild and cultivated) 
67. Macrosiphum dirhodum (Walker) 
76. Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) 
159. Myzaphis rosarum (Walker) 
103. Myzus nervatum Gillette 
Rose, see Rosa 
Rose mallow, see Hibiscus 
Rubus (blackberry, loganberry, thimbleberry ) 
143. Aphis rubiphila Patch 
57. Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.) 
95. Nectarosiphon rubicola (Oestlund) 
Rumex (dock, sorrell) 
121. Aphis euwonomi Fabr. (rumicis Linn.) 
123. Aphis gossypu Glover 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
164. Pemphigus betae Doane (?) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Rye, Wild, see Elymus 
Sagebrush, see Artemisia 
Sage, Black, see Ramona 
Salix (willow) 
144. Aphis salicicola Thomas 
146. Aphis senecio Swain 
29. Arctaphis viminalis (Monell) 
31. Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig 
64. Macrosiphum californicum (Clarke) 
30. Micrella monella Essig 
182. Phylloxerina salicola (Pergande) 
40. Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed) 


University 


41, 
42, 
155. 
38. 
39. 
32. 
34. 
os 
44, 
Sambucus 
145; 
81. 
104. 


of California Publications in Entomology [V0.3 


Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch) 
Pterocomma smithiae (Monell) 
Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 
Symydobius macrostachyae Essig 
Symydobius salicicorticis Essig 
Thomasia crucis Essig 
Thomasia populicola (Thomas) 
Thomasia salicola (Essig) 
Tuberolachnus viminalis (Fonse.) 
(elderberry ) 

Aphis sambucifoliae Fitch 
Macrosiphum stanleyi Wilson 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Sanicula (gambleweed ) 


119: 
104. 


Aphis cornifoliae Fitch 


Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Scrophularia (figwort) 


99. Phorodon scrophulariae Thamos 
Senecio (German ivy, ivy senecio) 


144, 
88. 
104, 


Aphis senecio Swain 
Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Lhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Shepherd’s-purse, see Capsella 
Silybum (milk thistle) 


121. 
130. 


Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Aphis marutae Oestlund 


Sisymbrium (hedge mustard) 


88. 


Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 


Smilax, see Asparagus 
Snowball, see Virburnum 
Snowberry, see Symphoricarpos 
Solanum (potato, nightshade ) 


56. 
79. 
88. 

102. 

104. 

163. 


Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Myzus circumflezus (Buckton) 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Trifidaphis radicicola (Essig) 


Sonchus (sow thistle) 


79. 

80. 

102. 

104. 
Sorghum 

129, 


Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
Macrosiphum sonchella (Monell) 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.) 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Aphis maidis Fitch 


Sorrell, see Rumex 
Sow thistle, see Sonchus 
Spinacia (spinach). 


123. 
104. 


Aphis gossypw Glover 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 


Spirea (spirea) 


148. 


Aphis spiraecola Patch 


1919 ] Swain: A: Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 175 


Spruce, see Picea 
Squash, see Cucurbita 
Stachys (hedge nettle) 

73. Macrosiphum ludovicianae (Oestlund) 

88. Myzus circumflexzus (Buckton) 
Stock, Ten-week, see Matthiola 
Strawberry, see Fragaria 
Strawberry tree, see Arbutus 
‘Sugar beet, see Beta 
Sunflower, see Helianthus 
Sweet clover, see Melilotus 
Sweet pea, see Lathyrus 
Sycamore, Western, see Platanus 
Symphoricarpos (snowberry ) 

108. Aphis albipes Oestlund 
Syringa (lilac) 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Tacalote, see Centaurea 
Taraxacum (dandelion) 

82. Macrosiphum tarazici (Kalt.) 
Tarweed, see Madia and Hemizonia 
Teasel, Fuller’s, see Dipsacus 
Teasel, mustard, see Hrysimum 
Thimbleberry, see Rubus 
Thistle, see Cirsiwm 
Thistle, Milk, see Silybum 
Thistle, Sow, see Sonchus 
Thuja (arbor vitae) 

54. Lachnus tujafilinus (Del Guercio) 
Tilia (linden, basswood) 

10. Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.) 
Tomato, see Lycopersicum 
Trifolium (clover) 

146a. Aphis bakeri Cowen 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Trigonella (fenugreek) 

69. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Triticum (wheat) 

111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 

64. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
Tropaeolum (nasturtium) 

121. Aphis euonom Fabr. 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Tule, California, see Typha 
Tulip, see Tulipa 
Tulip tree, see Liriodendron 
Tulipa (tulip) 
83. Macrosiphum tulipae (Monell) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Turnip, see Brassica 


University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


Typha (California tule) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
153. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.) 
68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby) 
156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.) 
Ulmus (elm) 
28. Arctaphis populifolti (Essig) (?) 
172. Colopha ulmicola (Fitch) 
173. Hriosoma americana (Riley) 
175. Eriosoma languinosa Hartig (pyricola B. & D.) 
174. Hriosoma lanigerum (Hausman) 
79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead) 
22. Myzocallis ulmifolit (Monell) 
Umbellularia (California laurel) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
157. Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.) 
Urtica (stinging nettle) 
121. Aphis euonomi Fabr. 
Valerian, Red, see Centranthus 
Valeriana 
84. Macrosiphum valerianae (Clarke) 
Vernonia (ironweed ) 
123. Aphis gossypii Glover 
Vetch, see Vicia 
Viburnum (lauristinus, snowball) 
121. Aphis ewonomi Fabr. 
139. Aphis pomi De Geer 
150. Aphis viburnicolens n.sp. 
Vicia (horse bean, vetch) 
121. Aphis ewonomi Fabr. (fabae Scop.) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
Vigna (blackeye bean, cowpea) 
131. Aphis medicaginis Koch 
Vineca (periwinkle) 
56. Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson 
88. Myzus circumflexzus (Buckton) 
104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.) 
Viola (pansy, violet) 
58. Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis 
74. Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
106. Rhopalosiphum violae Pergande 
Vitis (grape) 
180. Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch) 
Wallflower, see Cheiranthus 
Wallflower, Western, see Hrysimum 
Walnut, see Juglans 
Water hemlock, see Cicuta 
Watermelon, see Citrullus 
Water plantain, see Alisma 


1919] 


Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 


Wheat, see Triticum 
Willow, see Salix 
Yarrow, see Achillea 
Yucca (yucca) 
151. Aphis yuccae Cowen 
Zantedeschia (calla) 
88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton) 
Zea (corn) 
111. Aphis avenae Fabr. 
128. Aphis maidis Fitch 
Zizia 
155. Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.) 


LV 


178 University of California Publications in Entomology ([Vou.3 


ADDENDA 


Since the preparation of this manuscript there have appeared a few papers? 
in which there are some new records for certain of the California Aphididae 
and in which there are notes concerning the synonymy of some of the species. 
These records are noted here and are listed in the Host Plant Index (appendix 2). 


2. Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.) on Fagus tricolor, Oakland (Essig, p. 321). 

7. Huceraphis betulae (Koch) on Betula populifolia laciniata and B. papy- 
rifera (Essig, pp. 322-323). 

10. Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.) on Tilia tomentosa, Berkeley (Hssig, p. 323). 
Baker places this species in the genus Myzocallis, for although it is quite distinct 
from the type of Myzocallis, various species form definite connections leading to 
this one. 

15. Myzocallis castanicola Baker (Baker, p. 424). This name has been sug- 
gested by Baker to replace M. castaneae (Buckton) (preoccupied by castaneae 
(Fitch)). Therefore the name suggested by the author, M. davidsoni Swain, 
must be dropped. Essig (p. 323) lists M. castaneae (Fitch), but he refers to this 
species. 

19. Myzocallis californicus Baker (Baker, pp. 421-422). This is the same 
species as described by the author under the name, Myzocallis maurert Swain, 
which name will have to be dropped, and replaced by M. californicus Baker. 

53a. Lachnus tomentosus (De Geer), on Pinus radiata, Berkeley (Gillette, 
pp. 140-141). This species is very similar to L. pini-radiatae Davidson, accord- 
ing to Gillette. The author finds on looking over his specimens that some of them 
labeled L. pini-radiatae Dvdn. are this species, particularly those taken on the 
campus at Berkeley. 

56. Amphorophora latysiphon Davidson, on Chrysanthemum and Primula sp., 
Berkeley (Hssig, p. 329). 

68. Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby), on Alopecurus pratensis, Ampelodesma 
tenaz, and Elymus sp., Martinez (Essig, p. 328). 

76. Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.) on Dipsacus fullonum and Centranthus ruber, 
Berkeley (Essig, p. 329). 

79. Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead), on Achillea millefolium and ‘Pitto- 
sporum tobira, Berkeley, and on Ulmus americanus, San Francisco (Essig, p. 329). 

88. Myzus circumflexus (Buckton), on Liliwm spp., Pentstemon spectabilis, 
and Umbellularia californica, Berkeley (Essig, p. 335). 

102. Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.). Dobrovliansky lists this as a synonym 
of R. ribis (Buckton), giving the latter name preference. 


36 Baker, A. C.. Eastern aphids, new and little known, II, Jour. Econ. Ent., 
vol. 10, pp. 421-433, 1917. 

Baker, A. C., The correct name for our apple-grain aphis, Science, vol. 46, 
pp. 410-411, 1917. 

Davidson, W. M., The reddish-brown plum aphis, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 10, 
pp. 350-353, 1917. 

Dobrovliansky, V. V., A list of aphids found on cultivated plants in the gov- 
ernment of Kharkov, in Pests of Agriculture, Kharkov, Bull. 1916; reviewed in 
Rey. Appl. Ent., vol. 5, pp. 561-562, 1917. 

Essig, E. O., Aphididae of California, Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., vol. 1, pp. 
301-346, 1917. 

Gillette, C. P., Some Colorado species of the genus Lachnus, Ent. Soc. Am., 
vol. 10, pp. 133-146, 1917. 

Van der Goot, P., Zur Kenntnis der Blattlause Java’s, in Contrib. a 1A fauna 
der Indes neerlandaises, vol. 1, pp. 1-301, 1916. 


1919 | Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 179 


104. Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulzer), on Baccharis douglasii, Centranthus 
ruber, Clarkia elegans, Dipsacus fullonum, Escallonia pulverulenta, Helianthus 
annuus, Lavatera assurgentifiora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Melianthus major, 
Pentstemon spectabilis, Pittosporum spp., and Umbellularia californica, Berkeley 
(Essig, pp. 331-332). 

111. Aphis avenae Iabr. It would appear from a study of Baker’s paper in 
Science that the common California species is Aphis prunifoliae Fitch. It is 
certain that it is distinct from A. cerasifoliae Fitch, which has been taken here 
once and is described in this paper. If it is possible, as Baker says, that A. 
cerasifoliae Fitch is a synonym of A. padi Linn., then our common species must 
be known as A. prunifoliae Fitch. From the brief description of Aphis (Siphon- 
aphis) padi Linn. given by Van der Goot (pp. 71-72) it would appear that our 
species may be distinct, differing slightly in the comparative lengths of the 
cornicles and cauda. Consequently the author favors accepting the name, Aphis 
prunifoliae Fitch, for this species. 

123. Aphis gossypii Glover, on Asclepias speciosa, A. vestita, Lilium speciosum 
rubrum, Lonicera sp., and Rhamnus purshiana, Berkeley and Oakland (Essig, 
pp. 338-339). 

131. Aphis medicaginis Koch, on Citrus sp., Sacramento, and on Vigna sin- 
ensis, Moorpark (Essig, p. 340). 

139. Aphis pomi De Geer, on Cotoneaster franchetti, Pittosporum eugenioides, 
and Viburnum tinus, Berkeley (Essig, p. 341). The author is inclined to believe 
this to be Aphis viburnicolens n.sp. (see no. 150) which is quite similar to Aphis 
pomi De Geer, but which is common on Viburnum and related. plants. He has not, 
however, seen Essig’s specimens, so can not state positively whether or not it is 
this species. 

140. Aphis prunorum Dobr. Dobrovliansky places this species as a synonym 
of Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.). This author noted the similarity of these 
two, but was not certain of their identity, so listed them as distinct species. 

141. Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis. Dobrovliansky believes this to be a syno- 
nym of Aphis erysimi Kalt. 

146. Aphis senecio Swain. Essig (p. 337) lists Aphis bakeri Cowen from 
Trifolium pratense. This proves to be the true Aphis bakeri Cowen and not 
A, senecio Swain, which is the species that has been hitherto called A. bakeri 
Cowen in California. 

152. Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc.) on Camellia japonica, Oakland (Essig, p. 
330). 

153. Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.). Both Dobrovliansky and Van der Goot 
list this as a synonym of H. pruni (Fabr.) giving the later preference. Accord- 
ing to Hunter, arundinis should have priority, but it is entirely possible that the 
dates he gives are incorrect. This point the author is unable to settle as he has 
not access to Fabricius’ works. 

156. Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.). Davidson gives a brief account of the 
habits and biology of this species, as well as a description of the various forms. 

175. Eriosoma languinosa Hartig (pyricola Baker and Davidson). The 
species listed by Essig (p. 345) as Hriosoma sp. on Ulmus campestris in Berkeley 
and in Hayward is this species. 

115. Aphis cari Essig. Davidson recently remarked to the author that he 
could see no difference between this species and Aphis helianthii Monell. It is 
quite possible that these are synonyms. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig, 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


> 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


5 


Fig. 
Fig. 


SO OOS eS a a eee ee 


as 
Lap ee 


12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
Lae 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 
PLATE 1 


Myzocallis asclepiadis (Fitch), tarsus and claw. 

Aphis senecio Swain, tarsus and claw. 

Essigella californica (Essig), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Aphis senecio Swain, sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Essigella californica (Essig), cauda and anal plate (lateral view). 
Aphis senecio Swain, cauda and anal plate (lateral view). 
Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), cauda and anal plate. 

Thomasia populicola (Thos.), cauda and anal plate. 
Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.), third antennal segment. 

Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.), sixth antennal segment. 

Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.), cauad and anal plate. 

Phyllaphis fagi (Linn.), front of head and antennal tubercles. 
Phyllaphis coweni (Ckll.), Antenna. 

Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, third antennal segment. 
Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, fourth antennal segment. 
Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, fifth antennal segment. 
Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, sixth antennal segment. 
Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, forewing. 

Phyllaphis quercicola Baker, cauda and anal plate. 

Phyllaphis querct, tarsal claw. 

Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.), antennal tubercles. . 


[180] 


UNIVeGALIFs PUBL ENTOMOL:-VOL.-S [ SWAIN] PLATE 1 


oe 





Abe 4 j 
at ae 
20 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


23. 
24, 
25. 
26. 
O7. 
books 
g. 29. 


Reve 
. 82. 
. 33. 
ig. 34. 
. 35. 
ig. 36. 
A oT, 
. 38. 
39. 
40. 


PLATE 2 


Myzocallis arundicolens (Clarke), antennal tubercles. 
Drepanaphis acerifolu (Thomas), cornicle. 

Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.), cornicle. 

Monellia caryella (Fitch), cornicle. 

Myzocallis bellus (Walsh), cornicle. 

Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch), antennal tubercles. 

Calaphis betulella Walsh, antennal tubercles. 

Euceraphis betulae (Koch), antennal tubercles. 

Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Myzocallis quercus (Kalt.), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Myzocallis quercus (Kalt.), cornicle. 

Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), cornicle. 

Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.), cornicle. 

Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.), third antennal noghiens 
Drepanaphis acerifolii (Thomas), third antennal segment. 
Calaphis betulae-colens (Fitch), third antennal segment. 
Euceraphis gillettei Dvdn., base of third antennal segment. 
Euceraphis betulae (Koch), base of third antennal segment. 


[182] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 2 


f eie/ 
22 . 
24 Vv 
| a 
29 


IMT r= 
Sip 
é i znesee 








Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. : 
Maire 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


. 41. 
42. 
43. 
44, 
aaeeO; 
46. 


PLATE 3 


Eucallipterus flava (Dvdn.), base of third antennal segment. 
Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), third antennal segment. 


Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 


corylt (Goetze), third antennal segment. 

corylt (Goetze), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
bellus (Walsh), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
bellus (Walsh), third antennal segment. 

alnifoliae (Fitch), third antennal segment. 
arundicolens (Clarke), third antennal segment. 


Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), cornicle. 
Eucallipterus tiliae (Linn.), anal plate. 


Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocatlis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Callipterus 
Callipterus 
Callipterus 


arundicolens (Clarke), cornicle. 

arundicolens (Clarke), anal plate. 

coryli (Goetze), cornicle. 

coryli (Goetze), anal plate. 

californicus Baker, third antennal segment. 
californicus Baker, sixth antennal segment and spur. 
pasaniae Dvydn., third antennal segment. 

quercus (Kalt.), third antennal segment. 

ulmifolti (Monell), third antennal segment. 
castanicola Baker, third antennal segment. 
castanicola Baker, cauda and anal plate. 

castanicola Baker, cornicle. 

californicus (Essig), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
californicus (Essig), third antennal segment. 

caryae Monell, third antennal segment. 


[184] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL, VOL. 3 [ SWAIN] PLATE 3 


ate Set or aia memoenes 
43 
4} 


44 












waa SAG 





: ESS 


49 


a Ce ay ch 


55 





56 





OT 


6 © oa 9 ee a 
58 
, 59 


wo 1 9 PF 





ST ta 
63 WG easy tai ca 
a, See 


65 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig: 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
(a's 
(he 
73. 
74. 
75. 
76. 
RI Me 
78. 
(hs 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 


PLATE 4 


Callipterus caryae Monell, sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Monellia caryella (Fitch), sixth antennal segment and spur. 
Monellia caryella (Fitch), third antennal segment. 
Arctaphis populifolu. (Essig), cauda. 

Micrella monella Essig, cauda. 

Arctaphis populifolii (Essig), third antennal segment. 
Micrella monella Essig, third antennal segment. 

Symydobius macrostachyae Essig, third antennal segment. 
Symydobius salicicorticis Essig, third antennal segment. 
Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig, third antennal segment. 
Thomasia crucis Essig, third antennal segment. 

Thomasia populicola (Thomas), third antennal segment. 
Thomasia salicicola (Essig), third antennal segment. 
Lachnus ferrisi Swain, tarsal claw. 

Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch), tarsal claw. 

Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed), cornicle. 

Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch), cornicle. 

Essigella californica (Essig), antenna. 

Longistigma sp., front wing. 


[186] 


UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL, VOL. 3 


Sere sae ee 


Ue 


[SWAIN] PLATE 4 








. 8d. 
2 90, 
be ob 
. 88. 
se. 
. 90. 
+ 91. 
pe O2: 
103. 
. 94, 
EOD, 
ig. 96. 
Be oce 
o098: 
egy. 
. 100. Lachnus 
. 101. Lachnus 


Lachnus 


Pin hieo 


sp., front wing. 


Tuberolachnus viminalis (Fonse.), hind tarsus. 
Eulachnus rileyt Davis, hind tarsus. 


Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 
Lachnus 


vanduzei n.sp., third antennal segment. 

ferrisi Swain, first, second, and third antennal segments. 
ferrist Swain, fourth, fifth, and sixth antennal segments. 
ferrist Swain, cornicle. 

pseudotsugae Wilson, tip of front wing. 

tujafilinus (Del Guercio), tip of front wing. 

occidentalis Dvdn., third antennal segment. 

pint-radiatae Dvdn. (?), third antennal segment. 

glehnus Essig, third antennal segment. 

glehnus Essig, cornicle. 

pseudotsugae Wilson, third antennal segment. 

taxifolia Swain, hind tarsus. 

taxifolia Swain, fourth, fifth and sixth antennal segments. 
taxifolia Swain, first, second, and third antennal segments. 


[188] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE & 





eh | é 





Ol 18) 


eaLU2: 
Ld. 
. 104. 
. 105. 
LOG, 
+ 107. 
LOS. 
7 LOO. 
salah}: 
Ee 
Re hy. 
Pb W ka 
Rat Me: © 
ae isy 
vs L10: 


PLATE 6 


Lachnus taxifolia Swain, wing. 

Lachnus taxifolia Swain, cornicle of apterous female. 
Lachnus ponderosa Williams, third antennal segment. 

Lachnus tujafilinus (Del Guercio), third antennal segment. 
Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.), antennal tubercles. 
Nectaro-siphon rubicola (Oest.), antennal tubercles. 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.), antennal tubercles. 
Nectarosiphon rubicola (Oest.), cornicle. 

Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis, wing. 

Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), antennal tubercles. 

Myzus cerasi (Fabr.), antennal tubercles. 

Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), cornicle. 

Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc.), cornicle. 

Phorodon humuli (Schr.), antennal tubercles of alate females. 
Phorodon humuli (Schr.), antennal tubercles of apterous females. 


[190] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 6 





10% 
iu? 


Wi2 





110 


13 | 
115 116 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


real Bf 
AN Bee 
set 19% 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124, 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
. 130. 
131: 
132. 
133. 
. 134, 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 


PLATE 7 


Phorodon humuli Schr., cornicle. 
Phorodon humult Schr., cauda. 
Khopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.), cornicle. 
Rhopalosiphum pesicae (Sulz.), cauda. 


Myzus cerasi 
Myzus cerasi 
Nectarosiphon 
Nectarosiphon 
Nectarosiphon 
Nectarosiphon 
Nectarosiphon 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 


(Fabr.), cornicle. 

(Fabr.), cauda. 

rubicola (Oest.), cauda. 

morrisont Swain, antennal tubercles. 
morrisont Swain, third antennal segment. 
morrisont Swain, cauda. 

morrisont Swain, cornicle. 
stanleyit Wilson, cornicle. 

solanifolit (Ashm.) (from Sonchus), cornicle. 
pist (Kalt.), cornicle. 

californicum (Clarke), third antennal segment. 
californicum (Clarke), cornicle. 

cucurbitae (Thomas), third antennal segment. 
cucurbitae (Thomas), cornicle. 
granarium (Kirby), third antennal segment. 
ludovicianae (Oest.), third antennal segment. 
solanifolit (Ashm.), cornicle. 

solanifolii (Ashm.), third antennal segment. 


[192] 


UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 7 











° 
oO 
re) 
ce) 
0 
¢, 
(e) 134 
§ O 
oer Aor ee 
132 hia? 
et 
Ce ae ey Ory FO eU ° 
%°o ee Geo a8 Oy ip #0. BAG} O 





lair 


° 
133 See we oO Gy OG OO. OU OO 


Fig. 139. 
Fig. 140. 


segment. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
segment. 


Fig. 160. 


141. 
Fig. 142. 
Fig. 143. 
Fig. 144. 
Fig. 145. 
ig. 146. 
Fig. 147. 
148. 
Fig.’ 149. 
150. 
Fig. 151. 
ig. 152. 
Fig. 153. 
Fig. 154. 
155. 
156. 
Migsc 157. 
ig. 158. 
159. 


Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 


Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 
Macrosiphum 


Macrosiphum 


PLATE 8 


solanifolit (Ashm.) (from Citrus), cornicle. 
solanifolii (Ashm.) (from Citrus), third antennal 


sanborni Gillette, cornicle of apterous female. 
artemisiae (Fonsc.), cornicle. 

albifrons Essig, third antennal segment. 
albifrons Essig, cornicle. 

artemisiae (Fonse.), third antennal segment. 
artemisicola (Williams), third antenal segment. 
artemisicola (Williams), cornicle. 

granarium (Kirby), cornicle. 

ludovicianae (Oest.), cornicle. 

pist (Kalt.), third antennal segment. 

rosae (Linn.), third antennal segment. 

rosae (Linn.), cornicle. 

rudbeckiae (Fitch), cornicle. 

rudbeckiae (Fitch), third antennal segment. 
sanborni Gillette, cauda apterous female. 
dirhodum (Walker), cornicle. 

dirhodum (Walker), third antennal segment. 
stanleyi Wilson, third antennal segment. 
solanifolit (Ashm.) (from Souchus), third antennal 


solanifolii (Ashm.) (from Sonchus), cauda. 


[194] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 8 





148 


oo 
APRs Sse 


150 





Weve) 





9 
ches Oo © 


57, 








Fig. 
Fig. 


5 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


5 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
segment. 
Lt; 
nl Wa 


ig. 186. 


161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
LOG: 


UPA 
TS 
m7 4: 
Lalas 
TG: 
sling 
17S: 
g. 179. 
g. 180. 
5 eH 
182: 
. 183. 
. 184. 
. 185. 


PEATE? 


Amphorophora latysiphon Dvdn., cornicle. 

Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), cauda. 

Toxoptera aurantit (Fonse.), third antennal segment. 
Lhopalosiphum violae Pergande, wing. 

Rhopalosiphum hippophaes Koch, cornicle. 

Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette (from Arbutus), wing. 
Khopalosiphum corylinum Dvydn., third antennal segment. 
Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulz.), third antennal segment. 
Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette (from Arbutus), third antennal 


Rhopalosiphum hippophaes Koch, third antennal segment. 
Rhopalosiphum nervatum Gillette (from rose), third antennal seg- 


Siphocoryne nymphaeae (Linn.), third antennal segment. 
Rhopalosiphum rhois Monell, third antennal segment. 
Rhopalosiphum violae Pergande, third antennal segment. 
Myzus circumflexus (Buckton), third antennal segment. 
Myzus braggit Gillette, third antennal segment. 

Myzus fragaefolit Ckll., third antennal segment. 

Myzus rhamni (Fonse.), third antennal segment. 

Myzus cerast (Fabr.), third antennal segment. 

Myzus ribis (Linn.), third antennal segment. 

Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.), cornicle. 

Aphis euonom Fabr., cornicle. 

Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.), cornicle. 

Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.), conricle. 

Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.), third and fourth antennal seg- 


Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr.), cauda. 


[196] 


UNIV; CALIF.“PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. ‘3 [SWAIN] PLATE 9 


CL eee 






rea 
161 165 
(eo) 
162 ‘ z 
0 
o 
9 
re) 
00 0 
§ 
ie} 
(e) 0 
to) 
0 
fo) Q 
° 
3) 
170 
16% i) 








O FP QO00PD 900 OO Ge 





Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


5S 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig 


5° 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
. 224, 


187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
Loe 
192. 
193. 
194, 
195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199; 
200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 
205. 
206. 
207. 
208. 
209. 
210. 
211. 
212. 
a Ales 
214. 
215. 
216. 
ig. 217. 
218. 
219. 
220. 
221. 
222. 


Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 


PLATE 10 


euonomt Fabr., wing. 

salicicola Thomas, wing. 

medicaginis Koch, third and fourth antennal segments. 
euonomi Fabr. (?), third and fourth antennal segments. 
avenae Fabr., wing. 

gossypt Glover, cornicle. 

gossypti Glover, cauda. 

sambucifoliae Fitch, cauda. 

sambucifoliae Fitch, cornicle. 


Myzaphis abietina (Walker), third and fourth antennal segments. 
Myzaphis abietina (Walker), cornicle. 


Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 


albipes Oest., cornicle. 

albipes Oest., cauda. 

albipes Oest., third and fourth antennal segments. 
avenae Fabr., cornicle. 

avenae Fabr., third and fourth antennal segments. 
brassicae Linn., cornicle. 

brassicae Linn., third and fourth antennal segments. 
euonomi Fabr., cornicle. 

euonomt Fabr., cornicle. 

euonomi Fabr., third and fourth antennal segments. 
cardut Linn., third and fourth antennal segments. 
cardwi Linn., cornicle. 

ceanothi Clarke, cornicle. 

ceanotht Clarke, third and fourth antennal segments. 
cookw Essig, third and fourth antennal segments. 
cooku Essig, cauda and anal plate. 

cookit Essig, cornicle. 

gossypii Glover, third and fourth antennal segments. 
maidis Fitch, cauda. 

maidis Fitch, antenna. 

maidis Fitch, cornicle. 

middletonit Thomas, cornicle. 

middletonit Thomas, third and fourth antennal segments. 
nertt Fonse., cornicle. 

nerit Fonse., third and fourth antennal segments. 
persicae-niger Smith, cornicle. 

persicae-niger Smith, third and fourth antennal segments. 


[198] 


UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 10 


Boe 2 Ol or aes 
=e 192 
Pap ee O28 ied ae a ae 








19! 





OOo S or O 

Riga cout. gent Or ogee pepe NE aol 

204 205 

206 sor poe oo0s wo O° Po 


© O05 090 9%" same S55) \ Se Naaman: | 
209 


* AOun Q10 





09 OO 2° O70 0 276 
211 


212 





Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


5 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


5S 


Fig. 
Fig. 


can) 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


ments. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


225. 
226. 
227. 
228. 
229. 
230. 
231. 
232. 
233. 
234. 
235. 


253. 
254. 


and spur. 


Fig. 
females. 
Fig. 


255. 


256. 


PLATE 11 


Aphis pomi De Geer, cauda. 

Aphis pomt De Geer, antennae. 

Aphis pomi De Geer, cornicle. 

Aphis prunorum Dobr., cauda. 

Aphis prunorum Dobr., third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis prunorum Dobr., cornicle. 

Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis, third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis ramona Swain, antenna. 

Aphis ramona Swain, front of head. 

Aphis ramona Swain, cauda and anal plate. 

Aphis ramona Swain, cornicle. 

Aphis euonomi Fabr., cornicle. 

Aphis euonomi Fabr., third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis salicicola Thomas, cornicle. 

Aphis salicicola Thomas, third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis sambucifoliae Fitch, third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis senecio Swain, cauda. 

Aphis senecio Swain, cornicle. 

Aphis senecio Swain, front of head. 

Aphis senecio Swain, third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis senecio Swain, fifth, sixth antennal segments, and spur. 
Aphis setarae Thomas, cornicle. 

Aphis setarae Thomas, third and fourth antennal segments. 
Aphis malifoliae Fitch, cornicle 

Aphis malifoliae Fitch, fourth antennal segment. 

Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.), front of head. 

Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.), third and fourth antennal seg- 


Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.), third and fourth antennal segments. 
Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.), fifth and sixth antennal segments 


Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.), cauda and supra-caudal spine of alate 


Siphocoryne capreae (Fabr.), cauda and supra-caudal spine of 


apterous females. 


Fig. 


ments. 


Fig. 


257. 


258. 


and spur. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


259. 
260. 
261. 


Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.), third and fourth antennal seg- 
Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.), fifth and sixth antennal segments 
Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.), cauda of apterous female. 


Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.), cauda of alate female. 
Siphocoryne pastinacae (Linn.), cornicle. 


[200] 


UNIV, CALIF. PUBL..ENTOMOL., VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 11 


= va Ef 
226 


¥ ea) 








Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


262. 
263. 
264. 
. 265. 
266. 
267. 
268. 


Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 


Myzocallis 


Myzocallis 
Myzocallis 


PLATE 12 


discolor (Monell), fore wing. 

discolor (Monell), third antennal segment. 
bellus (Walsh), fore wing. 

bellus (Walsh), third antennal segment. 
californicus Baker (maurert Swain), fore wing. 
castanicola Baker (davidsoni Swain), fore wing. 
arundinariae Essig, third antennal segment. 


[202] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 ; [SWAIN] PLATE 12 





265 








ie, 





Qo 


268 


209, 
Brae 
a atd. 
eer 2 
eratpay. 
. 274, 
Sarl iy 


Symydobius 
Symydobius 
Symydobius 
Symydobius 


‘ Symydobius 


Symydobius 


PLATE 13 


chrysolepis Swain, head. 
chrysolepis Swain, cornicle. 
chrysolepis Swain, anal plate. 
chrysolepis Swain, antenna. 
chrysolepis Swain, fore wing. 
chrysolepis Swain, hind wing. 


Thomasia populicola (Thomas), fore wing. 


[204] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 13 


ee) 
| aula! 





R74 





275 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


276. 
277. 
278. 
279. 
280. 


ments, alate. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


f=} 


Fig. 


281. 
282. 
283. 
284. 
284a. 


PLATE 14 


Toxoptera aurantit (Fonse.), fore wing. 

Rhopalostphum lactucae (Kalt) head. 

Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), third antennal segment, aptera. 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), third antennal segment, alate. 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), fourth and fifth antennal seg- 


Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), sixth antennal segment, alate. 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), cornicle, alate. 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), cauda, alate. 

Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), cornicle, aptera. 
Rhopalosiphum lactucae (Kalt.), cauda, aptera. 


[206] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 14 


276 








CREM & 





254 





279 





Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


285. 
286. 
287. 
288. 
289. 
290. 
PALE 
292. 


Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 


PLATE 15 


viburnicolens n.sp., third antennal segment. 

viburnicolens un.sp., cornicle. 

viburnicolens n.sp., cauda. 

cerasifoliae (Fitch), head. 

cerasifoliae (Fitch), fifth and sixth antennal segments. 
cerasifoliae (Fitch), third and fourth antennal segments. 
cerasifoliae (Fitch), end of wing. 

cerasifoliae (Fitch), side of abdomen showing cauda, cor- 


nicle, and lateral tubercles on segments one, two, three, four, and seven. 


[208] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 





iC Gee 


290 


ag! 


[SWAIN] PLATE 15 





if 


2357 


RI2 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


293. 
294. 
295. 
296. 
PALE 
298. 
299. 
300. 


Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 


antennal segments. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


301. 
302. 
303. 
304. 
305. 


Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 
Aphis 


PLATE 16 


marutae Oest., head. 

marutae Oest., third and fourth antennal segments. 
marutae Oest., fifth and sixth antennal segments. 

marutae Oest., antenna, aptera. 

marutae Oest., end of abdomen, aptera. 

marutae Oest., cauda, alate. 

marutae Oest., cornicle, alate. 

neomexicana Ckll., var. pacifica Dvdn., third and fourth 


neomexicana Ckll. var. pacifica Dvdn., cornicle. 
neomexicana Ckll. var. pacifica Dvdn., cauda. 

yuccae Cowen, fourth, fifth, and sixth antennal segments. 
yuccae Cowen, third antennal segment. 

yuccae Cowen, tip of abdomen. 


[210] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN ] PLATE 16 


Lo ymno} 
ooo %ol Ts 2 


R94 


Be Ie, 
(Comin anes 


299 





COL00 0°00? 
Cc O-O ©) 


504 





305 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


306. 
307. 
308. 
309. 
310. 
= 
312. 
313. 
314, 
315. 
316. 
317. 


PLATE 17 


Myzus ribis (Linn.), head. 

Myzus cerasi (Fabr.), head. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), head, alate. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), third and fourth antennal segments. 
Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), fifth and sixth antennal segments. 
Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), tip of wing. 

Myzaphus rosarum (Walker), end of abdomen. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), head, aptera. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), antenna, aptera. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), cornicle, aptera. 

Myzaphis rosarum (Walker), cauda, aptera. 

Myzaphis rosarwm (Walker), hind tarsus, aptera. 


[212] 


UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. ENTOMOL. VOL. 3 [SWAIN] PLATE 17 


a 307 
306 


303 


311 


ieee it 
5 uae \ 
fe lee, ‘ 


ey 
2aaa zee 314 Me 





1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 215 


INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES 


A 


abietes, Lachnus, 47. 
abietina, Myzaphis (Aphis), 134. 
abietinus, Mindarus, 150. 
acerifolii, Drepanaphis (Siphono- 
phora, Macrosiphum), 18. 
achyrantes, Rhopalosiphum, 80. 
agrifoliae, Symydobius, 38. 
alamedensis, Aphis, 93. 
albifrons, Macrosiphum, 60. 
albipes, Aphis, 93. 
alu, Myzocallis, 21. 
alnifoliae, Callipterus, 20. 
alnifoliae Lachnus, 20. 
alnifoliae Myzoeallis, 22. 
alnifoliae Prociphilus (Pemphigus), 
146. 
ambrosiae, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora), 60. 
prio Eriosoma (Schizoneura), 
148, 
Amphorophora, 54. 
cicutae, 54. 
latysiphon, 54, 178. 
rubi, 54. 
rubicola, 77. 
angelicae, Aphis, 93. 
annulata, Callipterinella (Chaitopho- 
wus), 31. 
Aphis, 88. 
abietina, 134. 
alamedensis, 93. 
albipes, 93. 
angelicae, 93. 
artemisiae, 61. 
arundinis, 130. 
atriplicis, 93. 
aurantvi, 129. 
avenae, 94, 179. 
bakeri, 123, 124, 
bakeri, 6, 179. 
bellus, 24: 
berberidis, 130. 
betulaecolens, 18. 
brassicae, 95. 
calendulicola, 96. 
capreae, 132. 
cardui, 96. 
eari, 96, 179. 
caryella, 30. 
ceanothi, 96. 
ceanothi-hirsuti, 96. 
cerasi, 73. 
cerasifoliae, 97. 
citri, 105. 
cooki, 100. 
eornifoliae, 100. 
coryli, 25. 
crataegifoliae, 100. 


dirhodum, 63. 
dryophila, 150. 
euonomi, 101. 
fabae, 102, 104. 
fagi, 13. 

frigidae, 105. 
gossypti, 100. 
gossypii, 105, 179. 
granarium, 64, 
hederae, 106. 
heraclei, 107. 
houghtonensis, 107. 
humuli, 79. 
juglandis, 28. 
lactucae, 82. 
languinosa, 149. 
lanigerum, 149. 
lithospermi, 108. 
lutescens, 117. 
maidis, 94. 

maidis, 108. 

mali, 120. 
malifoliae, 108. 
marutae, 112. 
medicaginis, 114, 179. 
middletonii, 115. 
mori, 116. 
neomexicana, 116. 
nerii, 117. 
nymphaeae, 133. 
oenotherae, 118. 
oregonensis, 119. 
padi, 94. 
papaveris, 102, 104. 
pastinacae, 133. 
persicae, 85. 
persicae-niger, 119. 
pisi, 66. 
platanoides, 17. 
pomi, 120, 179. 
pomi, 109. 
populifoliae, 41. 
pruni, 96. 
prunorum, 121, 179. 
prunifoliae, 130, 179. 
pseudobrassicae, 122, 179. 
quercus, 27. 
ramona, 122. 
rhamni, 76. 

rosae, 67. 

rosarum, 134. 

rubi, 54. 

rubiphila, 122. 
rudbeckiae, 67. 
rufomaculata, 137. 
rumicis, 101, 106. 
salicicola, 123. 
sambucifoliae, 123. 
senecio, 123, 179. 
setariae, 124. ; 


216 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


sorbi, 108. 
spiraecola, 124. 
spiraeella, 125, 126. 
taraxici, 71. 
tetrapteralis, 125. 
tiliae, 21. 
viburnicolens, 126, 179. 
viminalis, 45. 
yuceae, 45. 
yuccicola, 128. 
aquilegiae, Myzus, 73. 
arbuti, Rhopalosiphum, 84. 
Aretaphis, 33. 
populifolii, 33. 
viminalis, 34. 
artemisicola, Macrosiphum~ (Siphono- 
phora), 61. 
artemisiae, Macrosiphum (Aphis), 61. 
arundicolens, Eucallipterus (Myzocal- 
lis), 24. 
arundicolens, Myzocallis (Callipterus), 
22. 


arundinariae, Myzocallis, 24. 
arundinis, Hyalopterus (Aphis), 130, 
179. 


atriplicis, Aphis, 93. 

aurantiae, Toxoptera, 129. 

aurantii, Toxoptera (Aphis), 129, 179. 

avenae, Aphis (Nectarophora, Sipho- 
coryne), 94, 179. 


B 


baccharadis, Macrosiphum (Nectaro- 
phora), 61. 

bakeri, Aphis, 123. 

bakeri, Aphis, 6, 179. 

balsamiferae, Pemphigus, 142. 

bellus, Myzocallis (Aphis, Callip- 
terus), 24. 

berberidis, Liosomaphis (Aphis, Eho- 
palosiphum), 130. 

betae, Pemphigus, 142. 

betulae, Chaitophorus, 31. 

betulae, Euceraphis (Callipterus), 19, 
178. 

betulaecolens, Calaphis (Aphis, Cal- 
lipterus), 18. 

braggii, Myzus, 73. 

brassicae, Aphis, 95. 

Byrsocrypta, 148. 

ulmicola, 148. 


C 


calendulicola, Aphis, 96. 
Calaphis, 18. 
betulaecolens, 18. 
castaneae, 24. 
ealifornica, Essigella (Lachnus), 44. 
californicum, Macrosiphum (WNectaro- 
phora), 62. 
ealifornicus, Callipterus (Monellia), 
29. 
ealifornicus Myzocallis, 178. 
ealifornicus Thecabius (Pemphigus), 
144, 


Callipterinella, 31. 

annulata, 31. 
Callipterus, 28. 

alnifoliae, 20. 

arundicolens, 22. 

bellus, 24. 

betulae, 19. 

betulaecolens, 18. 

californicus, 29. 

caryae, 29. 

caryella, 30. 

castaneae, 24. 

coryli, 25. 

discolor, 25. 

hyalinus, 26. 

juglandicola, 28. 

juglandis, 28. 

punctatus, 26. 

quercus, 27. 

tiliae, 21. 

ulmifolii, 27. 

viminalis, 34. 
capreae, Siphocoryne (Aphis), 132. 
cardui, Aphis, 96. 
carduinum, Phorodon, 73. 
eari, Aphis, 96, 179. 
earyae, Callipterus (Monellia), 29. 
earyella, Monellia (Aphis, Callip- 

terus), 30. 

castaneae, Calaphis (Callipterus), 24. 
castaneae, Myzocallis, 178. 
castanicola, Myzocallis, 178. 
ceanothi, Aphis, 96. 
ceanothi-hirsuti, Aphis, 96. 
cerasi, Myzus (Aphis), 73. 
cerasifoliae, Aphis, 97. 
Cerataphis, 140. 

lataniae, 140. 
Cerosipha, 137. 

cupressi, 137. 
Chaitophorus, 33. 

annulata, 31. 

betulae, 31. 

negundinis, 36. 

nigrae, 37. 

populicola, 36. 

populifoliae, 33. 

salicicola, 37. 

smithiae, 34. 

viminalis, 34. 
Chermes, 151. 

cooleyi, 151. 

cowemi, 151. 

pinicorticis, 152. 
Chromaphis, 28. 

juglandicola, 28. 
chrysanthemi, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 

phora), 62. 

chrysanthemi, Macrosiphum, 69. 
chrysolepis, Symydobius, 38. 
cicutae, Amphorophora, 54. 
circumflexus, Myzus (Siphonophora). 
citri, Aphis, 105. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 217 


citrifolti, Macrosiphum (Nectaro- 
phora), 69. 
Cladobius, 41. 
rufulus, 41. 
salicti, 43. 
Coccus, 140. 
lataniae, 140. 
pinicorticis, 152. 
Colopha, 148. 
ulmicola, 148. 
Coloradoa, 137. 
rufomaculata, 137. 
conti, Siphocoryne, 133. 
cooki, Aphis, 100. 
cooleyi, Chermes, 151. 
cornifoliae, Aphis, 100. 
coryli, Myzocallis (Aphis, Callip- 
terus), 25. 
corylinum, Rhopalosiphum, 81. 
coweni, Chermes, 151. 
coweni, Phyllaphis (Pemphigus), 13. 
erataegifolii, Aphis, 100. 
erucis, Thomasia, 36. 
Cryptosiphum, 13. 
tahoense, 13. 
cucurbitae, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora), 62. 
cupressi, Cerosipha, 137. 
eynosbati, Myzus (Nectarophora), 75. 


D 
davidsoni, Myzocallis, 24, 178. 
dentatus, Lachnus, 45. 
destructor, Macrosiphum, 66. 
dianthi, Rhopalosiphum, 85. 
dirhodum, Macrosiphum (Aphis), 63. 
discolor, Myzocallis (Callipterus), 25. 
Drepanaphis, 18. 
acerifolii, 18. 
Drepanosiphum, 17. 
acerifolii, 18. 
platanoides, 17. 
dryophila, Vacuna (Aphis, Chaito- 
phorus), 150. 


E 
Eichochaitophorus, 33. 
populifolii, 33. 
Eriosoma, 148. 
americana, 148. 
languinosa, 149, 179. 
lanigerum, 149. 
pyricola, 149. 
Essigella, 44. 
californica, 44. 
essigi, Myzocallis, 27. 
Eueallipterus, 20. 
arundicolens, 24. 
flava, 20. 
tiliae, 21, 178. 
Euceraphis, 19. 
betulae, 19, 178. 
flava, 2v. 
gillettei, 20. 
euonomi, Aphis, 101. 


F 
fagi, Phyllaphis, 13, 178. 
ferrisi, Lachnus, 47. 
flava, Eucallipterus (Huceraphis), 20. 
flocculosa, Pterocomma (Melanozan- 
thus), 40. 
foeniculi, Siphocoryne, 132. 
fragaefolii, Myzus, 75. 
frazini-dipetalae, Prociphilus (Pem- 
phigus), 146. 
frigidae, Aphis, 105. 
frigidae, Macrosiphum, 61. 
Fullawaya, 35. 
saliciradicis, 35, 


G 


galeopsidis, Phorodon, 81. 

gillettei, Euceraphis, 20. 

glehnus, Lachnus, 47. 

godetiae, Myzus, 85. 

gossypii, Aphis, 100. 

gossypii, Aphis, 105, 179. 

granarium, Macrosiphum (Aphis), 64, 
178. 


H 


hederae, Aphis, 106. 
heraclei, Aphis, 107. 
heucherae, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora), 64. 

hippophoaes, Rhopalosiphum, 81. 
houghtonensis, Aphis, 107. 
howardi, Rhopalosiphum, 86. 
humuli, Phorodon (Aphis), 79. 
Hyadaphis, 132. 

pastinacae, 132. 

umbellulariae, 133. 
hyalinus, Myzocallis (Callipterus), 26. 
Hyalopterus, 130. 

arundinis, 130, 179. 


I 


Idiopterus, 56. 
nephrelepidis, 56. 


J 


jasmini, Macrosiphum (WNectaro- 
phora), 64. 

juglandicola, Chromaphis (Lachnus, 
Callipterus), 28. 

juglandis, Callipterus (Aphis), 28. 

juniperi, Lachnus, 50. 


L 
Lachniella, 50. 
tujafilinus, 50. 
Lachnus, 45. 
abietis, 47. 
alnifoliae, 20, 22. 
californicus, 44. 
dentatus, 45. 
ferrisi, 47. 
glehnus, 47. 
juglandicola, 28. 
juniperi, 50. 


218 University of Califorma Publications in Entomology (VoL. 3 


occidentalis, 47. 
oregonensis, 48. 
pini-radiatae, 48, 178. 
ponderosa, 48. 
pseudotsugae, 48. 
sabinianus, 49. 
taxifolia, 50. 
tomentosus, 178. 
tujafilinus, 50. 
vanduzei, 50. 
viminalis, 45. 
lactucae, Macrosiphum (Nectaro- 
phora), 65. 
lactuca Rhopalosiphum (Aphis), 82. 
laevigatae, Macrosiphum, 62. 
languinosa, Eriosoma (Aphis), 149, 
179. 
langerum, Eriosoma (Aphis, Schizo- 
neura), 149. 
lataniae, Cerataphis (Coccus), 140. 
latysiphon, Amphorophora, 54, 178. 
Liosomaphis, 130. 
berberidis, 130. 
lithospermi, Aphis, 108. 
ludovicianae, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora), 69. 
lutescens, Aphis, 117. 
lycopersici, Myzus (Nectarophora), 
76. 


M 


Macrosiphum, 57. 
acerifolu, 18. 
albifrons, 60. 
ambrosiae, 60. 
artemisiae, 61. 
artemisicola, 61. 
baccharadis, 61. 
ealifornicum, 62, 
chrysanthemi, 62. 
chrysanthemi, 69. 
citrifolii, 69. 
cucurbitae, 62, 
destructor, 66. 
dirhodum, 63. 
frigidae,. 61. 
granarium, 64, 178. 
heucherae, 64. 
jasmini, 64. 
lactucae, 609. 
laevigatae, 62. 
ludovicianae, 65. 
orthocarpus, 66. 
pisi, 66. 
pteridis, 67. 
rosae, 67. 
rubicola, 77. 
rudbeckiae, 67. 
rudbeckiae var. madia, 68. 
sanborni, 69. 
solanifolii, 69, 178. 
sonchella, 70. 
sonchi, 60. 
stanleyi, 70. 


taraxicr, 71. 
tulipae, 71. 
valerianae, 71. 
macrostachyae, Symydobius, 38. 
madia, Macrosiphum (rudbeckiae), 68. 
maidis, Aphis, 84. 
maidis, Aphis, 108. 
mali, Aphis, 120. 
malifoliae, Aphis, 108. 
marutae, Aphis, 112. 
maureri, Myzocallis, 26, 178. 
medicaginis, Aphis, 114, 179. 
Melanoxantherium, 41. 
rufulum, 41. 
salicti, 43. 
Melanoxanthus, 40. 
flocculosa, 40. 
Micrella, 35. 
monella, 35. 
middletonii, Aphis, 115. 
Mindarus, 150. 
abietinus, 150. 
monella, Micrella, 35. 
Monellia, 29. 
californicus, 29. 
caryae, 29. 
earyella, 30. 
mori, Aphis, 116. 
morrisoni, Nectarosiphon, 78. 
Myzaphis, 134. 
abietina, 134. 
rosarum, 134. 
Myzoeallis, 21. 
alm, 21. 
alnifoliae, 22. — 
arundicolens, 22. 
arundicolens, 24. 
arundinariae, 24. 
bellus, 24. 
californicus, 178. 
castaneae, 178. 
castanicola, 178. 
coryli, 25. 
davidsoni, 24, 178. 
diseolor, 25. 
essigi, 27. 
hyalinus, 26, 
maureri, 26, 178. 
pasaniae, 26. 
punctatus, 26. 
quercus, 27. 
ulmifolii, 27. 
woodworthi, 27. 
Myzus, 71. 
aquelegiae, 73. 
braggu, 73. 
cerasi, 73. 
circumflexus, 74. 
eynosbati, 75. 
fragaefolii, 75. 
godetiae, 85. 
lycopersici, 76. 
persicae, 80, 85. 
rhamni, 76. 


1919] Swain: A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California 219 


ribes, 75, 
ribifolii, 76. 
rosarum, 134. 
varians, 77. 
vineae, 74. 


N 


Nectarophora 

avenae, 94. 

baccharadis, 61. 

californicum, 62. 

citrifolii, 69. 

cynosbati, 75. 

jasmini, 64. 

lactucae, 65. 

lycopersici, 76. 

pisi, 66. 

rhamni, 76. 

rosae, 67. 

sonchella, 70. 

valerianae, 71. 
Nectarosiphon, 77. 

morrisoni, 78. 

rubicola, 77. 
negundinis, Thomasia (Chaitophorus), 

36. 
neomexicana, Aphis, 116. 
nephrelepidis, Idiopterus, 56. 
nerii, Aphis, 117. 
nervatum, Rhopalosiphum, 84. 
nigrae, Chaitophorus, 37. 
nigronervosa, Pentalonia, 78. 
nymphaeae, Siphocoryne (Aphis, Rho- 
palosiphum), 133, 179. 


O 


- occidentalis, Lachnus, 47. 
oenotherae, Aphis, 118. 
oregonensis, Aphis, 119. 
oregonensis, Lachnus, 48. 
orthocarpus, Macrosiphum, 66. 


eR 
padi, Aphis, 94. 
panicola, Schizoneura, 150. 
pasaniae, Myzocallis, 26. 
pastinacae, Siphocoryne (Aphis, Hy- 
adaphis), 133. 
pastinacae, Hyadaphis, 132. 
Pemphigus, 141. 
alnifoliae, 146. 
balsamiferae, 142. 
betae, 142. 
californicus, 144. 
cowent, 13. 
fraxini-dipetalae, 146. 
populicaulis, 143. 
populiconduplifolius, 145. 
populimonilis, 145. 
populi-transversus, 1438. 
populi-transversus, 143. 
radicicola, 141. 
ranuncult, 144. 
venafuscus, 146. 


Pentalonia, 78. 
nigronervosa, 78. 
persicae, Rhopalosiphum (Aphis, 
Myzus), 179, 185. 
persicae-niger, Aphis, 119. 
Phorodon, 79. 
carduinum, 73. 
galeopsidis, 81. 
humuli, 79. 
scrophulariae, 80. 
Phyllaphis, 12. 
coweni, 13. 
fagi, 13, 178. 
querci, 15. 
quercicola, 15, 
Phylloxera, 152. 
popularia, 153. 
salicola, 153. 
vastatriz, 152. 
vitifoliae, 152. 
Phylloxerina, 153. 
popularia, 153, 
salicola, 153. 
pinicorticis, Chermes, 152. 
pini-radiatae, Lachnus, 48, 178. 
pisi, Macrosiphum (Aphis, Nectaro- 
phora), 66. 
platanoides, Drepanosiphum (Aphis), 
Lis 


pomi, Aphis, 109. 

pomi, Aphis, 120, 179. 

ponderosa, Lachnus, 48. 

popularia, Phylloxerina (Phylloxera), 
293. 


populea, Pterocomma, 41. 
populicaulis, Pemphigus, 143. 
populicola, Thomasia (Chaitophorus), 
36. 
populiconduplifolius, Thecabius (Pem- 
phigus), 145. 
populifoliae, Chaitophorus, 33. 
populifoliae, Pterocomma (Aphis), 41. 
populifolii, Aretaphis (Hichochaito- 
phorus), 33. 
populimonilis, Thecabius (Pemphi- 
gus.), 145. 
populi-transversus, Pemphigus, 143. 
populi-transversus, Pemphigus, 143. 
Prociphilus, 146. 
alnifoliae, 146. 
fraxvini-dipetalae, 146. 
venafuseus, 146. 
prum, Aphis, 96. 
prunifoliac, Aphis, 130, 179. 
prunorum, Aphis, 121, 179. 
pseudobrassicae, Aphis, 122, 179. 
pseudotsugae, Lachnus, 48. 
pteridis, Macrosiphum, 67. 
Pterocomma, 40. 
flocculosa, 40. 
populea, 41. 
populifoliae, 41. 
smithiae, 43. 


220 University of California Publications in Entomology (Vou. 3 


punctatus, Myzocallis (Callipterus), 
26. 
pyricola, Eriosoma, 149. 


Q 
querci, Phyllaphis, 15. 
querci, Schizoneura, 15. 
quercicola, Phyllaphis, 15. 
quereus, Myzocallis (Aphis, Callip- 
terus), 27. 


R 
radicicola, Trifidaphis (Pemphigus), 
141. 
ramona, Aphis, 122. 
ranunculi, Pemphigus, 144. 
rhamni, Aphis, 76. 
rhamni, Myzus (Nectarophora), 76. 
rhois, Rhopalosiphum, 86 
Rhopalosiphum, 80. 
achyrantis, 80. 
arbuti, 84. 
berberidis, 130. 
corylinum, 81. 
dianthi, 85. 
hippophoaes, 81. 
howardi, 86. 
lactucae, &2. 
nervatum, 84. 
nymphaeae, 1338. 
persicae, 85, 179. 
rhois, 86. 
tulipae, 85. 
violae, 86. 
ribifolii, Myzus, 76. 
ribes, Myzus, 75. 
rosae, Macrosiphum (Aphis, Nectaro- 
phora), 67. 
rosarum, Myzaphis (Aphis, Myzus), 
134. 
rubi, Amphorophora (Aphis), 54. 
rubicola, Nectarosiphum (Macro- 
siphum) (Amphorophora), 77. 
rubiphila, Aphis, 122. 
rudbeckiae, Macrosiphum (Aphis), 67. 
rudbeckiae var. madia, Macrosiphum, 
68. 
rufomaculata, Coloradoa (Aphis), 137. 
rufulum, Melanoxantherium, 41. 
rufulus, Cladobius, 41. 
rumicis, Aphis, 101. 


S 


sabinianus, Lachnus, 49. 

salicicola, Aphis, 123. 

salicicola, Thomasia (Chaitophorus), 
37. 

salicicorticis, Symydobius, 39. 

saliciradicis, Fullawaya, 35. 

salicis, Siphocoryne, 132. 

salicola, Phylloxerina (Phyllozera), 
153. 

salicti, Cladobius (Melanozan- 
therium), 43. 


sambucifoliae, Aphis, 123. 
sanborni, Macrosiphum, 69. 
Schizoneura, 148. 
americana, 148. 
lanigerum, 149. 
panicola, 150. 
querct, 15. 
scrophulariae, Phorodon, 80. 
senecio, Aphis, 123, 179. 
setariae, Aphis, 124. 
Siphocoryne, 131. 
avenae, 84. 
capreae, 132. 
cont, 133. 
foeniculi, 132. 
nymphaeae, 133, 179. 
pastinacae, 133. 
salicis, 132. 
xrylostei, 133. 
Siphonophora, 60. 
acerifoli, 18. 
ambrosiae, 60. 
artemisicola, 61. 
chrysanthemi, 62. 
circumflexus, 74. 
cucurbitae, 62. 
heucherae, 64. 
ludovicianae, 65. 
solanifolii, 69. 
sonchella, 70. 
tulipae, 71. 
smithiae, Pterocomma (Chaitophorus), 
43. 
solanifolii, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora), 69, 179. 
sonchella, Macrosiphum (Siphono- 
phora) (Nectarophora), 70. 
sonchi, Macrosiphum, 60. 
sorbi, Aphis, 108. 
spiraecola, Aphis, 124. 
spiraeella, Aphis, 125, 126. 
stanleyi, Macrosiphum, 70. 
Symydobius, 37. 
agrifoliae, 38. 
chrysolepis, 38. 
macrostachyae, 38. 
salicicorticis, 39. 


T 


tahoense, Cryptosiphum, 13. 
taraxici, Macrosiphum (Aphis), 71. 
taxifolia, Lachnus, 50. 
tetrapteralis, Aphis, 125. 
Theeabius, 144. 

californicus, 144. 

populiconduplifolius, 145. 

populimonilis, 145, 
Thomasia, 35. 

crucis, 36. 

negundinis, 36. 

populicola, 36. 

salicicola, 37. 

viminalis, 34. 


1919] 


tiliae, Eueallipterus (Aphis, Callip- 
terus), 21, 178. 
tomentosus, Lachnus, 178. 
Toxoptera, 129. 
aurantiae, 129. 
aurantii, 129, 179. 
Trifidaphis, 141. 
radicicola, 141. 
Tuberolachnus, 45. 
viminalis, 45. 
tujafilinus, Lachnus (Lachneilla), 50. 
tulipae, Macrosiphum (Siphonophora), 
{oe 
tulipae, Rhopalosiphum, 85. 


U 
ulmicola, Colopha (Brysocrypta), 148. 
ulmifolii, Myzocallis (Callipterus) , 27. 
umbellulariae, Hyadaphis, 133. 


Vv 
Vaecuna, 150. 
dryophila, 150. 
valerianae, Macrosiphum (Nectaro- 
phora), 71. 


Swain: A Synopsis of the 


Aphididae of Californa 221 


vanduzei, Lachnus, 50. 

varians, Myzus, 77. 

vastatrix, Phylloxera, 152. 

venafuscus, Prociphilus (Pemphigus), 
146. 

virburnicolens, Aphis, 126, 179. 

viminalis, Arctaphis (Callipterus, Chai- 
tophorus, Thomasia), 34. 

viminalis, Tuberolachnus (Lachnus) 
(Aphis), 45. 

vincae, Myzus, 74. 

violae, Rhopalosiphum, 86. 

vitifoliae, Phylloxera, 152. 


W 
woodworthi, Myzocallis, 27. 


x 


xrylostei, Siphocoryne, 133. 


Ms 


yuceae, Aphis, 128. 
yuccicola, Aphis, 128. 


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FROM THE STOMACH CONTENTS OF TOADS _ 


BY 


JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN” 


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Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 327-332, 16 figures in text July 25, 1925 





ON A COLLECTION OF PSEUDOSCORPIONS 
FROM THE STOMACH CONTENTS 


+ 
OF TOADS* Oe 
Spry, Jd 
eouay % TE > J. 
“OY j y met 
JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN Og 
by 
97 


Through the kindness of Dr. R. V. Chamberlin of the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology I have had the opportunity of examining an 
interesting collection of pseudoscorpions taken from the stomach con- 
tents of toads (Bufo) in various parts of the country. This collection 
was made by the U. S. Biological Survey at Washington in the course 
of their investigation on the food of toads. 


Hyarinus gen. nov. 
Orthotype.—H yarinus hesperus sp. nov. California. 


Diagnosis.—Obisioid genus in which the fourth femoral articulation 
is strongly oblique; first femoral articulation perpendicular and of sub- 
immobile type, the pars basalis comprising more than a third the total 
length of the femur, although distinctly shorter than pars tibialis; 
poison duct presumably of short type and present in fixed finger only ; 
flagellum of six slender, more or less pinnate blades; pleural mem- 
brane evenly plicate; T of movable finger apparently absent; cluster 
of 5 pseudotactile setae on dorsum of claw (fig. A) ; general chaetotaxy 
of claws as figured (fig. C) ; carapace rounded anteriorly and bearing 
two distinct pairs of eyes, anterior pair of which is about their own 
diameter from anterior margin, with second pair less than their own 
diameter from first pair; carapace and tergites undivided, smooth, 
and indistinctly tessellated ; appendages smooth and almost polished ; 
setae all completely simple; tergal and sternal setae weakly developed, 
apparently but 4 border setae to each tergite and sternite. 


* Paper No. 123, University of California, Graduate School of Tropical 
Agriculture and Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. 


328 Umversity of California Publications in Entomology [Vou.3 


Remarks—tThe affinities of this interesting genus are noted under 
the specific heading. So far as known the only species here referable 
at present is the orthotype. 


if 

{\ 4 Foot £ oy 

(A, cal nithe 
oe oe ee ee a es 





Figures A—P 


Hyarinus hesperus sp. nov. 2. Holotype. A, Dorsal aspect of left palpus. 
The areoles for the insertion of the five ‘‘pseudotactile setae’’ of the hand 
only are shown, the setae themselves being broken. 8B, Marginal teeth from 
near tip of movable finger. c, Interior aspect of right claw showing the 
chaetotaxy. D, Marginal teeth from near tip of fixed finger. 


Chernes peninsularis sp. nov. 9. Holotype. £, Ventral aspect of right palpus. 
F, Dorsal (vertical) aspect of movable finger, showing poison duct and accessory 
teeth. G, Interior aspect of left claw, showing chaetotaxy, marginal and 
accessory teeth sense spots and poison duct. 


Withius vagrans sp. nov. g. Holotype. H, Exterior aspect of right claw 
showing chaetotaxy, sense spots and poison ducts. 1, Seventh ventrite show- 
ing chaetotaxy and median cluster of microsetae. J, General aspect of male 
genitalia (ventral aspect). kK, Dorsal aspect of left palpus. 


Zaona biseriatum (Banks). 9 JC—532.02001. 4, Inner aspect of movable 
finger of left claw showing chaetotaxy and poison duct. M, Ventral (vertical) 
aspect of fixed finger of left claw showing chaetotaxy and marginal and 
accessory teeth. N, Ventral aspect of right palpus. o, Tergal seta. pP, Vulva of 
female. Seminal receptacles indicated by dotted lines. 


aX 1925 | Chamberlin: On a Collection of Pseudoscorpions 329 


Hyarinus hesperus sp. nov. 
Figures A, B, C, D 


Holotype.—?, JC—532.05001. ‘‘Identification card No. 822, Bufo #, 
Santa Barbara, California.’’ The holotype and only known specimen 
is in very poor condition. 


Diagnosis —Palpus of form figured (fig. A) ; claw with chaetotaxy 
as figured (fig. C) ; marginal teeth of fixed finger of claw 33-35, small 
and conical in shape and slightly less than their own width apart 
(fig. D); movable finger with 30-32 evenly spaced, smaller conical 
teeth, their own width or more apart (fig. B). 

Measurements——No measurements of legs or accurate measure- 
ments of chelicerae obtainable. Total length, 2.7 mm. K, 0.65 mm. 
Carapace (1.28-0.74, 0.95). Chelicera (only approximate), (0.43- 
0.28, 0.31). Palpus (coxae unknown) (0.62-0.32) (1.00-0.35) (1.05- 
0.43) (1.75—-0.58) (0.88-0.26). 

Remarks.—This species is similar in several respects to the species 
described by Banks as ‘‘Ideoroncus’’ obscurus. They cannot well be 
confounded with one another, and both are widely separated from any 
other known species. 

Bank’s obscurus is no doubt generically distinct from Hyarinus 
and, likewise, is widely separated from true [deoroncus by many 





fundamental morphological characters. Consequently a new genus is 
here erected for its reception. 


Syarinus gen. nov. 


Orthotype.—-Ideoroncus obscurus Banks. Pacific Coast of United States 
of America. 





Diagnosis —Obisioid genus closely related to Hyarinus; structur- 
ally similar thereto except that no traces of eyes or eyespots are 
present; full complement of tactile setae of movable finger present, 
T being submedian and scarcely its diameter removed from ST; 
general chaetotaxy of claw distinctly different from that of Hyarinus ; 
no indication of the five pseudotactile setae on dorsum of hand as is 
the case in Hyarinus; marginal teeth of fingers of claw clearly 
contiguous, and not spaced as in Hyarinus. 

Remarks.—Other differences will no doubt be apparent as soon 
as good material of Hyarinus becomes available and a complete descrip- 
tion can be written. The structure of the femora of the legs in these 
two genera renders confusion with any other known ‘‘Obisioids’’ 


impossible. 








330 University of California Publications in Entomology  [Vou. 3 


Syarinus obscurus (Banks) 


1893. Ideoroncus obscurus Banks. Can. Entom., vol. 66. 
_Previously recorded from California and Washington. It has also been 
recorded from Montana but this record is open to serious doubt. 


Material Examined.—Paratype from Olympia, Washington, 9, 
‘J C—17.01002. ‘‘ Pacific Coast,’’? unknown locality, ©, JC—18.02001 
from the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Yolla Bolly Mountain, 
Mendocino County, California, 9, JC—16.01001, collected on fur of 
Microtus constrictus by G. F. Ferris. San Gregoria Beach, San Mateo 
County, California, 7 or 8 females (.JC—19.01001—7 or 8) from under 
bark of live oak (Quercus agrifolia Neé) log on beach, March 20, 1921, 
collected by Carl D. Dunean and the author. Berkeley, California, 9, 
J C—32.02001, collected by Dietrich. 

Remarks.—An undescribed species of this genus, closely related 
to obscurus, 1s at hand from Colorado. It is interesting to note that 
out of a rather large series of specimens of the two species, not a single - 
male appears. It is also noteworthy that in both species the spinneret 
of the immature specimens is composed of a large, basally divided, 


ecompoundly ramose galea, while in the adult it is reduced to a small, 





simple, or slightly branched stylet. 


Garypus californicus Banks 





Material—Three badly damaged females (JC—3832.01001 —3). 
‘‘Santa Barbara—California. Identification card No. 8382 Bufo A.’’ 
From the stomach of a toad, Bufo sp. 


Chernes peninsularis sp. nov. 
Figures E, F, G 


Holotype.—®, JC—532.04001. ‘‘Identification card No. 1149, Bufo A. Cape 
San Lucus, Lower California, Mexico.’’ The fragmentary holotype 
(minus most of abdomen and legs) is the only known specimen. 


Diagnosis.—Indistinet eyespots present; anterior carapacal furrow 
slightly nearer posterior than anterior margin; posterior furrow 
shghtly nearer posterior border than anterior furrow; palpus as 
figured (fig. E) ; tactile setae and poison ducts as figured (figs. G, F) ; 
movable finger with 48 or 49 subconical, shghtly retrorse, contiguous 
marginal teeth; with 2 exterior accessory teeth anterior to nodus 
ramosus, and 3 interior accessory teeth, the first of which is about 
even with the posterior tooth of exterior series, all subequally spaced ; 
fixed finger with 47 similar marginal teeth; with 3 exterior accessory 
teeth even respectively with the 2d, 7th and 9th marginal teeth, 


1925] Chamberlin: On a Collection of Pseudoscorpions 331 


interiorly with 6 accessory teeth, subequally spaced, extending pos- 
teriorly almost half the length of the finger; fixed finger with 3 
’ interior longitudinally spaced sense spots between IST and ISB; and 
3 exterior similarly spaced sense spots lying between EST and ESB, 
as well as with a basal exterior group of 6 or 7 spots (fig. G) ; flagellum 
of 3 blades, the anteriormost of which is longest and anteriorly 
dentate ; about 14 to 16 setae, 4 lvrifissures and 45-50 microlyrifissures 
per tergite; palpal setae rather short, stout, non-clavate, and distally 
slightly dentate; other setae lost ; 18 teeth in serrula exterior, cheliceral 
setae lost. 


Measurements.—Total length about 3 mm. K, —0.83 mm. Carapace 
(1.26-0.66, 1.138). Chelicera (0.42-0.21, 0.30). Palpus (0.65—0.42, 
0.54-0.48) (0.66—-0.39) (1.00-0.43) (0.99-0.47) (2.10-0.66) (0.90- 
0.26) Leg I (0.80-0.46, 0.43-0.50) (0.27-0.22) (0.30—-0.24, 0.50-0.22) 
(0.57-0.15) (0.51-0.10). Leg IV (0.33-0.28, 0.42-0.30). (Remainder 
of leg lost.) 


Remarks.—In spite of the mutilated condition of the only known 
specimen of this species, there is little doubt as to its being truly 
congeneric with C. cimicoides Fabr. of Europe, the genotype of 
Chernes. It is certainly not a Hesperochernes. 


Zaona gen. nov. 
Figures L, M, N, O, P 
Orthotype-—Chelifer biseriatum Banks. Florida. 


Diagnosis.—Related to Chernes and Hesperochernes from which 
it may be immediately distinguished by the very slender, non- 
pedicellate, Chelifer-like palpi (fig. N); flagellum of 3 blades as in 
Chernes; chaetotaxy of chelicera as in Chernes; chaetotaxy of claw as 
figured (figs. L, M); 3 or 4 accessory teeth on fixed finger only 
(fig. M); poison duct extending almost even with ST of movable 
finger (fig. L) ; interscutal and intersegmental membrane longitudin- 
ally wrinkled but scarcely rugose; pleural membrane slightly and 
rugosely wrinkled; carapace posteriorly as broad as long; with two 
distinet eyespots or perhaps weakly developed real eyes; both eara- 
pacal furrows distinct but not prominent; 12-14 tergal and sternal 
border setae per segment; tergal setae smoothly and broadly clavate 
(fig. O) ; sternal setae completely simple; palpal and pedal setae short 
and stout but not clavate; female genital area and seminal receptacles 
as in Chernes (fig. P). 


Remarks.—The orthotype is the only species at present referable 
to this interesting and comparatively isolated genus. 


302 University of California Publications in Entomology [Vou 3 


Zaona biseriatum (Banks) 
Figures L, M, N, O, P 
1895. Chelifer biseriatum Banks, Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soe., vol. 3. 
Previous records.—The type locality is Lake Poinsett, Florida. Banks 
has also recorded it from Punta Gorda, Florida, and Berger from 
Berea, Ohio. This last record is very doubtful and probably incorrect. 


Material Examined.—Two badly damaged females (JC— 
932.02001-2) from ‘‘Sebastian Florida, 2-11-19 A.W.’’ Presumably 
not from the stomach contents of toads, at least not so labeled. Through 
the courtesy of the authorities of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 
I have also had the opportunity of examining a series of Banks’ 
paratypes. 

Remarks.—It was the slenderness of the palpi, no doubt, which 
led Banks to erroneously refer this species to Chelifer instead of 
‘“Chelanops.’’ The accompanying figures will permit positive specific 
determination. 


Withius vagrans sp. nov. 
Figures H, I, J, K 


Holotype—, JC—532.03001. ‘‘Identification card No. 2314, Bufo ©, 
Brownsville, Texas.’’ The holotype and only known specimen is in 
good condition. 


Diagnosis —Palpus as figured (fig. K); chaetotaxy and poison 
ducts of claw as illustrated (fig. H); with 2 true eyes; anterior 
carapacal furrow almost median, posterior furrow nearer posterior 
margin than anterior furrow; sides of carapace subparallel, begin- 
ning to converge just behind the eyes; tergal chaetotaxy 10:10:10; 


0-2-0. 2-2-2, 2-2-2. 2-2-2. 2-2-2. 2-1-2. os ventral chaeto- 











10Ry t See ttn Ochs ae Oe ie el eee 
taxy about as figured (fig. I) ; the median cluster of microsetae found 
on the 3d to 10th segments, although reduced in size and distinetness 
on 3d and 10th ventrites; last ventrite with many microlyrifissures ; 
male genitaha as figured (fig. J) ; tergal seta short and broadly spatu- 
late; ventral setae short, acuminate; palpal setae short and thick, not 
spatulate. 

Measurements—Total length, 2.15 mm. K, 0.58 mm. Carapace 
(1.21-0.52, 0.83). Chelicera (0.33-0.21, 0.28). Palpus (0.59-0:35, 
0.47-0.42) (0.59-0.81) (1.00-0.31) (0.99-0.88) (1.46-0.45) (0.66— 
0.17). Leg I (0.81-0.40, 0.43-0.45) (0.23-0.24) (0.31-0.24, 0.750.381) 
(0.73-0.17) (0.54-0.10). Leg IV (0.10-0.24, 0.43-0.383) (0.21—0.19) 
(0.19-0.24, 0.44-0.23) (0.50-0.14) (0.45-0.08). Depth of claw 0.44. 


Remarks.—It is possible that some of the ‘‘Chelanops’’ described 
from Texas and other southern states (for example C. texanus Banks), 
are really Withiine forms, in which case it is possible that this species 
will fall as a synonym of one of them. Until they are redescribed, 
however, no safe decision on this point can be rendered. 





| at Pe ee ae 
yt eee 2 * Sei mares ee se hie , 





UNIVERSITY OF. CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued) 


6. The Effect of Copper, zine, zon, and Lead Salts on Ammonification and 
Nitrification in Soils, by C. B, Lipman and P. S. BAEreS Pp. 127- 


139. March, 1914 ...... 1 Gas ANA lig, aN Plage aap tee Me Cle CY SRD a ae edad cB Pc bs) 
dig Studies on Ammonification in Soils by Pure Cultures, by C. B. Lipman 
and P. S. Burgess. Pp. 141-172. Apriby AOU 6 si Sti ae Ye (25 

8. Humus) and Humus-Nitrogen in California Soil Columns, by RB. H. 
Loughridge. Pp. 173-274. August, 1914 occ cl eeswccceacle 1.00 


9. New Experiments on Alkali Soil Treatment (Preliminary Report), by | 
: Charles B. ipuion and Leslie T. Sharp. Pp. 275-290, plates 1-4. 
PTO LOL rs NE Se cahi seer eal dighoneenSet ebsabcbaaal eu pudneartyol wear vanoenbschelderntohennstieasoa 5 


10. Fundamental Interrelationships between Certain Soluble Salts and Soil 


Colloids, by L. T..Sharp., Pp. 291-339. April, 1916 0.0. 00 


. 11.-The Influence of the Composition and Concentration of the Nutrient 


Solution on Plants Grown in Sand Cultures, by Arthur Hugo Ayres. 4 
Pp. 341-394, plates 5-15.) January, LOU7) cso ceca 60 


12, Certain’ Effects under Irrigation of Copper Compounds upon Crops, by 


R. H. Forbes. Pp. 395-494, plates 6-9. April, 1917 0c. 1.00 


, 13, Experiments on the Effects of Constituents of Solid Smelter Wastes on > 


Vol. 2. 


Vol. 3. 


Nd 


Barley Growth in Pot Cultures, by C. B. Lipman and W. F. Gericke. 
2D AOD BT oo ATC Rs Od ee ee eee deheep a udiCashakesktheg 95 
Index, pp. 589-595. . 


1. Studies in Juglans I. Study of a New Form of Juglans’ Californica) 
Watson, by Ernest B. Babcock. Pp. 1-46, plates 1-12. December, 

; pL: SANRIO ML Sy AER ACU SL AeA EC WSUS A oP ABO SM Ae ANE aR INL RRR 60 
2. Studies in Juglans II. Further Observations on a’ New Variety of 
Juglans Californica Watson and on Certain Supposed. Walnut-Oak 
Hybrids, by Ernest B. Babcock. Pp. 47-70, plates 13-19. October, 

LS CMa A as Bilge Sri AR UES SPURT MRR Sinan Fr Bia ee AOE oe Lp AN Roi RS Ce ARSON RCEAMMEN KC +35 
Studies\in Juglans III. (1) Further Evidence that the Oak-like Walnut 
* Originates by Mutation; (2) A Parallel Mutation in Juglans Hindsii 
(Jepsen) Sargent, by Ernest B. Babcock. Pp. 71-80, plates 20-21, 


: SODGCIMDEE: 1016 ie en Ce Ota Raget chenes 4,10 
4, Mutation in Matthiola, by Howard B,. Frost. Pp. 81-190, plates 22-35, |. 
INO WOT DONS POE Oe OE ae Gedae ident dopant uCoudselsot Mindadnrdod 1.25 


5. Interspecific Hybrids in Crepis. I, Crepis capillaris (LL) Wallr. X C. Teéc- 
; torum L, by Ernest B. Babcock and Julius L, Collins. Pp. 191-204, 


oe Plates: 56-38) s°October, 1920-05 ee ae a A -20 
6. Inbreeding and Crossbreeding in Crepis capillaris (L) Wallr., by J ulius 
L. Coilins. Pp. 205-216, plates 39-41. November, 1920. -......0.00.2:..222... :30 


18 Inheritance in Crepis capillaris. (.) Wallr.' II, Inheritance of Some 
Morphological Characters in Crepis capillaris, by Venkata Rau. Pp. 
| 217-242, plates 42-43, 3 figures in text. DASH L OLS ts ila te ae a +00 
8. Microsporogenesis of Ginkgo biloba Il. with especial reference to the 
Distribution of the Plastids and to Cell Wall Formation, by Margaret 
Campbell Mann. Pp. 243-248, plate 52, September, 1924 00... 25 
9, Inheritance in Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. III. Nineteen Morphological 
and Three Physiological Characters, by J. L. oo Pp. 249-296, 
ecplates(tb-52, December, O24 10 ta a oh teal aoaksh By fs 


10. Chromosome Number and Individuality in the Genus Crepis. I. A Com- 


‘parative Study of the Chromosome Number and Dimensions of Nine- . 
teen Species, by Margaret Campbell Mann. Pp. 297-314, plate reat 
WAIT LODO iyo ust PM Neer ee EC ea Re Raat UE ONES heal lanai 30. 


1. New Grasses for California, L Phalaris stenoptera Hack., by B: ah Ken- 
rmedy, ? Pp. 3-24) plates: 1-8, daly; L927) 2.54. La eee ee .30 

2. Optimum Moisture Conditions for Young Lemon Trees on a Loam Soil, | 
by L. W. Fowler and C: B: Lipman: Pp. 25-36, plates 9-11, Sep- 
ABET. VOLT ea te ee oe te tpen dat seier al daciaisdegtb anode cele Nig 15 


-°3. Some Abnormal Water Relations in Citrus Trees of ‘the Arid South-, 


west and their Possible Significance, by Robert W. Danny Pp. 
ge O14, Plate LZ. Sepremner; LONG a5 eka tear de le eetatpledesnensoaeadahainecnantptesns 20 


4. “ New Dendrometer, by. Donald Bruce. Pp. 55-61, November, 1917...... 10 





UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued) 


5. 


2 


a] 


ae 


9, 


10. 


Toxic and Antagonistic Effects of Salts on Wine Yeast (Saccharomyces — 
ellipsoideus), by 8S, K. Mitra.. Pp. 63-102. November, 1917 .....2...0...... . 


Changes in the Chemical Composition of Grapes during Ripening, by 
F. T. Bioletti, W. V. Cruess, and H. Davi. Pp. 103-130. March, 1918 


A. New Method of Extracting the Soil Solution (a Preliminary Com- 
munication), by Chas. B. Lipman. Pp. 131-134. March, 1918 .......... 


The Chemical Composition of the Plant as Further Proof of the Close 
Relation between Antagonism and Cell Permeability, by Dean David 
Waynick. Pp. 135-242, plates 13-24. Jume, 1918 ..02cc ek 


Variability in Soils and Its Significance to Past and Future Soil In- 

vestigations, I. A Statistical Study of Nitrification in Soil, by Dean 
_ David Waynick. Pp. 243-270, 2 text figures. Jume, 1918 ........00..0000... 
Does CaCO, or CaSO, Treatment Affect the Solubility of the Soil’s 


Constituents?, by C. B. Lipman and W. F. Gericke. Pp. Aree 
PUNE POTS) Wes SN ae a i) NB Ng calc a aes Cenc 


11.An Investigation of the Abnova Shedding of Young Fruits of the 


12. 


Vol. 4.. 1. 


10. 


11, 


iS 


13. 


14. 


Vol. 5. 1 


Washington Navel Orange, by J. Eliot Coit and Robert W. Hodgson. 
Pp. 283-368, plates 25-42, 9 text figures. April, 1919... 
Are Soils Mapped under a Given Type Name by the Bureau of Soils 
Method Closely Similar to One Another?, by Robert Larimore Pendle- 
ton. Pp. 369-498, plates 43-74, 33 text figures. June, (LOUD: aeiteiecegelecs 
Index, pp. 499-509. . 


The Fermentation Organisms of California Grapes, by. W. V. Cruess. 


Pp. 1-66, plates 1-2, 15 text figures. December, 1918 -.......0.2 tc 


. Tests of Chemical Means for the Control of Weeds. Report of Progress, 


by George P. Gray. Pp. 67-97, 11 text figures: 2c... ele tee ee es 


Lemon, by H. S. Reed and F. F. Halma. Pp. 99-112, plates 3-6. 
PODIUATY:: TOTO es es i colsatoten ap iau he iececeeeeaenl 


« Further Studies on the Distribution and Activities of Certain Groups of 
Bacteria in California Soil Columns, by Charles B. Lipman. Pp. 113- - 


AZOS SA Prd 1G TO ee ea IN oe AS, es Clana panied eatete ad 


vestigations. II. Variations in Nitrogen and Carbon in Field Soils 
and Their Relation to the Accuracy of Field Trials, by D. D. Way- 
nick and L. T. Sharp. Pp. 121-139, 1 text figure. May, 1919 -........... 


. The Effect of Several Types of Irrigation Water on the Pu Value and 


Freezing Point Depression of Various Types of Soils, by D. R. Hoag- 
land and A. W. Christie. Pp. 183-232. November, 1919 .............-.0-2.2- 


A New and Simplified Method for the Statistical Interpretation of Bio- 


metrical Data, by George A. Linhart.. Pp. 159-181. September, 1920 
. The Temperature Relations of Growth in Certain Parasitic Fungi, by 


Howard S. Fawcett. Pp. 183-232. May, 1921 ......0020 ee 


. The Alinement Chart Method of Preparing Tree Volume Tables, by 


Donald Bruce. Pp. 233-243. December, 192] 22.2.2. cecptenecene 


Equilibrium Studies with Certain Acids and Minerals and their Probable 
Relation to the Decomposition of Minerals by Bacteria, by Douglas 


Writht, Jr); (Pp. 245-387." Marxch: 'WO22 ei soa eek ieee eieoserataee ' 
Studies on a Drained Marsh Soil Unproductive for Peas, by P. 8S. 


Burgess. Pp. 339-396. June, 1922 -................ PINAY De NG SN 


. The Effect of Reaction on the Fixation of Nitrogen by Azotobacter, by 


Harlan W. Johnson and Charles B. Lipman. Pp. 397-405, 3 text 
fisures, * December, 1922 ux. Sr a a a ea 
The Toxicity of Copper Sulfate to the Spores of Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) 
Winter, by Fred 'N. Briggs. Pp. 407-412, 1 figure in text. BONE DOk, 
OBS 2 LEN a ae iS eee a IS a ae ee os a 


Influence of Reaction on Inter-Relations Between the Plant and its Cul- 
ture Medium, by J. J. Theron: Pp. 413-444, 12 figures in text. 


LECH AVE: N eg eed B27, Sie dari A Cea a. Mae Mela Beh NE NR Nae ANNES ER BAe oa 8 by : 


Index, pp. 445-450. 


Growth and Differentiation in Apricot Trees, by H. S. seca Pp. 158, 


18 figures in text. September, 1924 menecdatonsetesepnbe nay ttgrnnas adele abanyebunieubyodubebed 


; (45 


.05 


1,25 — 


30 


10 


1.00 


2.00 


. On the Existence of a Growth-Inhibiting Substance in the Chinese ~ 


. Variability in Soils and Its Significance to Past and Future Soil In- 


a 





nn 





